Towards active community participation in implementing Climate Change Adaptation Policy (CCAP) in Cambodia

Nop, Sothun (2015): Towards active community participation in implementing Climate Change Adaptation Policy (CCAP) in Cambodia.

Abstract

This paper explores main opportunities and key challenges for community participation in implementing climate change adaptation policy (CCAP) in Cambodia. It also determines potential priorities that can help promote community to actively involve in CCAP implementation. This study reveals that communities remain passively participate in implementing CCAP because key challenges seems to outweigh the opportunities. To promote community to actively join in the process of CCAP implementation, relevant policy legislations that established to fully empower local communities to effectively manage their livelihood resources need to be strictly enforced. Also, the exclusive livelihoods improvement programs and infrastructure projects, which help sustain incomes of vulnerable communities, upgrade their capacity, and promote their security, should be increased.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: community participation, implementation, climate change adaptation policy
• Subjects: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O2 - Development Planning and Policy > O21 - Planning Models ; Planning Policy; Z - Other Special Topics > Z0 - General > Z00 - General

References

Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A Ladder of Citizen Participation American Institute of Planners, Journal, 35(4), 216.

Baran, E., Schwartz, N., & Kura, Y. (2009). Climate change and fisheries: Vulnerability and adaptation in Cambodia. Penang: WorldFish Center.

Burns, D., Heywood, F., Taylor, M., Wilde, P., & Wilson, M. (2004). Making community participation meaningful.

CCCA. (2012). Assessment of Coping Strategies in the Coastal Zone of Cambodia. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Cambodia Climate Change Allience.

CDRI. (2012a). Cambodia's Urbansation: Key Trends and Policy Priorities. Cambodia Development Review, 16(2), 1-24.

CDRI. (2012b). Challenge of Rural Livelihoods in the Context of Climate Change. Cambodia Development Review, 16(3).

Chhinh, N., & Poch, B. (2013). Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture and Vulnerability as Expected Poverty of Kampong Speu Province, Cambodia.

D’Agostino, A. L., & Sovacool, B. K. (2011). Sewing climate-resilient seeds: implementing climate change adaptation best practices in rural Cambodia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 16(6), 699-720. doi: 10.1007/s11027-011-9289-7

DCA/CA. (2009). Public perceptions of climate change in Cambodia Phnom Penh: DanChurch Aid/Christian Aid

Diepart, J.-C. (2014). Learning for Socio-Ecological Resilience: Insights from Cambodia's Rural Communities. Paper presented at the Development Research Forum, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Gupta, A. K., & Nair, S. S. (2012). Ecosystem approach to disaster risk reduction. National Institute of Disaster Management, New Delhi, 202.

Heng, C. T. (2011). Status of NAPA Implementation in Cambodia. Paper presented at the Second National Forum on Climate Change Cambodia.

Heng, L. A. (2014). Country Report of Cambodia Disaster Managment Kobe, JAPAN: Asian Disaster Reduction Centre (ADRC).

IPCC. (2001). Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulner-ability”, Working Group II Contribution to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, “Chapter 18: Adaptation to Climate Change in the Context of Sustainable Development and Equity. (pp. 877-912). Cambridge: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Jacobs, B., & Price, N. (2003). Community participation in externally funded health projects: lessons from Cambodia. Health policy and planning, 18(4), 399-410. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czg048

Juhola, S. (2010). Mainstreaming climate change adaptation: the case of multi-level governance in Finland Developing adaptation policy and practice in Europe: Multi-level Governance of Climate Change (pp. 149-187): Springer.

Kalame, F. B., Kudejira, D., & Nkem, J. (2011). Assessing the process and options for implementing National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPA): a case study from Burkina Faso. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 16(5), 535-553. doi: 10.1007/s11027-010-9278-2

Kawakami, T., Tong, L., Kannitha, Y., & Sophorn, T. (2011). Participatory approach to improving safety, health and working conditions in informal economy workplaces in Cambodia. Work (Reading, Mass.), 38(3), 235.

Khemro, B. H. S., & Payne, G. (2004). Improving tenure security for the urban poor in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: an analytical case study. Habitat International, 28(2), 181-201.

Kim, N., & Henke, R. (2005). Commune Councils in Cambodia: A National Survey on their Functions and Performance, with a Special Focus on Conflict Resolution Phnom Penh: Asia Foundation.

Kim, S., & Ojendal, J. (2011). Accountability and Local Politics in Natural Resource Management. In H. Caroline & K. Un (Eds.), Cambodia’s Economic Transformation (pp. 266-287). Compenhegen: NIAS Press.

Kirkpartick, C. J. (2005). "A farmer without land can't be called a farmer": Natural resource commercialization and the impacts of restricted land and forest access on the livelihoods of rural people in Tumring Commune, Cambodia. (Dissertation/Thesis), ProQuest, UMI Dissertations Publishing.

Koh Kheng, L., & Lovleen, B. (2011). Governance on Adaptation to Climate Change in the Asean Region. Carbon & Climate Law Review : CCLR, 5(1), 82.

Lavell, A., Oppenheimer, M., Diop, C., Hess, J., Lempert, R., Li, J., . . . Barros, V. (2012). Climate change: new dimensions in disaster risk, exposure, vulnerability, and resilience. Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation, 25-64.

Lay, K. (2011). National Dialogue on Mainstreaming DRR into Development Practices and Trends Paper presented at the Disaster Risk Reduction Forum.

Makinde, T. (2005). Problems of policy implementation in developing nations: the Nigerian experience. Journal of Social sciences, 11(1), 63-69.

Marwaan, M.-M. (2008). Cambodia: Development Plans Hightlight Urban-Rural Devide, p. 1. Retrieved from http://uq.summon.serialssolutions.com/link/0/

McSweeney, C., New, M., & Lizcano, G. (2008). UNDP climate change country profiles: Cambodia: School of Geography and the Environment of the University of Oxford. UNDP. Oxford.

Mgbako, C., Gao, R. E., Joynes, E., Cave, A., & Mikhailevich, J. (2010). Forced eviction and resettlement in Cambodia: Case Studies from Phnom Penh. Washington University Global Studies Law Review, 9(39), 39-73.

MoE. (2011). Understanding Public Perceptions of Climate Change in Cambodia Cambodia Ministry of Environment

Namara, K. M. (2013). Community-based climate change (and disaster risk) assessments: Case study of the Pacific. The University of Queensland.

Nang p., Sam S., Lonn P., & Ouch C. (2014). Strengthening Adaptation Capacity of Rural People in the Main Agro-ecological Zone in Cambodia, (Vol. 05). Phnom Penh: CDRI: Cambodian Development Resource Institute.

NCDM. (2013). Cambodia Disaster Loss and Damage Analysis Report 1996-2013. Phnom Penh: National Committee for Disaster Management/ United Nation Development Program.

Nehren U., Sudmeier-Rieux K., Sandholz S., Estrella M., Lomarda M., & Guillén T. (2014). The Ecosystem-based Disaster Risk Reduction Case Study and Exercise Source Book. Cologne and Geneva: Center for Natural Resources and Development and the Partnership for Environment and Disaster Risk Reduction.

NGO Forum on Cambodia. (2005). Fast-wood Plantations, Economic Concessions and Local Livelihoods in Cambodia. Cambodia: NGO Forum on Cambodia.

NGO Forum on Cambodia. (2014). Farm Conservation and sustainalble Use of Cereals Diversity Through Participatory Plant Breeding and Securing Local Seed Systems in Climate Vulnerable Provinces of Cambodia. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: The NGO Forum on Cambodia.

Nguyen, H., & Shaw, R. (2010). Climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction in Cambodia. Community, Environment and Disaster Risk Management, 5, 59-79.

Nuorteva, P., Keskinen, M., & Varis, O. (2010). Water, livelihoods and climate change adaptation in the Tonle Sap Lake area, Cambodia: learning from the past to understand the future. Journal of Water and Climate Change 1(1), 87-101. doi: 10.2166/wcc.2010.010

Pellini, A. (2007). Decentralization and Community Participation: School Clusters in Cambodia (pp. 175-194). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.

Pellini, A., & Ayres, D. (2007). Community Participation in Local Governance in Cambodia: Learning from the Village Networks Approach. Development in Practice, 17(3), 404-409. doi: 10.1080/09614520701337004

Phonphakdee, S., Sauter, G., & Visal, S. (2009). The Urban Poor Development Fund in Cambodia: supporting local and citywide development. Environment & Urbanization, 21(2), 569-586. doi: 10.1177/0956247809339661

Phonphakdee, S., Visal, S., & Sauter, G. (2009). The Urban Poor Development Fund in Cambodia: supporting local and citywide development. Environment and Urbanization, 21(2), 569-586.

Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. B. (1984). Implementation: University of California Press.

RGC. (2001). Draft second five-year socioeconomic development plan 2001–2005. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: Ministry of Planning.

RGC. (2004). The Rectangular Strategy for Growth, Employment, Equity and Effeciecy in Cambodia. Phnom Penh: The Royal Government of Cambodia.

RGC. (2006a). National Adaptation Programme of Action to Climate Change (NAPA). Phnom Penh: Royal Government of Cambodia.

RGC. (2006b). National Strategic Development Plan 2006-2010. Phnom Penh: Royal Government of Cambodia.

RGC. (2013). Cambodia Climate Change Strategic Plan 2014-2023. Phnom Penh, Cambodia: National Climate Change Committee.

RGC. (2014). National Strategic Development Plan-2014-2018. Phnom Penh: Ministry of Planning

Ros, B., Nang, P., & Chhim, C. (2011). Agricultural Development and Climate Change: The Case of Cambodia (Vol. 65). Phnom Penh: CDRI.

Saito, N. (2013). Mainstreaming climate change adaptation in least developed countries in South and Southeast Asia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 18(6), 825-849. doi: 10.1007/s11027-012-9392-4

Sovacool, B. K., D'Agostino, A. L., Meenawat, H., & Rawlani, A. (2012). Expert views of climate change adaptation in least developed Asia. Journal of environmental management, 97(1), 78-88. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.11.005

Sreng, S. (2013). Climate Change Issues in Cambodian Coastal Area related to Water. Paper presented at the Climate Change Issue and Urban Flood Management, Daegu, Korea. http://www.unescap.org/esd/suds/egm/2013/urban-flood-management/index.asp

Ui, S., Heng, L., Yatsuya, H., Kawaguichi, L., Akashi, H., & Aoyana, A. (2010). Strengthening community participation at health centers in rural Cambodia: role of local non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Critical Public Health, 20(1), 97-115. doi: 10.1080/09581590902829173

UNDP. (2011). Promoting Climate Resilient Water Management and Agricultural Practices in Rural Cambodia (NAPA Follow Up) Annual Project Report 2010. Phnom Penh: United Nation Development Program.

UNDP. (2013a). About Cambodia Retrieved 22/08/2013, 2013, from http://www.kh.undp.org/content/cambodia/en/home/countryinfo/

UNDP. (2013b). About Cambodia Retrieved 15/01/2015, 2015, from http://www.kh.undp.org/content/cambodia/en/home/countryinfo/

UNDP. (2013c). Case Study in Cambodia Community Based Adaptation: Two Examples from Rural Affected Communities (pp. 1-32). Phnom Penh, Cambodia: United Nation Development Program.

UNDP. (2013d). Listen to Villagers on Climate Change. United Nation Development Program Cambodia. Retrieved from http://www.adaptationlearning.net/explore

UNDP. (2013e). Stories from the field - Success stories of a Climate Resilience in Agriculture and Water project, Cambodia. United Nation Developmen Program. Cambodia. Retrieved from http://www.adaptationlearning.net/explore

UNEP, & CUAS. (2015). Unit 4. Background materials to the MOOC: Disasters and Ecosystems: resilience in a changing climate. Geneva and Cologne: United Nations Environmental Programme and Cologne University of Applied Sciences.

UNISDR, & WB. (2010). Synthesis Report on Ten ASEAN Countries Disaster Risks Assessment: United Nation Office for Disaster Risk Reduction & The World Bank

Unknown. (2014). Supplementary Appendix M - CAM GMS BCC-PPCR Climate Change Impact Modeling and Vulnerability Assessments for Koh Kong and Mondulkiri Provinces in Cambodia.

WB. (2015). Cambodia Population Retrieved 20/02/2015, 2015, from http://data.worldbank.org/country/cambodia

Yusuf, A. A., & Francisco, H. (2010). Hotspots! Mapping climate change vulnerability in Southeast Asia: IRSA.