Retail resilience: A theoretical framework for understanding town centre dynamics

Dolega, Les and Celińska-Janowicz, Dorota (2015): Retail resilience: A theoretical framework for understanding town centre dynamics. Published in: Studia Regionalne i Lokalne No. 2(60) (1 July 2015): pp. 8-31.

Abstract

The concept of resilience has gained much attention in recent academic and political discussion. However, its application to specific sectors, such as retail, is rather scarce. The aim of this paper is to present the concept of resilience and to analyse its applicability to the retail sector within the context of the town centre. The paper proposes a possible analytical framework for adaptively resilient retail centres that links the performance of retail centres to underlying development paths, the pre-shock position in the adaptive cycle, and other factors that drive their evolutionary reorganisation. The proposed framework has a practical application for spatial and urban planning and can be beneficial to various stakeholders and practitioners, including retailers, policy makers, and town centre managers.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: adaptation, shopping, adaptive cycle, retail centre
• Subjects: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development > O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O2 - Development Planning and Policy > O20 - General; R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R0 - General > R00 - General; R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location > R30 - General; R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R3 - Real Estate Markets, Spatial Production Analysis, and Firm Location > R38 - Government Policy

References

Ashby, J., Cox, D., McInroy, N. (2009). An International Perspective of Local Government as Steward of Local Economic Resilience. Manchester: Centre for Local Economic Strategies.

Association of Town & City Management (ATCM). (2013). Successful town centres – developing effective strategies. GFIRST, ATCM, Department for Business Innovation & Skills, Gloucestershire Local Enterprise Partnership.

Balsas, C. (2014). Downtown resilience: A review ofrecent (re)developments in Tempe, Arizona, Cities, 36, 158–169.

Barata Salgueiro, T., Cachinho, H. (eds.) (2011). Retail Planning for the Resilient City: Consumption and Urban Regeneration. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Geográfios.

Berkes, F., Folke, C. (1998). Linking sociological and ecological systems for resilience and sustainability, in: F. Berkes, C. Folke (ed.), Linking Sociological and Ecological Systems: Management Practices and Social Mechanisms for Building Resilience. New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1–25.

Bhamra, R., Dani, S., Burnard, K. (2011). Resilience: the concept, a literature review and future directions, International Journal of Production Research, 49(18), 5375–5393.

Bodin, P., Wiman, B. (2004). Resilience and other stability concepts in ecology: notes on their origin, validity, and usefulness, ESS Bulletin, 2(2), 33–43.

Boschma, R. (2014). Towards an evolutionary perspective on regional resilience. Papers in Innovation Studies, #14.09, Utrecht University.

Bristow, G. (2010). Resilient regions: re-‘place’ing regional competitiveness, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 153–167.

British Council of Shopping Centre (BCSC) (2010). Future of Retail Property Shopping Places for People. London: BCSC.

Cachinho, H. (2014). Consumerscapes and the resilience assessment of urban retail systems. Cities, 36, 131–144.

Carpenter, S., Walker, B.,Anderies, J. M.,Abel, N. (2001). From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what?, Ecosystems, 4(8), 765–781.

Christopherson, S., Michie, J., Tyler, P. (2010). Regional resilience: theoretical and empirical perspectives, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 3–10.

David, P. A. (2005). Path dependence in economic processes: implications for policy analysis in dynamical systems contexts, in: K. Dopfer (ed.), The Evolutionary Foundations of Economics Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, pp. 151– 194.

Dawley, S., Pike, A., Tomaney, J. (2010). Towards the resilient region?, Local Economy, 25(8), 650–667.

Department for Communities and Local Government (2012). Portas Pilots. Prospectus: an invitation to become a Town Team. London.

Doyle, C. (2011). A Dictionary of Marketing. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Erkip, F., Kızılgün, Ö., Akinci, G. M. (2014). Retailers’ resilience strategies and their impacts on urban spaces in Turkey, Cities, 36, 112–120.

Fernandes, J., Chamusca, P., (2014). Urban policies, planning and retail resilience, Cities, 36, 170–177.

Foster, K. A. (2006). A Case Study Approach to Understanding Regional Resilience. Berkeley: Institute of Urban and Regional Development.

Foster, K. A. (2007). Snapping back: What makes regions resilient?, National Civic Review, 96(3), 27–29.

Friedman, M. (1993). The plucking model of business flctuations revisited, Economic Enquiry, 31(2), 171–177.

Glaeser, E. L., Kallal, H. D., Scheinkamn, J. A., Shleifer, A. (1992). Growth in cities, Journal of Political Economy, 100(6), 1126–1152.

Gorzelak, G., Jałowiecki, B., (2000). Konkurencyjność regionów, Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 1, 7–24.

Grabher, G. (1993). The weakness of strong ties: The lock-in of regional development in the Ruhr area, in: G. Grabher (ed.), The Embedded Firm. London: Routledge, 255–277.

Gunderson, L.H. (2000). Ecological resilience-in theory and application, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31(1), 425–439.

Guy, C. M. (1999). Retail location analysis, in: M. Pacione (ed.), Applied Geography: Principles and Practise. London: Routledge, 450–462.

Hart, C., Laing, A. (2014). The consumer journey through the high street in the digital era, in: N. Wrigley, E. Brookes (ed.), Evolving High Streets: Resilience and Reinvention.

Perspectives from Social Science. Southampton: ESRC, University of Southampton (download from http://www.riben.org.uk/Cluster_publications_&_media/)

Hassink, R. (2010). Regional resilience: A promising concept to explain differences in regional economic adaptability?, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 45–58.

Hill, E. W., Wial, H., Wolman, H. (2008). Exploring Regional Economic Resilience. Working Paper 2008-04. Berkeley: Institute of Urban and Regional Development.

Holling, C. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1–23.

Holling, C. S., Gunderson, L. H., Peterson, G. D. (2002). Sustainability and panarchies, in: L. H. Gunderson, C. S. Holling (ed.), Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems. Washington, DC: Island Press, 63–102. Hollnagel, E., Woods, D. D., Leveson, N. (2006). Resilience Engineering: Concepts and Precepts. Aldershot: Ashgate.

Kärrholm, M., Nylund, K., de la Fuente P. P. (2014). Spatial resilience and urban planning: Addressing the interdependence ofurban retail areas, Cities, 36, 121–130.

Klein, R. J. T., Nicholls, R. J. (1999). Assessment of coastal vulnerability to climate change, Ambio, 28(2), 182–187.

Law, J. (2014). A Dictionary of Business and Management. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Levin, S. A. (1998). Ecosystems and the biosphere as complex adaptive systems, Ecosystems, 1(5), 431–436.

Markusen, A., (2003). Fuzzy concepts, scanty evidence, policy distance: The case for rigour and policy relevance in critical regional studies, Regional Studies, 37(6–7), 701–717.

McGlade, J., Murray, R., Baldwin, J., Winder, B. (2006). Industrial resilience and decline: a co-evolutionary approach, in: E. Garnsey, J. McGlade (ed.), Complexity and CoEvolution: Continuity and Change in Socio-Economic Systems. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 147–176.

Martin, R. (2012). Regional economic resilience, hysteresis and recessionary shocks, Journal of Economic Geography, 12(1), 1–32.

Martin, R., Sunley, P. (2006). Path dependence and regional economic evolution, Journal of Economic Geography, 6(4), 395–437.

Nyström, M., Folke, C. (2001). Spatial resilience of coral reefs, Ecosystems, 4, 406–417.

Ozuduru, B. H., Varol, C., Ercoskun, O. Y. (2014). Do shopping centers abate the resilience of shopping streets? The co-existence of both shopping venues in Ankara, Turkey, Cities, 36, 145–157.

Pendall, R., Foster, K. a., Cowell, M. (2010). Resilience and regions: building understanding of the metaphor, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 71–84.

Pike, A., Dawley, S., Tomaney, J. (2010). Resilience, adaptation and adaptability, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3, 59–70.

Pike, A., Rodríguez-Pose, A., Tomaney, J. (2006). Local and Regional Development. Oxon, New York: Routledge.

Ravenscroft, N. (2000). The vitality and viability of town centres, Urban Studies, 37(13), 2533–2549.

Replacis (2011). Retail planning for cities sustainability, final report, in: F. Erkip, Ö. Kızılgün, G. M. Akinci (2014). Retailers’ resilience strategies and their impacts on urban spaces in Turkey, Cities, 36, 112–120.

Robinson, M. (2010). Making Adaptive Resilience Real. London: Arts Council England.

Robinson, R. C. (2012). An introduction to Dynamical Systems: Continuous and Discrete. American Mathematical Society.

Romer, R. (2001). Advanced Macroeconomics. New York: McGraw Hill.

Rose, A. Z. (2009). Economic Resilience to Disasters. CREATE Research Archive.

Salgueiro, T. B., Cachinho, H. (ed.) (2011). Retail Planning for the Resilient City. Lisboa: CEG Universidade de Lisboa.

Schumpeter, J. A. (1942). Creative destruction, in: Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. New York: Harper, 82–85.

Schrader-Frechette, K. S., McCoy E. D. (1993). Method in Ecology. London: Cambridge University Press.

Setterfild, M. (2010). Hysteresis. Working Paper 10-04, Department of Economics, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut.

Simmie, J., Martin, R. (2010). The economic resilience of regions: towards an evolutionary approach, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 27–43.

Spector, R. (2005). Category Killers: The Retail Revolution and Its Impact on Consumer Culture. Harvard Business Review Press.

Swanstrom, T. (2008). Regional Rresilience: A critical examination of the ecological framework. University of California, Berkeley, Institute of Urban and Regional Development (IURD) Working Paper 2008–07. Tilman, D., Downing, J. A. (1994). Biodiversity and stability in grasslands, Nature, 367, 363–365.

Walker, B., Carpenter, S., Anderies, J., Abel, N., Cumming, G. S., Janssen, M., Lebel, L., Norberg, J., Peterson, G. D., Pritchard, R. (2002). Resilience management in social ecological systems: A working hypothesis for a participatory approach, Conservation Ecology, 6(1), 14.

Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems, Ecology and Society, 9(2), 5.

Walker, B., Salt, D. (2012). Resilience Practice. Engaging the Sources of Our Sustainability. Island Press, USA.

Weltevrenden, J. W. J. (2007). Substitution or complementarity? How the Internet changes city centre shopping, Journal of Retailing & Consumer Services, 14(3), 197–207.

Wrigley, N. (2010). The shifting geographies of UK retailing, in: N. Coe, A. Jones (eds.), The Economic Geography of the UK. London: Sage Publications, 181–195.

Wrigley, N., Dolega, L. (2011). Resilience, fragility, and adaptation: New evidence on the performance of UK high streets during global economic crisis and its policy implications, Environment and Planning, 43(10), 2337–2363.

Wrigley, N., Lambiri, D. (2014). High Street Performance and Evolution. Southampton: University of Southampton.