Biofuels Markets and Policies in Belarus

Janda, Karel and Stankus, Elena (2017): Biofuels Markets and Policies in Belarus.

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of biofuel’s markets and policies in Belarus. Belarus remains the country with a critical level of energy dependence on Russia. Availability of cheap Russian sources and lack of diversification within energy sector hinder Belarus from expanding the potential of local energy resources. While energy independence and security, which is defined as share of local energy sources in the total energy balance, is declared as Belarusian priority, there is essentially no biofuels industry v Belarus. An interesting option of development of biofuels is a possibility of utilization of large areas unsuitable for human food or animal feed production because of Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Eastern Europe; Biofuels; Ethanol; Biodiesel
• Subjects: P - Economic Systems > P2 - Socialist Systems and Transitional Economies > P28 - Natural Resources ; Energy ; Environment; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q16 - R&D ; Agricultural Technology ; Biofuels ; Agricultural Extension Services; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q4 - Energy > Q42 - Alternative Energy Sources; R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R1 - General Regional Economics > R11 - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes

References

Akulova M., 2010. Belarusian yearbook. A survey and analysis of developments in the Republic of Belarus in 2010.[online] Minsk: Belarusian Institute for Strategic Studies; 2011. p. 286–95. [cit. 2016-12-17]. Available at: http://belinstitute.eu/images/doc-pdf/YB%202010%20eng.pdf

Arbuzov, S., 2013. This year agrarian sector can become the leader taking into account investment volumes. [online]. Press service of first vice prime minister. [cit. 2016-08-14]. Available at: https://forua.wordpress.com/2013/06/04/arbuzov-agricultural-sector-can-become-leader-in-volumes-of-investments/.

Bari D., 2014. Bio-based chemical industry: Challenges and opportunities. IHS Blogs. [cit. 2016-08-28]. Available at: http://blog.ihs.com/q12-bio-based-chemical-industry-challenges-and-opportunities

BP Statistical Review of World Energy, 2015. [online] ,[cit. 2016-08-29] Available at: bp.com/statisticalreview

Chakrabortty A., 2008. The global food crises [online]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [cit. 2016-08-18]. Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/rwss/docs/2011/chapter4.pdf

De Gorter, Just H. , 2008. “Water” in the U.S. Ethanol Tax Credit and Mandate: Implications for Rectangular Deadweight Costs and the Corn-Oil Price Relationship [online]. Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University.

Doku A., Di falco S., 2012. Biofuels in developing countries: Are comparative advantages enough? Energy Policy 44 101–117 [online]. [cit. 2016-11-23].

Environmental consequences of the Chernobyl accident and their remediation: twenty years of experience, 2006. Report of the UN Chernobyl Forum Expert Group ’Environment’ (EGE). Atomic Energy Agency [online]. [cit. 2016-12-15]. ISSN 1020-6566. Available at: http://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub1239_web.pdf

European Renewable Ethanol: State of the industry 2015 [online]. ePure, 2015 [cit. 2017-07-5]. Available at: http://epure.org/media/1215/epure_state_industry2015_web.pdf

Farkov A., 2016. Bez Nefti. Amic [online]. [cit. 2016-9-28]. Available at: http://www.amic.ru/news/320494/

Geletukha, G, et. al.,2015. Analyses of energy strategies of EU and world countries and role of renewables in their energy systems. [online]. Bioenergy Association of Ukraine. [cit. 2016-09-2]. Available at: http://uabio.org/en/activity/uabio-articles/3075-bioenergy-strategies-part-2

Global trends in renewable energy investment 2016 [online]. Frankfurt School-UNEP Centre/BNEF. [cit. 2016-08-28]. Available at: http://fs-unep-centre.org/sites/default/files/publications/globaltrendsinrenewableenergyinvestment2016lowres_0.pdf

Government program on biodiesel supply in Republic of Belarus for 2007-2010 years 2007. [online] Law Belarus. [cit. 2016-09-8]. Available at: http://lawbelarus.com/029809

Greenfield Creditors Group, 2016. [online]. [cit. 2016-10-21]. Available at: https://greenfieldcreditorsgroup.wordpress.com/

International Energy Outlook 2016. U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) [online]. 2016, s. 290 [cit. 2016-05-14]. Available at: http://www.eia.gov/outlooks/ieo

International Energy Statistics: Biofuels Production [online]. Renewable Fuels Association, 2016 [cit. 2017-08-1]. Available at: http://www.afdc.energy.gov/data/10331

Joffe M., 2011. Problemy razvitija biotoplivnoj otrasli [online]. Gomel State Technical University [cit. 2016-07-2]. Available at: https://elib.gstu.by

Kantamanemi, R.(2014), Executive Summary of Evaluation. International Finance Corporation. [online]. [cit. 2017-01-12]. Available at: http://www.ifc.org/wps/wcm/connect/ced716804602cb75adf6bd9916182e35/Terminal+Evaluation+of+RSEFP.pdf?MOD=AJPERES

Key Renewables Trends Excerpt form : Renewables information, 2016. International Energy Agency. [online]. [cit. 2016-05-14]. Available at: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/KeyRenewablesTrends.pdf

Lane, J. Biofuels Mandates Around the World: 2016. Biofuels Digest [online]. 2016 [cit. 2016-06-29]. Available at: http://www.biofuelsdigest.com/bdigest/2016/01/03/biofuels-mandates-around-the-world-2016/

Medvedkova I., Trudayeva, T., 2013. Biofuel market: problems and prospects. Mosty, vol. 6, no. 3.

Minnesota Biodiesel Program. Minnesota Department of Agriculture [online]. [cit. 2016-07-28] Available at: http://www.mda.state.mn.us/renewable/biodiesel/aboutbiodiesel.aspx

National Agency of Investment and Privatization of Republic of Belarus, 2016. [online]. [cit. 2016-10-1]. Available at: www.investinbelarus.by/en/

National Statistical Committee of Republic of Belarus (2016) [online]. [cit. 2016-11-08]. Available at: http://www.belstat.gov.by/

O’Kray C., Wu K, 2010. Biofuels in China: Development Dynamics, Policy Imperatives, and Future Growth [online]. International Association for Energy Economics[cit. 2016-08-28]

Oilseeds: world markets and trade. USDA [online]. 2017 [cit. 2017-1-1]. Available at: http://usda.mannlib.cornell.edu/usda/current/oilseed-trade/oilseed-trade-01-12-2017.pdf

Osterkorn M., Lemaire X., Emerging market for Green Certificates. United Nations: Sustainable development knowledge platform [online]. 2008 [cit. 2017-07-3]. Available at: http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/csd/csd15/lc/reep_emgc.pdf

Parnell J. , 2012. Belarus threaten to leave Kyoto Protocol after Doha controversy. [online]. Climate Change News. [cit. 2016-9-29]. Available at: http://www.climatechangenews.com/2012/12/11/kyoto-protocol-faces-more-walkouts-after-doha-controversy/

Patni N., Shibu G. Pillaji , Dwivedi A. Wheat as a Promising Substitute of Corn for Bioethanol Production, Procedia Engineering, Volume 51, 2013, Pages 355-362

Pouliot S., Babcock B. 2015, How Much Ethanol Can Be Consumed in E85? [online]. Center for Agricultural and Rural Development Iowa State University, [cit. 2016-06-21]. Available at: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1050&context=card_briefingpapers

Rahu M. Health effects of the Chernobyl accident: fears, rumours and the truth. European Journal of Cancer 2003;39:295–9.

Rajagopal D., Zilberman D., 2007. Review of environmental, economic and policy aspects of biofuels. Policy Research Working Paper 4341, The World Bank.

Rapeseed in Belarus - little goes a long way, 2016 [online]. [cit. 2016-11-3]. Available at: https://www.apk-inform.com/en/exclusive/topic/1075244

Raslavičius L., 2012. Renewable energy sector in Belarus: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. Volume 16, Issue 7, September 2012, Pages 5399–5413 [online]. 2012 [cit. 2016-12-17]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136403211200353X

Renewable Energy: Medium-Term Market Report 2015: Market Analysis and Forecasts to 2020 [online]. IEA. [cit. 2016-08-20]. Available at: https://www.iea.org/Textbase/npsum/MTrenew2015sum.pdf

Renewable ethanol: driving jobs, growth and innovation throughout Europe: State of the Industry Report [online]. ePure, 2014 [cit. 2016-06-22].

Renewables 2015. Global Status report. Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st century [online]. 2015, s. 251 [cit. 2016-05-20]. Available at: http://www.ren21.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/REN12-GSR2015_Onlinebook_low1.pdf

Republic of Belarus. National Energy Saving Program from 2010 till 2015, 2010. Available at: http://energoeffekt.gov.by/programs/basicdocuments/191--20112015-24122010-1882.html

Republic of Belarus. National Energy Saving Program from 2015 till 2020, 2016. Available at: http://minenergo.gov.by/novosti-2/novosti/postanovlenie-soveta-ministrov-ot-28-ma/

Republic of Belarus: Energy Balances for 2014. IEA [online]. [cit. 2016-11-12]. Available at: http://www.iea.org/statistics/statisticssearch/report/?country=BELARUS&product=balances&year=2014

Schmetz E, Ackiewicz M, Tomlinson G, White C, Gray D, 2009; “Increasing Security and Reducing Carbon Emissions of the U.S. Transportation Sector: A Transformational Role for Coal with Biomass”, National Energy Technology Laboratory

SEC "Biomass", 2013. [online] Scientific Engineering Centre “Biomass”. [cit. 2016-10-3]. Available at: http://biomass.kiev.ua/en/.

Shrestha, D., 2012, Feedstock Yields and Prices for Biodiesel. [online] eXtension.org [cit. 2016-12-2]. Available at: http://articles.extension.org/pages/54946/feedstock-yields-and-prices-for-biodiesel

Su Y., Zhang P., 2015. An overview of biofuels policies and industrialization in the major biofuel producing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50 (2015) 991–1003 [online] [cit. 2016-08-14].

The 6th International Specialized Exhibition, 2013. [online] [cit. 2016-09-1]. Available at: http://www.biofuel.agro-expo.com/BioFuel_Press_News.htm.

The Global Climate Legislation Study: Belarus, 2016. [online] LSE. [cit. 2016-11-1]. Available at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/GranthamInstitute/legislation/countries/belarus/

The largest producers of CO2 emissions worldwide in 2016, based on their share of global CO2 emissions [online]. STATISTA. The Statistics Portal, 2016 [cit. 2017-06-16]. Available at: http://www.statista.com/statistics/271748/the-largest-emitters-of-co2-in-the-world/

Trends in global CO2 emissions 2015 Report [online]. PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2015 [cit. 2016-08-29]. Available at: http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/news_docs/jrc-2015-trends-in-global-co2-emissions-2015-report-98184.pdf

Tullo, A., 2016. BP Will Exit Cellulosic Fuels. Chemical & Engineering News. [online] Cen.acs.org. ,[cit. 2016-08-29]. Available at: http://cen.acs.org/articles/92/i50/BP-Exit-Cellulosic-Fuels.html?type=paidArticleContent

Uglublennyj obzor politiky i program v sfere energoeffektivnosti, 2010. Sekretariat Energeticheskoj Hartii [online]. [cit. 2016-11-12]. Available at: http://belgium.mfa.gov.by/docs/belarus_ee_2013_rus.pdf

Vierhout, R. EU’s Struggle for E10. Ethanol Producer Magazine [online]. 2014 [cit. 2016-06-21]. Available at: http://www.ethanolproducer.com/articles/10797/euundefineds-struggle-for-e10

What is energy security? International Energy Agency [online]. [cit. 2016-04-11].Available at: https://www.iea.org/topics/energysecurity/subtopics/whatisenergysecurity/

World Bank Helps Belarus with Modernization of Energy Sector, 2014. World Bank [online] [cit. 2016-12-17]. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2014/03/31/world-bank-belarus-energy-sector

Ziolkowska J., Simon L., 2011."Biomass Ethanol Production Faces Challenges." ARE Update 14(6): 5-8. University of California Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics.