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Bottleneck congestion and residential location of heterogeneous commuters

Takayama, Yuki and Kuwahara, Masao (2017): Bottleneck congestion and residential location of heterogeneous commuters.

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Abstract

This study examines the effects of bottleneck congestion and an optimal time-varying congestion toll on the spatial structure of cities. We develop a model in which heterogeneous commuters choose departure times from home and residential locations in a monocentric city with a bottleneck located between a central downtown and an adjacent suburb. We then demonstrate that commuters sort themselves temporally and spatially on the basis of their value of travel time and their flexibility. Furthermore, we reveal that introducing an optimal congestion toll alters the urban spatial structure. We further demonstrate using an example that congestion tolling can lead to urban sprawl, which helps rich commuters but hurts poor commuters.

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