The impact of “anti-political” parties after the restoration of democracy in Greece and the challenge of confronting the crisi

Mavrozacharakis, Emmanouil and Tzagarakis, Stelios (2017): The impact of “anti-political” parties after the restoration of democracy in Greece and the challenge of confronting the crisi.

Abstract

There have been almost 40 years after the restoration of democracy in Greece and a peculiar prosperity, which was consciously cultivated by the leaders of political and economic elites, was promoted before the onset of the financial crisis. However, from the beginning of the financial recession, the temporal illusions have been revealed and the need of a complete transformation of the financial policies has been expressed, while a significant transformation of the entire political culture has started. Parties such as SYRIZA, Independent Greeks(ANEL) and Golden Dawn took advantage of the growing social discontent by propagating themselves as exponents of ordinary people and of their concerns or their fears, as the expression of resistance against an avoidable sellout of public values. However, crisis has exposed a number of successive truths which were elaborately hiding in the underbelly of the detaining political and socioeconomic system. These truths were exteriorized once it became clear that the foundations on which the Greek society was based after the restoration of democracy, were weak and insufficient to lead country towards a modern future.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: political change, crisis, Greece, populism
• Subjects: A - General Economics and Teaching > A1 - General Economics > A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values; A - General Economics and Teaching > A1 - General Economics > A14 - Sociology of Economics; F - International Economics > F0 - General; F - International Economics > F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization; F - International Economics > F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization > F66 - Labor; F - International Economics > F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization > F68 - Policy; H - Public Economics > H0 - General; H - Public Economics > H4 - Publicly Provided Goods; H - Public Economics > H4 - Publicly Provided Goods > H41 - Public Goods; H - Public Economics > H6 - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt; H - Public Economics > H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations; I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty; I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I3 - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty > I31 - General Welfare, Well-Being; P - Economic Systems > P1 - Capitalist Systems; P - Economic Systems > P1 - Capitalist Systems > P16 - Political Economy

References

Abedi, A. (2004),Anti-PoliticalEstablishmentParties. A ComparativeAnalysis,NewYork: Routledge.

Alogoskoufis, G. (2012), Greece’s Sovereign Debt Crisis: Retrospect and Prospect. Available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/42848/1/GreeSE%20No54.pdf(Accessed: 29/06/2016)

Bauman, Z. (2009), Leben als Konsum - Verlag Hamburger Edition, 2009 Flüchtige Zeiten. Leben in der Ungewissheit - Verlag Hamburger Edition.

Bauman,Z.(2010) ,From the society of producers to the society of consumers and of “wastes”, Available online at:http://spoudasterion.pblogs.gr/2010/02/576074. (Accessed: 10/06/2016) [In Greek].

Bertelsmann Stiftung (2015), Social Justice in the EU-Index Report 2015. Social Inclusion Monitor 2015, Available online at: https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/social-justice-index-101.pdf (Accessed: 21/06/2016).

Brunkhorst, H. (1992), Der Vorrang der Freiheit. John Rawls’ Idee des politischenLiberalismus, Available online at: http://www.zeit.de/1992/27/der-vorrangder-freiheit/komplettansicht(Accessed: 10/06/2016)

Cheliotis, L. K &Xenakis, S. (2016),“Punishment and political systems: State punitiveness in post-dictatorial Greece”,Punishment & Society 0(00) 1–33. Available online at: http://www.lcheliotis.net/ uploads /2/2/0/5/22057848/ punishment_and_political_syste ms_-_state_ punitiveness_ in_post-dictatorial_greece_Leonidas_ cheliotis_ and_ sappho_xenakis_-_final_proofs.pdf

Crescenci, T. (2012),Beyond the Keynesian Endpoint: Crushed by Credit and Deceived by Debt — He to revive the global economy, Pearson Education , FT Press,New Jersey

Chrysogelos, N. (2010), Greece could have saved 108 bn euros since 1974 if it had followed the European NATO member states' average in defence spending. Defence spending in Greece from 1974 to 2010 exceeds 250 bn euros. Available online at: http://www.sven-giegold.de/wp-content/uploads/ 2012/11/ militaryexpencesses.pdf (Accessed: 29/06/2016)

Ferrera, M. (1996), The ‘Southern model’ of welfare in Europe, Journal of European Social Policy, 6 (1): 17-37.

Ferrera, M. (2010), The South European Countries, in: Castles, F. G., Leibfried, S., Lewis, J., Obinger, H., Pierson, C. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the Welfare State, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 616-629.

García, M. &Karakatsanis, N. (2006), ‘Social Policy, Democracy and Citizenship in Southern Europe’ in R. Gunther, P.N. Diamantouros and D.A. Sotiropoulos,Democracy and the State in the New Southern Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 87-137

Katz, R. S.&Mair, P. (1992),“Changing models of party organization and party democracy: The emergence of the cartel party”,Party Politics 1 (1): 5–28.

Kazakos, P. (2010), “Memorandum: The Negotiation for the Reregulation of the Relations between Greece and European Communities.” In P. Panagiotopoulos& V. Vamvakas (Eds.). Greece in the 1980s: Social Political and Cultural Dictionary (pp. 334-336). Athens: To Perasma, (in Greek).

Kondylis, P. (2015), Parasiticsocialconsumerism. The mirror of Greece after the restoration of democracy, Availableonline at:http://www.anixneuseis.gr/?p=124264(Accessed: 17/06/2016)[In Greek].

Kotroyannos, D. (2016),Alexis Tsipras und der rhetorische Diskurs als Politik,Availableonline at: https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/70926/1/MPRA_paper_70926.pdf(Accessed: 18/06/2016)

Lavdas, K. A. (2005), “Interest Groups in Disjointed Corporatism: Social Dialogue in Greece and European ‘Competitive Corporatism’.” West European Politics 28, no. 2, March, 297-316.

Lavdas, Κ. (2013),The linnets and the political culture, Available online at http://newdeal.gr/οι-φλωροι-και-η-πολιτικη-κουλτουρα/(Accessed: 16/06/2016) [In Greek].

Lavdas, K. A.(2015), Greek Politics in hard times. Between Europe and an Imaginary Place. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. KAS Κάτοπτρον 1-21/01.2015 Available online at: http://www.kas.de/wf/doc/kas_40193-1522-230.pdf?150122083357 (Accessed: 29/06/2016)

Matsaganis, Μ. (2011), Social policy in difficult periods. Economic crisis, austerity and social protection, Athens: Kritiki [In Greek].

Matsaganis, M. (2013),The Greek Crisis: Social Impact and Policy Responses Available online at: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/id/10314.pdf(Accessed: 29/06/2016)

Matziorinis, K. (1993), "Greek economy at a turning point: Recent performance, current challenges and future prospect". Available online at:www.canbekeconomics.com, (Accessed: 29/06/2016)

Mavrozacharakis, E. (2015),Zum politischen Machtwechsel in Griechenland. Die Parlamentswahlen von Januar 2015 aus einem kritischen Blickwinkel,Availableonline at: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/62396/1/ MPRA_paper _ 62396.pdf(Accessed: 18/06/2016)

Mavrozacharakis, E.,Tzagkarakis, S.,Kamekis, A. (2013), Modern Populism in Greece, URN, Available online at: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar421887(Accessed: 18/06/2016)

Merten, H. L. (2012),Steuerflucht, Das Milliardengeschäft mit dem Schwarzgeld. Ein Insider packt aus.Linde Verlag Wien

Mitrakos, T. &Tsakloglou, P. (2012),“Inequality, povertyand material welfare: fromthepoliticalchange to the currentcrisis”, in Bank ofGreece (ed.), Socialpolicyandsocialcohesion in Greeceduringthecrisis, pg. 23 -64. [In Greek].

Moreno, L. (2000), The Spanishdevelopmentof Southern welfare, in: Kuhnle, S. (ed.), SurvivaloftheWelfare State, London: Routledge, 146-165.

Münchau, W. (2015),S.P.O.N. - Die Spur des Geldes: Warum linke Parteien in Europa scheitern,Available online at:http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/soziales/muenchau-warum-linke-parteien-ineuropa-scheitern-a-1051700.html(Accessed: 18/06/2016)

OECD (2014), Social Expenditure Update. Social spending is falling in some countries, but in many others it remains at historically high levels. Insights from the OECD Social Expenditure database (SOCX), November 2014. Available online at: https://www.oecd.org/els/ soc/OECD2014-Social-Expenditure-Update-Nov20148pages.pdf(Accessed: 25/06/2016)

Pappas, T. (2010),The causes of the Greek crisis are in Greek politics, Available online at: https://www.opendemocracy.net/openeconomy/takis-s-pappas/causes-ofgreek-crisis-are-in-greek-politics(Accessed: 22/06/2016)

Perez Diaz, V. and Rodriguez, J. C. (1994), Inertial choices: Spanish human resources policies and practices, Analistas Socio-Politicos Research Paper 2b, Madrid: Analystas Socio Politicos Research Center.

Prevelakis, G. (2016),The new necessary keynote address,Available online at: http://www.kathimerini.gr/852139/opinion/epikairothta/politikh/to-neo-anagkaiosyn8hma(Accessed: 19/06/2016)

Rawls, J. (1993),Political Liberalism, New York: Columbia University Press.

Skaperdas, S (2011), Seven Myths about the Greek Debt Crisis. Available online at: ttp://www.economics.uci.edu/files/docs/workingpapers/2011-2012/skaperdas-02.pdf, (Accessed: 29/06/2016)

Sotiropoulos, D. (2014), Democracy in Greece, Forty Years On. Available online at:https://eu.boell.org/en/2014/04/12/democracy-greece-forty-years(Accessed: 29/06/2016)

Standing, G (2011),The Precariat The New Dangerous Class, Bloomsbury Academic.

Tassis, C. D. (2015),“Transformation of Policies and Politics in Greece towardsand inside the European Union 1950-2012”,Review of History and Political Science December 2015, Vol. 3, No.2, pp. 41-49.

Vaughan-Whitehead, D. (2014), Introduction - "The European Social Model in times of Economic Crisis and Austerity Policies". In: Ryder, Guy (Ed): ILO –EU Conference: The European Social Model in times of Economic Crisis and Austerity Policies". ILO –Brussels, pp. S9-59

Wenar, L. (2010), John Rawls: Political Liberalism, Available online at: http://www.solon.org.gr/index.php/politiki-igesia-epikoinonia/129-politiki-igesiaepikoinonia/2223-rawls-politikos-fileleftherismos.html(Accessed: 10/06/2016)(In Greek)