Spécificités des déterminants des innovations environnementales : une approche appliquée aux PME

Pinget, Amandine (2016): Spécificités des déterminants des innovations environnementales : une approche appliquée aux PME. Published in:

Abstract

Understanding how companies innovate for positive environment impact and sustainable development is a crucial issue for business and society today. Yet, little is currently known about this particular kind of innovation. The objective of this thesis is to shed light on the specificities of environmental innovation for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of determinants and perceived barriers. The theoretical framework is based on the Porter’s Hypothesis in order to examine the effect of regulation. It is enriched by the RBV and KBV approaches to better take into account SMEs’ capabilities and resources in the adoption of environmental innovation. This research is based on three empirical articles and on a quantitative approach which mobilizes several econometric methods. This thesis contributes to three key findings: (1) Environmentally innovative SMEs perceive more barriers, in more intense and numerous ways, compared to others innovative or non-innovative SMEs; (2) Environmentally innovative SMEs utilize more external knowledge sources than other SMEs; (3) SMEs, like large firms, can adopt environmental innovations proactively because they possess certain capacities. These results lead to public policy and managerial recommendations for more widespread and more effective environmental innovation in SMEs.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Specificities of determinants for environmental innovation : an approach applied to SMEs
• Language: French
• Keywords: Environmental innovation, Technological innovation, Determinants, Barriers, Strategic profile, SMEs
• Subjects: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q55 - Technological Innovation

References

Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (1987). Innovation, market structure, and firm size. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 69(4), 567‑574.

Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (1988). Innovation in large and small firms: An empirical analysis. The American Economic Review, 78(4), 678‑690.

Acs, Z. J., & Audretsch, D. B. (1993). Analysing innovation output indicators: The US experience. In New concepts in innovation output measurement (pp. 10‑41). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

ADEME. (2011). Production industrielle et services - Éléments de contexte. En ligne http://www.ademe.fr/expertises/produire-autrement/production-industrielleservices/elements-contexte, consulté le 2 août 2016.

Aggeri, F. (1999). Environmental policies and innovation: A Knowledge-based perspective on cooperative approaches. Research Policy, 28(7), 699‑717.

Aggeri, F., & Godard, O. (2006). Les entreprises et le développement durable. Entreprises et Histoire, 45(4), 6‑19.

Aghion, P., Veugelers, R., & Hemous, D. (2009). No green growth without innovation. Bruegel Policy Brief, No 2009/07, Bruegel, Brussels.

Aghion, P., Veugelers, R., & Serre, C. (2009). Cold start for the green innovation machine. Bruegel Policy Contribution, No 2009/12, Bruegel, Brussels.

Aguilera-Caracuel, J., Hurtado-Torres, N. E., & Aragón-Correa, J. A. (2012). Does international experience help firms to be green? A Knowledge-based view of how international experience and organisational learning influence proactive environmental strategies. International Business Review, 21(5), 847‑861.

Alessandrini, P., Presbitero, A. F., & Zazzaro, A. (2010). Bank size or distance: What hampers innovation adoption by SMEs? Journal of Economic Geography, 10(6), 845‑881.

Ambec, S., & Barla, P. (2006). Can environmental regulations be good for business? An assessment of the Porter hypothesis. Energy Studies Review, 14(2), 42-62.

Ambec, S., & Lanoie, P. (2007). L’innovation au service de l’environnement et de la performance économique. INRA Sciences Sociale, No 6/07, février, 4 pages.

Ambec, S., & Lanoie, P. (2008). Does it pay to be green? A systematic overview. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 22(4), 45‑62.

Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1), 33‑46.

Andersen, M. M. (2008). Eco-innovation – Towards a taxonomy and a theory. In 25th Celebration DRUID Conference.

Antonioli, D., Mancinelli, S., & Mazzanti, M. (2013). Is environmental innovation embedded within high-performance organisational changes? The role of human resource management and complementarity in green business strategies. Research Policy, 42(4), 975‑988.

Aragón-Correa, J. A., Hurtado-Torres, N., Sharma, S., & García-Morales, V. J. (2008). Environmental strategy and performance in small firms: A Resource-based perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 86(1), 88‑103.

Aragón-Correa, J. A., & Leyva-de la Hiz, D. I. (2015). The influence of technology differences on corporate environmental patents: A Resource-based versus an institutional view of green innovations. Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(6),421-434.

Archer, M., Bhaskar, R., Collier, A., Lawson, T., & Norrie, A. (Eds). (2013). Critical Realism: Essential Readings. New York : Routledge.

Archibugi, D. (2001). Pavitt’s taxonomy sixteen years on: A review article. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 10(5), 415‑425.

Archibugi, D., & Planta, M. (1996). Measuring technological change through patents and innovation surveys. Technovation, 16(9), 451‑519.

Arimura, T., Hibiki, A., & Johnstone, N. (2007). An empirical study of environmental R&D: What encourages facilities to be environmentally innovative? In Environmental Policy and Corporate Behaviour (pp. 142‑173). OECD Publishing.

Arora, A., & Gambardella, A. (1990). Complementarity and external linkages: The strategies of the large firms in biotechnology. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 38(4), 361‑379.

Arundel, A., & Kemp, R. (2009). Measuring eco-innovation. United Nations University Working Paper Series. No. 2009/017, 1‑40.

Arundel, A., Kemp, R., & Parto, S. (2006). 21 Indicators for environmental innovation: what and how to measure. In The International Handbook on Environmental Technology Management (p. 324‑339). Edward Elgar Publishing.

Ashford, N. A. (1993). Understanding technological responses of industrial firms to environmental problems: Implications for government policy. In K. Fischer & J. Schot (Eds.), Environmental Strategies for Industry (p. 277‑307). Washington DC: Island Press.

Audretsch, B. (1998). Agglomeration and the location of innovative activity. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 14(2), 18‑29.

Audretsch, D. B., & Acs, Z. J. (1991). Innovation and size at the firm level. Southern Economic Journal, 57(3), 739‑744.

Azzone, G., Bertelè, U., & Noci, G. (1997). At last we are creating environmental strategies which work. Long Range Planning, 30(4), 478‑571.

Azzone, G., & Noci, G. (1998). Identifying effective PMSs for the deployment of « Green » manufacturing strategies. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 18(4), 308‑335.

Bahlmann, M. D., & Huysman, M. H. (2008). The emergence of a Knowledge-based view of clusters and its implications for cluster governance. The Information Society, 24(5), 304‑318.

Baldwin, J., & Lin, Z. (2002). Impediments to advanced technology adoption for Canadian manufacturers. Research Policy, 31(1), 1‑18.

Bansal, P. (2002). The corporate challenges of sustainable development. The Academy of Management Executive, 16(2), 122‑131.

Bansal, P., & Roth, K. (2000). Why companies go green: A model of ecological responsiveness. Academy of Management Journal, 43(4), 717‑736.

Baptista, R., & Swann, P. (1998). Do firms in clusters innovate more? Research Policy, 27(5), 525‑540.

Bapuji, H., Loree, D., & Crossan, M. (2011). Connecting external knowledge usage and firm performance: An empirical analysis. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 28(4), 215‑231.

Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99‑120.

Barsoumian, S., Severin, A., & van der Spek, T. (2011). Eco-innovation and national cluster policies in Europe. A qualitative review. Europe INNOVA, European Cluster Observatory, Brussels.

Bartelsman, E. J., & Doms, M. (2000). Understanding productivity: Lessons from longitudinal microdata. Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3), 569‑594.

Basile, R. (2001). Export behaviour of Italian manufacturing firms over the nineties: The role of innovation. Research Policy, 30(8), 1185‑1201.

Battisti, M., & Perry, M. (2011). Walking the talk? Environmental responsibility from the perspective of small‐business owners. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 18(3), 172‑185.

Baumard, P., Donada, C., Ibert, J., & Xuereb, J.-M. (2007). La collecte de données et la gestion de leurs sources. In R.-A. Thiétart et coll., Méthodes de recherche en management (3ème édition, p. 228‑262). Paris : Dunod.

Baumard, P., & Ibert, J. (2007). Quelles approches avec quelles données? In R.-A. Thiétart et coll., Méthodes de recherche en management (3ème édition, p. 84‑106). Paris : Dunod.

Baumol, W. J. (2002). The free-market innovation machine: Analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism. Princeton University Press.

Baylis, R., Connell, L., & Flynn, A. (1998). Company size, environmental regulation and ecological modernization: further analysis at the level of the firm. Business Strategy and the Environment, 7(5), 285‑296.

Beck, U. (1992). Modern society as a risk society. In Stehr N. & Ericson R. V. (Eds), The culture and power of knowledge: Inquiries into contemporary societies (p. 199‑214). Berlin : Walter de Gruyter.

Beise, M., & Rennings, K. (2005). Lead markets and regulation: a framework for analyzing the international diffusion of environmental innovations. Ecological Economics, 52(1), 5‑17.

Berrone, P., Fosfuri, A., Gelabert, L., & Gomez‐Mejia, L. R. (2013). Necessity as the mother of ‘Green’ inventions: Institutional pressures and environmental innovations. Strategic Management Journal, 34(8), 891‑909.

Bhaskar, R. (1979). The possibility of naturalism: A philosophic critique of the contemporary human sciences. Brighton : Harvester.

Bhaskar, R. (2009). Scientific realism and human emancipation. New York : Routledge.

Bianchi, R., & Noci, G. (1998). « Greening » SMEs’ competitiveness. Small Business Economics, 11(3), 269‑281.

Biondi, V., Iraldo, F., & Meredith, S. (2002). Achieving sustainability through environmental innovation: The role of SMEs. International Journal of Technology Management, 24(5‑6), 612‑626.

Blanchard, P., Huiban, J.-P., Musolesi, A., & Sevestre, P. (2013). Where there is a will, there is a way? Assessing the impact of obstacles to innovation. Industrial and Corporate Change, 22(3), 679‑710.

Blanes, J. V., & Busom, I. (2004). Who participates in R&D subsidy programs?: The case of Spanish manufacturing firms. Research Policy, 33(10), 1459‑1476.

Bocquet, R., Brion, S., & Mothe, C. (2013). Gouvernance et innovation au sein des technopôles. Revue Française de Gestion, 3(232), 101‑118.

Bocquet, R., & Dubouloz, S. (2013). Innovation organisationnelle. S’ouvrir pour innover plus? Revue Française de Gestion, 6(235), 129‑147.

Bocquet, R., Le Bas, C., Mothe, C., & Poussing, N. (2013). Are firms with different CSR profiles equally innovative? Empirical analysis with survey data. European Management Journal, 31(6), 642‑654.

Bocquet, R., & Mothe, C. (2008). Gouvernance et performance des pôles de PME. Revue Française de Gestion, 10(190), 101‑122.

Bocquet, R., & Mothe, C. (2010). Knowledge governance within clusters: the case of small firms. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, 8(3), 229‑239.

Bocquet, R., & Mothe, C. (2015). Le rôle de la gouvernance des clusters dans les capacités dynamiques d’absorption des PME. Management International/International Management/Gestiòn Internacional, 19(2), 171‑188.

Böhringer, C., Moslener, U., Oberndorfer, U., & Ziegler, A. (2012). Clean and productive? Empirical evidence from the German manufacturing industry. Research Policy, 41(2), 442‑451.

Boiral, O., Baron, C., & Gunnlaugson, O. (2014). Environmental leadership and consciousness development: A case study among Canadian SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 123(3), 363‑383.

Bos-Brouwers, H. E. J. (2010). Corporate sustainability and innovation in SMEs: Evidence of themes and activities in practice. Business Strategy and the Environment,19(7), 417‑435.

Bougrain, F., & Haudeville, B. (2002). Innovation, collaboration and SMEs internal research capacities. Research Policy, 31(5), 735‑747.

Bowen, H. R., & Johnson, F. E. (1953). Social responsibility of the businessman. New York : Harper and Row.

Brammer, S., Hoejmose, S., & Marchant, K. (2012). Environmental management in SMEs in the UK: Practices, pressures and perceived benefits. Business Strategy and the Environment, 21(7), 423‑434.

Branzei, O., Jennings, P. D., & Vertinsky, I. (2002). A Knowledge-based view of environmental performance in different cultural contexts: Canada, Japan, and China. In Academy of Management Conference (Organizations and the Natural Environment Division) : Denver.

Brìo, J. À. del, & Junquera, B. (2003). A review of the literature on environmental innovation management in SMEs: Implications for public policies. Technovation, 23(12), 939‑948.

Brundtland, G. H. (1987). Report of the world commission on environment and development: «Our common future.» Bruxelles : United Nations.

Brunnermeier, S. B., & Cohen, M. A. (2003). Determinants of environmental innovation in US manufacturing industries. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 45(2), 278‑293.

Burby, R. J. (1967). Lake oriented subdivisions in North Carolina: Decision factors and policy implications for urban growth patterns. Part I, Developer decisions. Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina. Report No. 9.

Bureau Van Dijk. (2016). Bureau Van Dijk - Orbis. En ligne http://www.bvdinfo.com/fr-fr/our-products/company-information/internationalproducts/orbis, consulté le 04 juillet 2016.

Busenitz, L. W., & Barney, J. B. (1997). Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1), 9‑30.

Buysse, K., & Verbeke, A. (2003). Proactive environmental strategies: A stakeholder management perspective. Strategic Management Journal, 24(5), 453‑470.

Cainelli, G., De Marchi, V., & Grandinetti, R. (2015). Does the development of environmental innovation require different resources? Evidence from Spanish Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 94(0), 211‑220.

Cainelli, G., Mazzanti, M., & Montresor, S. (2012). Environmental innovations, local networks and internationalization. Industry and Innovation, 19(8), 697‑734.

Cainelli, G., Mazzanti, M., & Zoboli, R. (2011). Environmental innovations, complementarity and local/global cooperation: Evidence from North-East Italian industry. International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, 11(3‑4), 328‑368.

Caliński, T., & Harabasz, J. (1974). A dendrite method for cluster analysis. Communications in Statistics-theory and Methods, 3(1), 1‑27.

Calleja, I., Delgado, L., Eder, P., Kroll, A., Lindblom, J., Van Wunnik, C., Wolf O., Gouarderes F., Langendorff, J. (2004). Promoting environmental technologies: Sectoral analysis, barriers and measures. Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Joint Research Centre European Commission, Report EUR 21001 EN.

Caloghirou, Y., Kastelli, I., & Tsakanikas, A. (2004). Internal capabilities and external knowledge sources: Complements or substitutes for innovative performance? Technovation, 24(1), 29‑39.

Calogirou, C., Sørensen, S. Y., Bjørn Larsen, P., & Alexopoulou, S. (2010). SMEs and the environment in the European Union. Main report, PLANET SA and Danish Technological Institute. Published by European Commission, DG Enterprise and Industry, 195p.

Capron, M., & Quairel-Lanoizelée, F. (2010). La responsabilité sociale d’entreprise. Paris : La découverte.

Carrillo-Hermosilla, J., Del Río González, P., & Könnölä, T. (2010). Diversity of eco-innovations: Reflections from selected case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 18(10), 1073‑1083.

Carrión-Flores, C. E., & Innes, R. (2010). Environmental innovation and environmental performance. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 59(1), 27‑42.

Carroll, A. B., & Shabana, K. M. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 85‑105.

Cassar, G., & Holmes, S. (2003). Capital structure and financing of SMEs: Australian evidence. Accounting & Finance, 43(2), 123‑147.

Cassiman, B., & Veugelers, R. (2006). In search of complementarity in innovation strategy: Internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition. Management Science, 52(1), 68‑82.

Castellacci, F. (2008). Technological paradigms, regimes and trajectories: Manufacturing and service industries in a new taxonomy of sectoral patterns of innovation. Research Policy, 37(6), 978‑994.

Cattaneo, M. D. (2010). Efficient semiparametric estimation of multi-valued treatment effects under ignorability. Journal of Econometrics, 155(2), 138‑154.

CCI Rhône-Alpes. (2012). Chiffres clés de Rhône-Alpes 2012. En ligne http://www.rhone-alpes.cci.fr/economie/chiffres/2012/chiffresRA2011-2012.pdf, consulté le 07 juillet 2016.

CCI Rhône-Alpes. (2015). Chiffres clés de Rhône-Alpes 2015. En ligne http://www.rhone-alpes.cci.fr/economie/chiffres/2015/cc-RA-2014-2015.pdf, consulté le 04 juillet 2016.

Cecere, G., Corrocher, N., Gossart, C., & Ozman, M. (2014). Lock-in and path dependence: An evolutionary approach to eco-innovations. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 24(5), 1037‑1065.

Chang, C.-H. (2011). The influence of corporate environmental ethics on competitive advantage: The mediation role of green innovation. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(3), 361‑370.

Charreire Petit, S. C., & Durieux, F. (2007). Explorer et tester les deux voies de la recherche. In R.-A. Thiétart et coll., Méthodes de recherche en management (3ème édition, p. 58‑83). Paris : Dunod.

Chen, Y.-S., Lai, S.-B., & Wen, C.-T. (2006). The influence of green innovation performance on corporate advantage in Taiwan. Journal of Business Ethics, 67(4), 331‑339.

Cheng, S., & Long, J. S. (2007). Testing for IIA in the multinomial logit model.

Sociological Methods & Research, 35(4), 583‑600. Chesbrough, H. W. (2003). Open innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from innovation. Cambridge, MA : Harvard Business School Press.

Chesbrough, H. W., Vanhaverbeke, W., & West, J. (2006). Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm. New York : Oxford University Press.

Chiarvesio, M., De Marchi, V., & Di Maria, E. (2015). Environmental innovations and internationalization: Theory and practices. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(8), 790‑801.

Clausen, T. H. (2008). Search pathways to innovation. Bodø, Norway: Nordland Research Institute. Working paper No. 20080311.

Clausen, T. H. (2013). External knowledge sourcing from innovation cooperation and the role of absorptive capacity: Empirical evidence from Norway and Sweden. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 25(1), 57‑70.

Cleff, T., & Rennings, K. (1999). Determinants of environmental product and process innovation. European Environment, 9(5), 191‑201.

Cleff, T., & Rennings, K. (2000). Determinants of environmental product and process innovation—Evidence from the Mannheim Innovation Panel and a follow-up telephone survey. In Innovation-Oriented Environmental Regulation: Theoretical Approaches and Empirical Analysis (p. 331‑347). Heidelberg : Physica-Verlag HD.

Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128‑152.

Cohen, W. M., Nelson, R. R., & Walsh, J. P. (2000). Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why US manufacturing firms patent (or not). National Bureau of Economic Research. Working paper No. 7552.

Commission des Communautés Européennes. (2001). Promouvoir un cadre européen pour la responsabilité sociale des entreprises. COM(2001) 366 final. Bruxelles.

Commission of the European Communities. (2003). Commission recommendation of 6 May 2003 (2003/361/EC) concerning the definition of small and medium-sized enterprises. Official Journal of the European Union.

Conner, K. R. (1991). A historical comparison of Resource-based theory and five schools of thought within industrial organization economics: Do we have a new theory of the firm? Journal of Management, 17(1), 121‑154.

Coombs, R., & Miles, I. (2000). Innovation, measurement and services: The new problematique. In J.S. Metcalfe and I. Miles (Eds.), Innovation Systems in the Service Economy (p. 85‑103). Springer.

COP21. (2016). COP21 | United Nations conference on climate change. En ligne http://www.cop21.gouv.fr/, consulté le 1er août 2016.

Costantini, V., Crespi, F., Martini, C., & Pennacchio, L. (2015). Demand-pull and technology-push public support for eco-innovation: The case of the biofuels sector. Research Policy, 44(3), 577‑595.

Cuerva, M. C., Triguero-Cano, Á., & Córcoles, D. (2014). Drivers of green and nongreen innovation: Empirical evidence in low-tech SMEs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 68, 104–113.

Danone. (2016). Danone: Entreprise agroalimentaire mondiale. En ligne http://www.danone.com/, consulté le 24 août 2016.

Darnall, N. (2009). Regulatory stringency, green production offsets, and organizations’ financial performance. Public administration review, 69(3), 418‑434.

Darnall, N., Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. (2010). Adopting proactive environmental strategy: The influence of stakeholders and firm size. Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), 1072‑1094.

Davenport, S. (2005). Exploring the role of proximity in SME knowledge-acquisition. Research Policy, 34(5), 683‑701.

De Jong, J. P., & Marsili, O. (2006). The fruit flies of innovations: A taxonomy of innovative small firms. Research Policy, 35(2), 213‑229.

De Marchi, V. (2012). Environmental innovation and R&D cooperation: Empirical evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms. Research Policy, 41(3), 614–623.

De Marchi, V., & Grandinetti, R. (2013). Knowledge strategies for environmental innovations: The case of Italian manufacturing firms. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(4), 569‑582.

Dean, T. J., & Brown, R. L. (1995). Pollution regulation as a barrier to new firm entry: Initial evidence and implications for future research. Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), 288‑303.

Dean, T. J., Brown, R. L., & Bamford, C. E. (1998). Differences in large and small firm responses to environmental context: Strategic implications from a comparative analysis of business formations. Strategic Management Journal, 19(8), 709‑728.

Del Río González, P. (2005). Analysing the factors influencing clean technology adoption: A study of the Spanish pulp and paper industry. Business Strategy and the Environment, 14(1), 20‑37.

Del Río González, P. (2009). The empirical analysis of the determinants for environmental technological change: A research agenda. Ecological Economics, 68(3), 861‑878.

Del Río González, P., Peñasco, C., & Romero-Jordán, D. (2015). Distinctive features of environmental innovators: An econometric analysis. Business Strategy and the Environment, 24(6), 361‑385.

Del Río González, P., Peñasco, C., & Romero-Jordán, D. (2016). What drives ecoinnovators? A critical review of the empirical literature based on econometric methods. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112(4), 2158‑2170.

D’Este, P., Iammarino, S., Savona, M., & von Tunzelmann, N. (2012). What hampers innovation? Revealed barriers versus deterring barriers. Research Policy, 41(2), 482‑488.

Di Stefano, G., Gambardella, A., & Verona, G. (2012). Technology push and demand pull perspectives in innovation studies: Current findings and future research directions. Research Policy, 41(8), 1283‑1295.

Díaz-García, C., González-Moreno, Á., & Sáez-Martínez, F. J. (2015). Ecoinnovation: Insights from a literature review. Innovation, 17(1), 6‑23.

DiMaggio, P., & Powell, W. W. (1983). The iron cage revisited: Collective rationality and institutional isomorphism in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2), 147‑160.

Direction Générale des Entreprises. (2016). Le crédit impôt innovation | Direction Générale des Entreprises (DGE). En ligne http://www.entreprises.gouv.fr/politique-etenjeux/credit-impot-innovation, consulté le 17 septembre 2016.

Doran, J., & Ryan, G. (2012). Regulation and firm perception, eco-innovation and firm performance. European Journal of Innovation Management, 15(4), 421‑441.

Drake, F., Purvis, M., & Hunt, J. (2004). Meeting the environmental challenge: A case of win–win or lose–win? A study of the UK baking and refrigeration industries. Business Strategy and the Environment, 13(3), 172‑186.

Driessen, P. H., & Hillebrand, B. (2002). Adoption and diffusion of green innovations. In Bartels G.C. & Nelissen W. J. A. (Eds), Marketing for sustainability: towards transactional policy-making (p. 343‑355). Amsterdam : IOS Press.

Drucker-Godard, C., Elhinger, S., & Grenier, C. (2007). Validité et fiabilité de la recherche. In R.-A. Thiétart et coll., Méthodes de recherche en management (3ème édition, p. 263‑293). Paris : Dunod.

Edgar, European Commission. (2015). EUROPA - EDGAR Overview. En ligne http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=CO2ts1990-2014, consulté le 22 août 2016.

Eiadat, Y., Kelly, A., Roche, F., & Eyadat, H. (2008). Green and competitive? An empirical test of the mediating role of environmental innovation strategy. Journal of World Business, 43(2), 131‑145.

Ekberg, M. (2007). The parameters of the risk society. A review and exploration. Current sociology, 55(3), 343‑366.

Ekins, P. (2010). Eco-innovation for environmental sustainability: Concepts, progress and policies. International Economics and Economic Policy, 7(2-3), 267‑290.

European Commission. (2004). Stimulating technologies for sustainable development: An environmental technologies action plan for the European Union. COM (2004) 38 final. Brussels.

European Commission. (2016a). Environment Action Programme - European Commission. En ligne http://ec.europa.eu/environment/action-programme/, consulté le 02 août 2016.

European Commission. (2016b). EU Ecolabel - Environment - European Commission. En ligne http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel/, consulté le 29 août 2016.

Eurostat. (2015). Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_economic_activity,_2012_(thousand_tonnes_of_CO2_equivalents)_YB15-fr.png. En ligne http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/images/d/de/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_economic_activity%2C_2012_%28thousand_tonnes_of_CO2_equivalents%29_YB15-fr.png, consulté le 02 août 2016.

Eurostat. (2016a). Community Innovation Survey (CIS). En ligne http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/community-innovation-survey, consulté le 04 juillet 2016.

Eurostat. (2016b). Glossaire: Enquête communautaire sur l’innovation (CIS) - Statistics explained. En ligne http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php/Glossary:Community_innovation_survey_(CIS)/fr, consulté le 10 septembre 2016.

Evangelista, R., & Vezzani, A. (2010). The economic impact of technological and organizational innovations. A firm-level analysis. Research Policy, 39(10), 1253‑1263.

Everitt, B. S. (1993). Cluster analysis. London : Edward Arnold and Halsted Press.

Feldman, M. P. (1994). Knowledge complementarity and innovation. Small Business Economics, 6(5), 363‑372.

Fleetwood, S., & Ackroyd, S. (2004). Critical realist applications in organisation and management studies. London : Routledge.

Florida, R. (1996). Lean and green: The move to environmentally conscious manufacturing. California Management Review, 39(1), 80‑105.

Fondation d’entreprise Alcen pour la connaissance des énergies. (2016). Émissions mondiales de CO2 : état des lieux. En ligne http://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/emissions-mondiales-de-co2-etat-des-lieux-160404, consulté le 22 août 2016.

Ford, J. A., Steen, J., & Verreynne, M.-L. (2014). How environmental regulations affect innovation in the Australian oil and gas industry: Going beyond the Porter hypothesis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 84, 204‑213.

Foxon, T., & Pearson, P. (2008). Overcoming barriers to innovation and diffusion of cleaner technologies: Some features of a sustainable innovation policy regime. Journal of Cleaner Production, 16(1), S148‑S161.

Freel, M. S. (2000). Barriers to product innovation in small manufacturing firms. International Small Business Journal, 18(2), 60‑80.

Frishammar, J., & Hörte, S. Å. (2005). Managing external information in manufacturing firms: The impact on innovation performance. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22(3), 251‑266.

Frölich, M. (2004). Programme evaluation with multiple treatments. Journal of Economic Surveys, 18(2), 181‑224.

Frondel, M., Horbach, J., & Rennings, K. (2004). End-of-pipe or cleaner production? An empirical comparison of environmental innovation decisions across OECD countries. ZEW – Centre for European Economic Research. Discussion paper No. 04‑082.

Frondel, M., Horbach, J., & Rennings, K. (2008). What triggers environmental management and innovation? Empirical evidence for Germany. Ecological Economics, 66(1), 153‑160.

Frondel, M., Horbach, J., Rennings, K., & Requate, T. (2004). Environmental policy tools and firm-level management practices: Empirical evidence for Germany. ChristianAlbrechts-Universität Kiel, Department of Economics. Economics working paper No. 2004,02

Gabler, C. B., Butler, T. D., & Adams, F. G. (2013). The environmental beliefbehaviour gap: Exploring barriers to green consumerism. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 12(2‑3), 159‑176.

Gadenne, D. L., Kennedy, J., & McKeiver, C. (2009). An empirical study of environmental awareness and practices in SMEs. Journal of Business Ethics, 84(1), 45‑63.

Galia, F., & Legros, D. (2004). Complementarities between obstacles to innovation: Evidence from France. Research Policy, 33(8), 1185‑1199.

Galliano, D., & Nadel, S. (2013). Les déterminants de l’adoption de l’éco-innovation selon le profil stratégique de la firme: Le cas des firmes industrielles françaises. Revue d’Economie Industrielle, 142(2), 77‑110.

Ganotakis, P., & Love, J. H. (2012). The innovation value chain in new technologybased firms: Evidence from the U.K. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(5), 839‑860.

Gasmi, N., & Grolleau, G. (2003). Spécificités des innovations environnementales. Innovations, 18(2), 73‑89.

Gavard-Perret, M.-L., Gotteland, D., Haon, C., & Jolibert, A. (2008). Méthodologie de la recherche. Paris : Pearson Education France.

Gavard-Perret, M.-L., Gotteland, D., Haon, C., & Jolibert, A. (2012). Méthodologie de la recherche en sciences de gestion. Paris : Pearson Education France.

Ghisetti, C., Marzucchi, A., & Montresor, S. (2013). Does external knowledge affect environmental innovations? An empirical investigation of eleven European countries. CSIC-UPV - Instituto de Gestión de la Innovación y del Conocimiento (INGENIO). Working paper No. 2013/01.

Ghisetti, C., Marzucchi, A., & Montresor, S. (2015). The open eco-innovation mode. An empirical investigation of eleven European countries. Research Policy, 44(5), 1080‑1093.

Ghisetti, C., Mazzanti, M., Mancinelli, S., & Zoli, M. (2015). Do financial constraints make the environment worse off? Understanding the effects of financial barriers on environmental innovations. SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies. Working paper No. 1/2015.

Gilli, M., Mancinelli, S., & Mazzanti, M. (2014). Innovation complementarity and environmental productivity effects: Reality or delusion? Evidence from the EU. Ecological Economics, 103, 56‑67.

Giunipero, L. C., Hooker, R. E., & Denslow, D. (2012). Purchasing and supply management sustainability: Drivers and barriers. Sustainable Procurement, 18(4), 258‑269.

Gouvernement.fr. (2015). L’industrie en France. En ligne http://www.gouvernement.fr/partage/3813-l-industrie-en-france, consulté le 02 août 2016.

Grant, R. M. (1991). The Resource-based theory of competitive advantage: Implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114‑135.

Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a Knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 109‑122.

Grant, R. M. (2015). Knowledge-based view. Wiley Encyclopedia of Management, 12, 1‑2.

Grenier, C., & Josserand, E. (2007). Recherches sur le contenu et recherches sur le processus. In R.-A. Thiétart et coll., Méthodes de recherche en management (3ème édition, p. 107‑139). Paris : Dunod.

Grilliches, Z. (1990). Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey part I. National Bureau of Economic Research. Working paper No. 3301.

Grimpe, C., & Kaiser, U. (2010). Balancing internal and external knowledge acquisition: The gains and pains from R&D outsourcing. Journal of Management Studies, 47(8), 1483‑1509.

Grolleau, G., Mzoughi, N., & Pekovic, S. (2015). Environmental management practices: Good or bad news for innovations delivering environmental benefits? The moderating effect of market characteristics. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 24(4), 339‑359.

Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Trade, knowledge spillovers, and growth. European Economic Review, 35(2–3), 517‑526.

Groundwork Foundation. (1995). Small firms and the environment: A Groundwork status report. Groundwork Foundation.

Gupta, M. C. (1995). Environmental management and its impact on the operations function. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 15(8), 34‑51.

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & William, C. (1998). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ : Prentice.

Halila, F. (2007). Networks as a means of supporting the adoption of organizational innovations in SMEs: The case of Environmental Management Systems (EMSs) based on ISO 14001. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 14(3), 167-181.

Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C. K. (2005). Strategic intent. Harvard Business Review, 83(7), 148‑161.

Hansen, E. G., & Klewitz, J. (2012). The role of an SME’s green strategy in publicprivate eco-innovation initiatives: The case of Ecoprofit. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 25(4), 451‑477.

Hansen, M. T. (1999). The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1), 82‑111.

Hart, S. L. (1995). A Natural-Resource-based view of the firm. The Academy of Management Review, 20(4), 986‑1014. Hart, S. L., & Dowell, G. (2011). Invited editorial: A Natural-Resource-based view of the firm: Fifteen years after. Journal of Management, 37(5), 1464‑1479.

Hausman, A. (2005). Innovativeness among small businesses: Theory and propositions for future research. Industrial Marketing Management, 34(8), 773‑782.

Hausman, J., & McFadden, D. (1984). Specification tests for the multinomial logit model. Econometrica, 52(5), 1219‑1240.

Hemmelskamp, J. (1997). Environmental policy instruments and their effects on innovation. European Planning Studies, 5(2), 177‑194.

Hemmelskamp, J. (1999). The influence of environmental policy on innovative behaviour: An econometric study. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. Working paper No. 18.99.

Henriques, I., & Sadorsky, P. (1996). The determinants of an environmentally responsive firm: An empirical approach. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 30(3), 381‑395.

Hessels, J., & Parker, S. C. (2013). Constraints, internationalization and growth: A cross-country analysis of European SMEs. Journal of World Business, 48(1), 137‑148.

Heunks, F. J. (1998). Innovation, creativity and success. Small Business Economics, 10(3), 263‑272.

Hillary, R. (1995). Developments in environmental auditing. Managerial Auditing Journal, 10(8), 34‑39.

Hillary, R. (2000). Small and medium-sized enterprises and the environment: Business imperatives. Sheffield : Greenleaf Publishing.

Hirano, K., Imbens, G. W., & Ridder, G. (2003). Efficient estimation of average treatment effects using the estimated propensity score. Econometrica, 71(4), 1161‑1189.

Hitt, I., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson R. E. (1997). Strategic management: Competitiveness and globalization. St. Paul : West.

Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., Johnson, R. A., & Moesel, D. D. (1996). The market for corporate control and firm innovation. The Academy of Management Journal, 39(5), 1084‑1119.

Hoffman, K., Parejo, M., Bessant, J., & Perren, L. (1998). Small firms, R&D, technology and innovation in the UK: A literature review. Technovation, 18(1), 39‑55.

Hojnik, J., & Ruzzier, M. (2015). What drives eco-innovation? A review of an emerging literature. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 19, 31‑41.

Hölzl, W., & Friesenbichler, K. S. (2010). High-growth firms, innovation and the distance to the frontier. Economics Bulletin, 30(2), 1016‑1024.

Hölzl, W., & Janger, J. (2014). Distance to the frontier and the perception of innovation barriers across European countries. Research Policy, 43(4), 707‑725.

Hoogendoorn, B., Guerra, D., & van der Zwan, P. (2015). What drives environmental practices of SMEs? Small Business Economics, 44(4), 759‑781.

Hopkins, M. S., Townend, A., Khayat, Z., Balagopal, B., Reeves, M., & Berns, M. (2009). The business of sustainability: What it means to managers now. MIT Sloan Management Review, 51(1), 20‑26.

Hopwood, B., Mellor, M., & O’Brien, G. (2005). Sustainable development: Mapping different approaches. Sustainable Development, 13(1), 38‑52.

Horbach, J. (2008). Determinants of environmental innovation? New evidence from German panel data sources. Research Policy, 37(1), 163‑173.

Horbach, J. (2014). Determinants of eco-innovation from a European-wide perspective—An analysis based on the community innovation survey (CIS). SEEDS, Sustainability Environmental Economics and Dynamics Studies. Working paper No. 7/2014.

Horbach, J. (2016). Empirical determinants of eco-innovation in European countries using the Community Innovation Survey. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 19, 1‑14.

Horbach, J., Oltra, V., & Belin, J. (2013). Determinants and specificities of ecoinnovations compared to other innovations—An econometric analysis for the French and German industry based on the community innovation survey. Industry and Innovation, 20(6), 523‑543.

Horbach, J., Rammer, C., & Rennings, K. (2012). Determinants of eco-innovations by type of environmental impact — The role of regulatory push/pull, technology push and market pull. Ecological Economics, 78, 112‑122.

Horváthová, E. (2010). Does environmental performance affect financial performance? A meta-analysis. Ecological Economics, 70(1), 52‑59.

Hughes, A. (2001). Innovation and business performance: Small entrepreneurial firms in the UK and the EU. New Economy, 8(3), 157‑163.

Hunt, S. D. (1990). Truth in marketing theory and research. The Journal of Marketing, 1‑15.

Hunt, S. D., & Hansen, J. M. (2009). The philosophical foundations of marketing research: For scientific realism and truth. In Maclaran P., Saren M., Stern B. & Tadajewski M. (Eds), The Sage Handbook of Marketing Theory (pp. 111‑126). Sage.

Huppes, G., Kleijn, R., Huele, R., Ekins, P., Shaw, B., Esders, M., & Schaltegger, S. (2008). Measuring eco-innovation: framework and typology of indicators based on causal chains: final report of the ECODRIVE Project. ECODRIVE Report to the European Commission, Leiden, London, Lüneburg.

Hyytinen, A., & Toivanen, O. (2005). Do financial constraints hold back innovation and growth?: Evidence on the role of public policy. Research Policy, 34(9), 1385‑1403.

Iammarino, S., Sanna-Randaccio, F., & Savona, M. (2009). The perception of obstacles to innovation. Foreign multinationals and domestic firms in Italy. Revue d’Economie Industrielle, 125, 75‑104.

Imbens, G. W. (2004). Nonparametric estimation of average treatment effects under exogeneity: A review. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86(1), 4‑29.

Imbens, G. W., & Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). Recent developments in the econometrics of program evaluation. Journal of Economic Literature, 47(1), 5‑86.

Inoue, E., Arimura, T. H., & Nakano, M. (2013). A new insight into environmental innovation: Does the maturity of environmental management systems matter? Ecological Economics, 94, 156‑163.

INSEE. (2008a). INSEE - Entreprises - Enquête communautaire sur l’innovation en 2008 - Données détaillées de l’enquête communautaire sur l’innovation 2008. En ligne http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=ir-cis2008, consulté le 1er août 2016.

INSEE. (2008b). Petite et moyenne entreprise/PME. En ligne http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/default.asp?page=definitions/petite-moyenneentreprise.htm, consulté le 05 juillet 2016.

INSEE. (2009). Caractéristiques comptables, financières et d’emploi des unités légales en 2009. En ligne http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/detail.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=esane-2009, consulté le 05 juillet 2016.

INSEE. (2011). Taux d’innovation des entreprises : l’industrie ne manque pas d’atouts. INSEE. INSEE. (2014). Insee - Économie - Exportations et importations par groupe de produits en 2015. En ligne http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=NATTEF08464, consulté le 02 août 2016.

INSEE. (2016a). INSEE - Économie - Importations - Exportations. En ligne http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=T15F141, consulté le 02 août 2016.

INSEE. (2016b). INSEE - Entreprises - Recherche & Développement. En ligne http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?reg_id=0&ref_id=T16F161, consulté le 02 août 2016.

Jabbour, C. J. C., & Santos, F. C. A. (2006). The evolution of environmental management within organizations: Toward a common taxonomy. Environmental Quality Management, 16(2), 43‑59.

Jaffe, A. B., Newell, R. G., & Stavins, R. N. (2002). Environmental policy and technological change. Environmental and Resource Economics, 22(1), 41‑70.

Jaffe, A. B., Newell, R. G., & Stavins, R. N. (2005). A tale of two market failures: Technology and environmental policy. Ecological Economics, 54(2), 164‑174.

Jaffe, A. B., & Palmer, K. (1997). Environmental regulation and innovation: A panel data study. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 79(4), 610‑619.

Jain, A. K. (2010). Data clustering: 50 years beyond K-means. Pattern Recognition Letters, 31(8), 651‑666.

Jenkins, H. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and the mining industry: Conflicts and constructs. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 11(1), 23‑34.

Kafouros, M. I., Buckley, P. J., Sharp, J. A., & Wang, C. (2008). The role of internationalization in explaining innovation performance. Technovation, 28(1–2),63‑74.

Kammerer, D. (2009). The effects of customer benefit and regulation on environmental product innovation: Empirical evidence from appliance manufacturers in Germany. Ecological Economics, 68(8–9), 2285‑2295.

Keizer, J. A., Dijkstra, L., & Halman, J. I. M. (2002). Explaining innovative efforts of SMEs: An exploratory survey among SMEs in the mechanical and electrical engineering sector in the Netherlands. Technovation, 22(1), 1‑13.

Kemp, R. (1997). Environmental policy and technical change: A comparison of the technological impact of policy instruments. Cheltenham, UK : Edward Elgar Publishing.

Kemp, R. (2010). Eco-innovation: Definition, measurement and open research issues. Economia Politica, 27(3), 397‑420.

Kemp, R., Arundel, A., & Smith, K. (2001). Survey indicators for environmental innovation. Communication présentée à la conférence « Towards Environmental Innovation Systems », Garmisch-Partenkirchen.

Kemp, R., & Pontoglio, S. (2011). The innovation effects of environmental policy instruments — A typical case of the blind men and the elephant? Ecological Economics, 72, 28‑36.

Kemp, R., Smith, K., & Becher, G. (2000). How should we study the relationship between environmental regulation and innovation? In Innovation-oriented environmental regulation (pp. 43‑66). ZEW Economic Studies, 10.

Kemp, R., & Soete, L. (1990). Inside the ’Green Box’: On the economics of technological change and the environment. In C. Freeman & L. Soete (Eds), New explorations in the economics of technical change (pp. 245‑257). London : Pinter.

Kesidou, E., & Demirel, P. (2012). On the drivers of eco-innovations: Empirical evidence from the UK. Research Policy, 41(5), 862‑870.

Ketata, I., Sofka, W., & Grimpe, C. (2015). The role of internal capabilities and firms’ environment for sustainable innovation: Evidence for Germany. R&D Management, 45(1), 60‑75.

Khanna, M., Deltas, G., & Harrington, D. R. (2009). Adoption of pollution prevention techniques: The role of management systems and regulatory pressures. Environmental and Resource Economics, 44(1), 85‑106.

Kleinknecht, A., Van Montfort, K., & Brouwer, E. (2002). The non-trivial choice between innovation indicators. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 11(2), 109‑121.

Klemmer, P., Lehr, U., & Lobbe, K. (1999). Innovation effects of environmental policy instruments. Berlin : Analytica.

Klewitz, J., & Hansen, E. G. (2012). Eco-Innovation in SMEs: An in-depth case analysis of transforming SMEs through effective partnerships. Luneburg, Germany : Centre for Sustainability Management (CSM).

Klewitz, J., & Hansen, E. G. (2014). Sustainability-oriented innovation of SMEs: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 65, 57‑75.

Kneller, R., & Manderson, E. (2012). Environmental regulations and innovation activity in UK manufacturing industries. Resource and Energy Economics, 34(2), 211‑235.

Kogut, B., & Zander, U. (1992). Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organization Science, 3(3), 383‑397.

Konar, S., & Cohen, M. A. (2001). Does the market value environmental performance? Review of Economics and Statistics, 83(2), 281‑289.

Kor, Y. Y., & Mahoney, J. T. (2004). Edith Penrose’s (1959) contributions to the Resource‑based view of strategic management. Journal of Management Studies, 41(1), 183‑191.

Kor, Y. Y., Mahoney, J. T., & Michael, S. C. (2007). Resources, capabilities and entrepreneurial perceptions. Journal of Management Studies, 44(7), 1187‑1212.

Kropko, J. (2007). Choosing between multinomial logit and multinomial probit models for analysis of unordered choice data. Ann Arbor, USA : ProQuest.

Kuhn, T. (1991). Scientific revolutions. In R. Boyd, P. Gasper, & J. D. Trout, The philosophy of science (pp. 139‑158). Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

Kunapatarawong, R., & Martìnez-Ros, E. (2014). A resource pool for environmental innovation. Madrid, Spain : Universidad Carlos III. Working paper No. 14‑03.

Laforet, S. (2008). Size, strategic, and market orientation affects on innovation. Journal of Business Research, 61(7), 753‑764.

Lanoie, P., Laurent-Lucchetti, J., Johnstone, N., & Ambec, S. (2011). Environmental policy, innovation and performance: New insights on the Porter hypothesis. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 20(3), 803‑842.

L’Arbre Vert. (2016). Accueil - L’Arbre Vert. En ligne http://www.arbrevert.fr/, consulté le 29 août 2016.

Larson, A. L. (2000). Sustainable innovation through an entrepreneurship lens. Business Strategy and the Environment, 9(5), 304‑317.

Lauriol, J. (2004). Le développement durable à la recherche d’un corps de doctrine. Revue Française de Gestion, 5(152), 137‑150.

Laursen, K., & Salter, A. (2006). Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strategic Management Journal, 27(2), 131‑150.

Le Bas, C., Poussing, N., & Haned, N. (2010). Innovation, leadership technologique et comportements de responsabilité sociale. Une exploration sur données d’entreprises. Economies et Sociétés, 12(8), 1363‑1385.

Le Bas, C., & Poussing, N. (2010). Existe-t’il une relation entre RSE/innovation? Exploitation empirique sur données luxembourgeoises. Luxembourg : LISER. Working paper No. 2010‑11.

Leonidou, L. C., Christodoulides, P., & Thwaites, D. (2016). External determinants and financial outcomes of an eco‑friendly orientation in smaller manufacturing firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 5‑25.

Lhuillery, S., Marino, M., & Parrotta, P. (2013). Evaluation de l’impact des aides directes et indirectes à la R&D en France. Paris : Rapport pour le Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche.

Liao, J., Welsch, H., & Stoica, M. (2003). Organizational absorptive capacity and responsiveness: An empirical investigation of growth-oriented SMEs. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(1), 63‑85.

Lichtenthaler, U., & Lichtenthaler, E. (2009). A capability-based framework for open innovation: Complementing absorptive capacity. Journal of Management Studies, 46(8), 1315‑1338.

Love, J. H., & Roper, S. (2002). Internal versus external R&D: A study of R&D choice with sample selection. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 9(2), 239‑255.

Madrid‑Guijarro, A., Garcia, D., & Van Auken, H. (2009). Barriers to innovation among Spanish manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Small Business Management, 47(4), 465‑488.

Mairesse, J., & Mohnen, P. (2005). The importance of R&D for innovation: A reassessment using French survey data. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 30(1‑2), 183‑197.

Mairesse, J., & Mohnen, P. (2010). Using innovation surveys for econometric analysis. In B. H. Hall, & N. Rosenberg (Eds), Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, Volume II (p. 1129‑1155). Amsterdam and New York : Elsevier.

Malerba, F. (Ed.). (2004). Sectoral systems of innovation: Concepts, issues and analyses of six major sectors in Europe. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press.

Marin, G., Marzucchi, A., & Zoboli, R. (2014). SMEs and barriers to eco-innovation in the EU: Exploring different firm profiles. CSIC-UPV - Instituto de Gestión de la Innovación y del Conocimiento (INGENIO). Working paper No. 2014/04.

Marin, G., Marzucchi, A., & Zoboli, R. (2015). SMEs and barriers to eco-innovation in the EU: Exploring different firm profiles. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 25(3), 671‑705.

Martin, O. (2012). L’analyse quantitative des données (3ème édition). Paris : Armand Colin.

Martinet, A. C. (1990). Grandes questions épistémologiques et sciences de gestion. In Epistémologies et sciences de gestion (pp. 9‑29). Paris : Economica.

Martín-Tapia, I., Aragón-Correa, J. A., & Rueda-Manzanares, A. (2010). Environmental strategy and exports in medium, small and micro-enterprises. Journal of World Business, 45(3), 266‑275.

Mazzanti, M., & Zoboli, R. (2006). Examining the factors influencing environmental innovations. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei. Working paper No. 20.2006.

Mazzarol, T., Reboud, S., & Volery, T. (2010). The influence of size, age and growth on innovation management in small firms. International Journal of Technology Management, 52(1/2), 98‑117.

Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., & Behrens, W. W. (1972). The limits to growth (Vol. 102). New York, NY: New American Library.

Meyer, J. W., & Rowan, B. (1977). Institutionalized organizations: Formal structure as myth and ceremony. American Journal of Sociology, 83(2), 340‑363.

Michaelas, N., Chittenden, F., & Poutziouris, P. (1999). Financial policy and capital structure choice in UK SMEs: Empirical evidence from company panel data. Small Business Economics, 12(2), 113‑130.

Miller, K. D., & Tsang, E. W. K. (2011). Testing management theories: Critical realist philosophy and research methods. Strategic Management Journal, 32(2), 139‑158.

Ministère de l’Ecologie, du Développement durable et de l’Energie. (2013). EMAS : Votre engagement pour l’environnement. En ligne http://www.developpementdurable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/EMAS.pdf, consulté le 02 août 2016.

Ministère de l’Environnement. (2016). Actions de l’État - Ministère de l’Environnement, de l’Energie et de la Mer. En ligne http://www.developpementdurable.gouv.fr/-Actions-de-l-Etat-.html, consulté le 1er août 2016.

Mir, R., & Watson, A. (2001). Critical realism and constructivism in strategy research: Toward a synthesis. Strategic Management Journal, 22(12), 1169‑1173.

Mirata, M., & Emtairah, T. (2005). Industrial symbiosis networks and the contribution to environmental innovation: The case of the Landskrona industrial symbiosis programme. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(10), 993‑1002.

Mohnen, P., Palm, F. C., Van Der Loeff, S. S., & Tiwari, A. (2008). Financial constraints and other obstacles: Are they a threat to innovation activity? De Economist, 156(2), 201‑214.

Mohnen, P., & Röller, L.-H. (2005). Complementarities in innovation policy. European Economic Review, 49(6), 1431‑1450.

Mohnen, P., & Rosa, J. M. (2002). Barriers to innovation in service industries in Canada. In M. Feldman & N. Massard (Eds.), Institutions and systems in the geography of Innovation (Vol. 25, pp. 231‑250). Boston : Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Morgan, S. L., & Harding, D. J. (2006). Matching estimators of causal effects prospects and pitfalls in theory and practice. Sociological Methods & Research, 35(1),3‑60.

Mothe, C., Nguyen-Thi, U. T., & Nguyen-Van, P. (2015). Complementarities in organizational innovation practices: Evidence from French industrial firms. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 24(6), 569‑595.

Nelson, R. R. (1959). The simple economics of basic economic research. Journal of Political Economy, 67(3), 297‑306.

Nelson R, R., & Winter S. G. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge.

Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (2002). Evolutionary theorizing in economics. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(2), 23‑46.

Noci, G., & Verganti, R. (1999). Managing ‘Green’ product innovation in small firms. R&D Management, 29(1), 3‑15.

Noël, L. (1905). Le principe du déterminisme. Revue Néo-Scolastique, 12(45), 5‑26.

Nonaka, I. (1994). A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization Science, 5(1), 14‑37.

Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. (1995). The knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. New York : Oxford University Press.

Norgaard, R. B. (1984). Coevolutionary development potential. Land Economics, 60(2), 160‑173.

Observatoire de l’Industrie Electrique. (2015). La consommation d’énergie dans l’industrie en France - Observatoire de l’Industrie Electrique (OIE). http://www.observatoire-electricite.fr/La-consommation-d-energie-dans-l, consulté le 02 août 2016.

OECD. (2010). Eco-innovation in industry: Enabling green growth. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD. (2011). ISIC Rev. 3 Technology intensity definition. En ligne sur le site de OECD Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry. Economic Analysis and Statistics Division http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/41/48350231.pdf, consulté le 02 août 2016.

OECD. (2014). Examens de l’OCDE des politiques d’innovation : France 2014. Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD/Eurostat. (2005). Oslo Manual: Guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data. OECD publishing.

Oliver, C. (1991). Strategic responses to institutional processes. Academy of Management Review, 16(1), 145‑179.

Oltra, V. (2008). Environmental innovation and industrial dynamics: The contributions of evolutionary economics. Université de Bordeaux. Cahiers du GREThA. Working paper No. 2008‑28.

Oltra, V., & Saint Jean, M. (2009). Sectoral systems of environmental innovation: An application to the French automotive industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(4), 567‑583.

Ozusaglam, S. (2012). Environmental innovation: A concise review of the literature. Vie & Sciences de l’Entreprise, 2(191‑192), 15‑38.

Parker, C. M., Redmond, J., & Simpson, M. (2009). A review of interventions to encourage SMEs to make environmental improvements. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 27(2), 279‑301.

Paulraj, A. (2011). Understanding the relationships between internal resources and capabilities, sustainable supply management and organizational sustainability. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 47(1), 19‑37.

Pellegrino, G., & Savona, M. (2013). Is money all? Financing versus knowledge and demand constraints to innovation. IEB Working paper No. 2013/021.

Peneder, M. (2010). Technological regimes and the variety of innovation behaviour: Creating integrated taxonomies of firms and sectors. Research Policy, 39(3), 323‑334.

Penrose, E. T. (1959). The theory of the growth of the firm. New York : Sharpe.

Perks, H., Cooper, R., & Jones, C. (2005). Characterizing the role of design in new product development: An empirically derived taxonomy. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 22(2), 111‑127.

Peters, M., Schneider, M., Griesshaber, T., & Hoffmann, V. H. (2012). The impact of technology-push and demand-pull policies on technical change–Does the locus of policies matter? Research Policy, 41(8), 1296‑1308.

Petruzzelli, A. M., Dangelico, R. M., Rotolo, D., & Albino, V. (2011). Organizational factors and technological features in the development of green innovations: Evidence from patent analysis. Innovation: Management, Policy & Practice, 13(3), 291‑310.

Piaget, J. (1967). Logique et connaissance scientifique. Paris : Gallimard.

Pinget, A., & Bocquet, R. (2015). Aux sources des innovations environnementales et technologiques des PME. Université Savoie Mont Blanc. Working paper IREGE.

Pinget, A., Bocquet, R., & Mothe, C. (2015). Barriers to environmental innovation in SMEs: Empirical evidence from French firms. M@n@gement, 18(2), 132‑155.

Polanyi, M. (1962). Personal knowledge - Toward a post-critical philosophy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

Popp, D. (2005). Lessons from patents: Using patents to measure technological change in environmental models. Ecological Economics, 54(2), 209‑226.

Popp, D., Hafner, T., & Johnstone, N. (2011). Environmental policy vs. public pressure: Innovation and diffusion of alternative bleaching technologies in the pulp industry. Research Policy, 40(9), 1253‑1268.

Porter, M. E. (1981). The contributions of industrial organization to strategic management. Academy of Management Review, 6(4), 609‑620.

Porter, M. E. (1991). Towards a dynamic theory of strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 12(S2), 95‑117.

Porter, M. E. (2000). Location, competition, and economic development: Local clusters in a global economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), 15‑34.

Porter, M. E., & van der Linde, C. (1995). Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9(4), 97‑118.

Pratschke, J. (2003). Realistic models? Critical realism and statistical models in the social sciences. Philosophica, 71, 13‑38.

Rainett. (2016). Rainett : Qui a dit que l’écologie n’était pas efficace ? En ligne http://www.rainett.fr/, consulté le 29 août 2016.

Rammel, C., Stagl, S., & Wilfing, H. (2007). Managing complex adaptive systems—A co-evolutionary perspective on natural resource management. Ecological Economics, 63(1), 9‑21.

Redclift, M. (2005). Sustainable development (1987–2005): An oxymoron comes of age. Sustainable Development, 13(4), 212‑227.

Région Rhône-Alpes. (2016). InnovR - Bienvenue sur le portail des éco-innovations en Rhône-Alpes. En ligne http://ecoinnover.rhonealpes.fr/InnovR/jcms/rec_7048/fr/bienvenue-sur-le-portail-des-ecoinnovations-en-rhone-alpes, consulté le 1er août 2016.

Rehfeld, K.-M., Rennings, K., & Ziegler, A. (2007). Integrated product policy and environmental product innovations: An empirical analysis. Ecological Economics, 61(1), 91‑100.

Reid, A., & Miedzinski, M. (2008). Sectoral innovation watch in Europe/Ecoinnovation. Bruxelles: Europe Innova.

Remmen, A. (2001). Greening of Danish industry-Changes in concepts and policies. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 13(1), 53‑69.

Rennings, K. (1998). Towards a theory and policy of eco-innovation-Neoclassical and (Co-) evolutionary perspectives. Center for European Economic Research (ZEW). Discussion paper No. 98‑24.

Rennings, K. (2000). Redefining innovation — Eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics. Ecological Economics, 32(2), 319‑332.

Rennings, K., & Rammer, C. (2009). Increasing energy and resource efficiency through innovation: An explorative analysis using innovation survey data. Center for European Economic Research (ZEW). Discussion paper No. 09‑056.

Rennings, K., & Rammer, C. (2011). The impact of regulation-driven environmental innovation on innovation success and firm performance. Industry and Innovation, 18(3),255‑283.

Rennings, K., Ziegler, A., Ankele, K., & Hoffmann, E. (2006). The influence of different characteristics of the EU environmental management and auditing scheme on technical environmental innovations and economic performance. Ecological Economics, 57(1), 45‑59.

Rennings, K., Ziegler, A., & Zwick, T. (2001). Employment changes in environmentally innovative firms. Center for European Economic Research (ZEW). Discussion paper No. 01‑46.

Revell, A., & Blackburn, R. (2007). The business case for sustainability? An examination of small firms in the UK’s construction and restaurant sectors. Business Strategy and the Environment, 16(6), 404‑420.

Revell, A., Stokes, D., & Chen, H. (2010). Small businesses and the environment: Turning over a new leaf? Business Strategy and the Environment, 19(5), 273‑288.

Reynaud, E., Depoers, F., Gauthier, C., Gond, J.-P., & Schneider-Maunoury, G.(2011). Le développement durable au cœur de l’entreprise - 2ème Edition. Paris : Dunod.

Romijn, H., & Albaladejo, M. (2002). Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms in Southeast England. Research Policy, 31(7), 1053‑1067.

Roome, N., & Wijen, F. (2006). Stakeholder power and organizational learning in corporate environmental management. Organization Studies, 27(2), 235‑263.

Roper, S., & Love, J. H. (2002). Innovation and export performance: Evidence from the UK and German manufacturing plants. Research Policy, 31(7), 1087‑1102.

Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41‑55.

Rosenberg, N. (1974). Science, invention and economic growth. The Economic Journal, 84(333), 90‑108.

Rothwell, R., & Dodgson, M. (1991). External linkages and innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises. R&D Management, 21(2), 125‑138.

Rotnitzky, A., & Robins, J. M. (1995). Semiparametric regression estimation in the presence of dependent censoring. Biometrika, 82(4), 805‑820.

Roy, M.-J., & Thérin, F. (2008). Knowledge acquisition and environmental commitment in SMEs. Corporate Social Responsibility & Environmental Management, 15(5), 249‑259.

Royer, I., & Zarlowski, P. (2007). Echantillon(s). In R.-A. Thiétart et coll., Méthodes de recherche en management (3ème édition, pp. 192‑227). Paris : Dunod.

Rugman, A. M., & Verbeke, A. (1998). Corporate strategies and environmental regulations: An organizing framework. Strategic Management Journal, 19(4), 363‑375.

Russo, M. V., & Fouts, P. A. (1997). A Resource-based perspective on corporate environmental performance and profitability. The Academy of Management Journal, 40(3), 534‑559.

Rutherfoord, R., Blackburn, R. A., & Spence, L. J. (2000). Environmental management and the small firm. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 6(6), 310‑326.

Sanidas, E. (2005). Organizational innovations and economic growth: Organosis and growth of firms, sectors and countries. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing.

Savignac, F. (2008). Impact of financial constraints on innovation: What can be learned from a direct measure? Economics of Innovation and New Technologies, 17(6), 553‑569.

Schaper, M. (2002). The essence of ecopreneurship. Greener Management International, 38, 26‑30.

Schiederig, T., Tietze, F., & Herstatt, C. (2012). Green innovation in technology and innovation management – An exploratory literature review. R&D Management, 42(2), 180‑192.

Schneider, C., & Veugelers, R. (2010). On young highly innovative companies: Why they matter and how (not) to policy support them. Industrial and Corporate change, 19(4), 969‑1007.

Segarra-Blasco, A., & Arauzo-Carod, J.-M. (2008). Sources of innovation and industry–university interaction: Evidence from Spanish firms. Research Policy, 37(8), 1283‑1295.

Segarra-Blasco, A., Garcia-Quevedo, J., & Teruel-Carrizosa, M. (2008). Barriers to innovation and public policy in Catalonia. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(4), 431‑451.

Seidel, M., Seidel, R., Tedford, D., Cross, R., Wait, L., & Hämmerle, E. (2009). Overcoming barriers to implementing environmentally benign manufacturing practices: Strategic tools for SMEs. Environmental Quality Management, 18(3), 37‑55.

Service de l’Observation et des Statistiques. (2016). Industrie et environnement [L’essentiel sur…, Environnement] : Observation et statistiques. En ligne http://www.statistiques.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/lessentiel/s/industrieenvironnement.html, consulté le 02 août 2016.

Sharma, S., & Vredenburg, H. (1998). Proactive corporate environmental strategy and the development of competitively valuable organizational capabilities. Strategic Management Journal, 19(8), 729‑753.

Shepherd, D. A., & DeTienne, D. R. (2005). Prior knowledge, potential financial reward, and opportunity identification. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(1), 91‑112.

Shrivastava, P. (1995). Environmental technologies and competitive advantage. Strategic Management Journal, 16(S1), 183‑200.

Small, K. A., & Hsiao, C. (1985). Multinomial logit specification tests. International Economic Review, 619‑627.

Souto, J. E., & Rodriguez, A. (2015). The problems of environmentally involved firms: Innovation obstacles and essential issues in the achievement of environmental innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 101, 49‑58.

Spithoven, A., Clarysse, B., & Knockaert, M. (2011). Building absorptive capacity to organise inbound open in