Youth Within Transition: Recent Developments in Education and Employment in Yogyakarta

Tjahjadi, Alexander Michael and Widhyharto, Derajad S. (2017): Youth Within Transition: Recent Developments in Education and Employment in Yogyakarta. Published in: Jurnal Studi Pemuda , Vol. 6, No. 1 (May 2017): pp. 548-559.

Abstract

Yogyakarta as a parameter for the development of national education offers potential young and educated human resources. It is hoped that this potential will trigger youth’s productivity to contribute in the demographic bonus and national development. From the perspective of economic growth, Yogyakarta tends to have an increasing trend when compared to that of national economy which tends to decline. However, the increasing trend can become a problem when the educated youth are unproductive and fails to transition from education field to working field. The data of Yogyakarta’s GDRP from 2003 to 2013 shows a dependency on the trading, tourism and services sectors. Optimism towards those three sectors do show a percentage increase, but it is not in sync with the education potential and employment for the youth. There is a transition from young labour who are self- or family-employed into low-rank employees and paid labor. There are at least two effects of this phenomenon. First, the data shows that the number of unemployed youth become stagnant with high school as the highest completed education. This indicates a hindrance for transition among youth from secondary education to higher education. Second, this obstacle prevents youth from moving into a higher income bracket and traps them in below-average wages. In reality, economic growth is still reliant on the services and consumption sectors, thus a transitory approach is needed that can involve the youth not as an object but as a main feature of Special Region of Yogyakarta is needed.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Youth Transition; Demographic Dividend; Education; Employment; Yogyakarta
• Subjects: A - General Economics and Teaching > A1 - General Economics > A14 - Sociology of Economics; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J1 - Demographic Economics; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs

References

Badan Pusat Statistik (2003), Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2003

Badan Pusat Statistik (2008), Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2008

Badan Pusat Statistik (2010), Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2010

Badan Pusat Statistik (2013), Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2013

Badan Pusat Statistik (2015), Statistik Pemuda Indonesia 2015

Chongvilaivan, Aekapol, dan Jungsuk Kim (2015), “Individual Income Inequality and Its Drivers in Indonesia: A Theil Decomposition Reassessment”, Social Research, Vol.126 (1):79-98. DOI: 10.1007/S11205-015-0890-0

Darwin, Muhajir (ed) (2010), Dinamika Kependudukan dan Penguatan Governance, Yogyakarta, Media Wacana.

Furlong, Andy & Cartmel, Fred. (2007).Young People and Social Change: New Perspectives. USA: Open University Press.

Gerry van Klinken & Ward Berenschot (ed) (2016), In Search of Middle Indonesia, Kelas Menengah di Kota-Kota Menengah, Jakarta, KITLV dan Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.

International Labour Office (ILO) (2004), Youth Employment Report in Indonesia: an update, Jakarta, (ILO-LPEM-FEUI).

Juhn, Chinchui, et al. (1993), “Wage Inequality and the Rise in Returns to Skill”, The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 101 (3): 410-442

Kuncoro, Mudrajad (2013), Metode Riset untuk Bisnis & Ekonomi Edisi 4, Jakarta, Penerbit Erlangga

Lemieux, Thomas (2006), “Postsecondary Education and Increasing Wage Inequality”, American Economic Review, Vol. 96(2):196-199.

Parker, Lyn & Nilan, Pam. (2013).Adolescents in Contemporary Indonesia. USA: Routledge.

Sutopo, Oki Rahadianto, & Meiji N (2014), Transisi Pemuda dalam Masyarakat Resiko: Antara Aspirasi, Hambatan dan Ketidakpastian, Vol.11. No.3:1164-1186.

Sutopo, Oki Rahadianto. 2013, “Hidup adalah Perjuangan: Strategi Pemuda Yogyakarta dalam Transisi dari Dunia Pendidikan ke Dunia Kerja” Jurnal Sosiologi Masyarakat, Vol.18, No.2, Juli 2013: 161-179.

Robinson K, (ed), (2016) Youth Identities and Social Transformation in Contemporary Indonesia, Leiden, Brill

Strauss, J., F. Witoelar, B. Sikoki, dan A.M. Wattie, “The Fourth Wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS4): Overview and Field Report”, April 2009, WR-675/1-NIA/NICHD.

Strauss, J., F. Witoelar, dan B. Sikoki, “The Fifth Wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS5): Overview and Field Report”, March 2016, WR-1143/1-NIA/NICHD.

Tadjoeddin, Mohammad Zulfan (2016), “Earnings, Productivity, and Inequality in Indonesia”, The Economic and Labour Relations Review, Vol. 27 (2): 248-271

White, Ben (2015), “Remembering the Indonesian Peasants’ Front and Plantation Workers’ Union (1945–1966)”, The Journal of Peasant Studies, Vol. 43 (1): 1-16