Ефективност на икономическите организации и обществената интервенция в земеделието

Bachev, Hrabrin (2012): Ефективност на икономическите организации и обществената интервенция в земеделието. Published in: Икономика и управление на селското стопанство , Vol. LVII, No. 3 (2012): pp. 24-44.

Abstract

Broadly applied traditional frameworks for assessing efficiency of economic organizations in agriculture are (only) based on the “technical efficiency” of the factors of production and the “productivity of employed resources”. They compare the levels of efficiency of farms of different types, sectors, and countries without taking into account the transaction costs and the specific economic, institutional and natural environment of their development. At the same time, other agrarian organizations (contracts, associations, markets, public and hybrid forms) are not considered as alternative economic structures and are either ignored or studies separately. This paper suggests a new approach for assessing efficiency of economic organizations and public intervention in agriculture incorporating achievements of the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics. Presented new approach includes: studying out the farm and agrarian organizations as a governing rather than a production structure; assessment of the comparative efficiency of alternative market, contract, internal, and hybrid modes of governance on the base of their potential to minimise production and transaction costs and to maximise the production and transaction benefits; analysis of the level of transaction costs and their institutional (distribution of rights and obligations, and the systems of their enforcements), behavioural (preferences, bounded rationality and opportunism of individuals), dimensional (uncertainty, frequency, assets specificity and appropriability of activity/transactions), technological (non-separability, economies of scale and scope) and natural factors; and determination of adequate criteria of farm efficiency and its effective boundaries – the potential to increase productivity of resources with minimum transaction costs comparing to a practically possible alternative organisation. The new approach is also used to precise the needs for public interventions (“the economic role of government”) in agrarian sector and to assess the comparative efficiency of alternative forms of public involvement. The analysis of socio-economic and natural environment and the transaction costs identifies a multiple cases of “market and private failures” associated with non-identified or badly assigned property rights, ineffective system of enforcement of absolute and contracted rights, high uncertainty and dependency of activity, low appropriability, needs for collective actions etc. which necessitate a thirdparty public intervention in market and private sectors. The individual forms of public involvement (institutional modernisation, assistance, regulation, taxation, hybrid or internal organisation) are with unequal efficiency in the specific environment of different countries, regions, and sectors, and the most efficient one(s) is/are to be selected with taking into account the total (direct, private, public, transaction, third-party etc.) costs and the contribution to the sustainable development. Nevertheless, “the public failure” is feasible and bad interventions, delayed, under or over-regulations, miss-management, corruption etc. are widespread and as a result the sustainable development of the sector is compromised.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Efficiency of economic organizations and public intervention in agriculture
• Language: Bulgarian
• Keywords: efficiency of farms and agrarian organizations; market, private and public governance
• Subjects: D - Microeconomics > D2 - Production and Organizations; D - Microeconomics > D2 - Production and Organizations > D21 - Firm Behavior: Theory; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy

References

Башев Х. (1996). Ефективни граници на аграрните организации - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 8, с. 1-16.

Башев Х. (1998). Организация на аграрните иновации - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 5, с. 18-32.

Башев Х. (2000). Икономика на Аграрните Институции - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 3, с. 16-21.

Башев Х. (2000). Ефективни форми за организация на аграрните транзакции - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 4, с. 3-12.

Башев Х. (2003). Ефективност на аграрните организации с отчитане на транзакционните разходи - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 2, с.13-20.

Башев Х. (2008). Еко-управление в българското земеделие-форми, ефективност, перспективи. - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 1, с.33-43.

Башев Х. (2009). Управление на договорните отношения на фермата - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 2, с. 38-50.

Башев Х. (2009).Управление на услугите на агро-екосистемите - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 6, с. 3-20.

Башев Х., Б.Иванов, Т.Радев, Н.Мау Дунг, М.Атанасова, Я.Славова, Д. Панталеева (2010). Сравнителен анализ на аграрната политика на България и Виетнам, Авангард Прима, София

Заимова Д. (2011). Методи за оценка на икономическа ефективност на земеделски стопанства - Икономическа мисъл, No. 2, с.6-16.

Иванова Н. (2009). Икономическа ефективност на българските земеделски стопанства, специализирани в производството на зърно, грозде и зеленчуци - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 2, с. 51-61;

Котева Н. (2011). Икономическа ефективност на земеделските стопанства - Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 1, с. 38-45.

Кънчев И. и Ю. Дойчинова (2000). Сравнителен анализ на функционирането на частните организационни структури в аграрния сектор, Тема НИД, УНСС.

Николов Д., Х.Башев и И.Янакиева (2008). Как да управляваме ефективно парите си в земеделието?, Енерджи принт, София.

Bachev H. (2008). Agricultural policies in Bulgaria in post Second World War years, MPRA

Bachev H. (2008). Production and productivity of Bulgarian agriculture in post war years, MPRA

Bachev H. (2010). Management of Farm Contracts and Competitiveness, Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag.

Csáki C. and Z. Lerman (2000). Structural change in the farming sectors in Central and Eastern Europe. World Bank Technical Paper Vol. 465, Washington DC.

Coase R. (1937). The Nature of the Firm - Economica 4, 386-405;

Coase R. (1960). The Problem of Social Costs - Journal of Law and Economics 3, 1-44.

Furuboth E. and R. Richter (1998). Institutions and Economic Theory: The Contribution of the New Institutional Economics. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press;

Gortona M. and S. Davidova (2003). Farm productivity and efficiency in the CEE applicant countries: a synthesis of results, Elsevier B.V.;

Mathijs E. and J. Swinnen (1997). Production Organization and Efficiency during Transition: An Empirical Analysis of East German Agriculture, Policy Research Group, Working Paper No. 7.

North D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Williamson O. (1996). The Mechanisms of Governance. New York: Oxford University Press.