Организация на реализацията на продукцията в българските ферми

Bachev, Hrabrin (2003): Организация на реализацията на продукцията в българските ферми. Published in: Икономика и управление на селското стопанство , Vol. XLVIII, No. 6 (2003): pp. 13-23.

Abstract

Attempt has been made to identify dominant forms and factors for output realization in Bulgarian farms. New Institutional and Transaction Costs Economics framework is used to estimate comparative efficiency of various modes for realization of farm outputs in farms of different type (unregistered, cooperative, agro-firms) and various sizes (small, middle-size, large). Study is based on a large-scale microeconomic data collected through interviews with managers of 0.5% of commercial farms in the country. Big institutional, economic, and behavioral uncertainty combined with high assets specificity and low recurrence of transactions, have blocked formation of agrarian markets in the country. Market has “failed” to organize significant part of inputs supply and outputs realization transactions. However, agrarian agents have developed various private modes to overcome transacting difficulties and to govern their dependent transactions. A great variety of in-farm production and processing, personal contacts, long-term marketing contracts, and interlinked modes etc. have come to existence and they characterize dominant structures for outputs realization in Bulgarian farming today. Major type of farming outputs realization (household consumption and giving to friends and relatives; production in-farm consumption; additional processing in-farm; long-term contract for outside processing; sell) in farms of different types and sizes has been identified and their relative share in brut farm output determined. Product specificity (grain, vegetables, fruits and grape, live animals and meat, milk, others) and its relation to specific organizational choice of outputs realization (member cooperative; other farm, cooperative or firms; retail trade; wholesale trade to store, hotel, restaurant; commodity exchange; wholesale market; in-farm processing; state reserve; direct export) have been identified and microeconomic factors for governance choice discussed. Importance of diverse factors for preferring a particular buyer or mode for realization of farm outputs (lack of alternative buyer; best prices; maximum profit; minimum risk; cheapest way; maximum security; high trust; tradition; frequency of transactions with the same partner) have been specified. Prominence of various transacting problems for realization (lack of buyers; low prices; unstable prices; no price information; no buyer information; buyer is better informed; unreliable partner; not-fulfillment of negotiated terms; controlling and enforcement of contracts; non-business factors etc.) for main farming products and type of farms have been specified. In the same way the significance of chief factors for successful realization (mutual benefits for partners; written contract; oral agreement; third-party assistance; good will of partners; tradition; trust; beneficial for farm prices; lack of competition) have been identified. High marketing costs along with the big enforcement costs of contracts in general, and enormous credit supply costs are the major factors restricting farm enlargement of Bulgarian farms as present stage. Besides, the most important factors for farm development in future relate to improvement of institutional environment (guaranteed marketing, enforcement of Laws and private contracts, macro-economic stability, legislation framework, access to free markets), and own and family experience in farm management.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Governing of output realisation in Bulgarian farms
• Language: Bulgarian
• Keywords: governing of output realization and marketing; transaction cost economics; transitional farm organization
• Subjects: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q13 - Agricultural Markets and Marketing ; Cooperatives ; Agribusiness; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q14 - Agricultural Finance; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q15 - Land Ownership and Tenure ; Land Reform ; Land Use ; Irrigation ; Agriculture and Environment; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q1 - Agriculture > Q18 - Agricultural Policy ; Food Policy

References

Башев Х. (1996): Икономически измерения на аграрните транзакции, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 7, 1-14.

Башев Х. (1996): Ефективни граници на аграрните организации, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 8, 1-16.

Башев Х. (1998): Организация на аграрните иновации, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство, No 5, 16-25.

Башев Х. (2000): Икономика на Аграрните Институции, сп. Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 3.

Башев Х. (2000): Ефективни форми за управление на аграрните транзакции, сп. Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 4.

Башев Х. (2000): Икономически граници на фермата, сп. Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 5.

Башев Х. и Д. Терзиев (2001): Организация на снабдяването със земя в българските ферми, сп. Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 5.

Башев Х. и Д. Терзиев (2002): Организация на снабдяването с работна сила в българските ферми, сп. Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 1.

Башев Х. и Д. Терзиев (2002): Организация на снабдяването с материални активи в българските ферми, сп. Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 2.

Башев Х. и Д.Терзиев (2002): Организация на снабдяването с услуги в българските ферми, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 3, 20-28.

Башев Х. (2003): Организация на реализацията на продукцията в българските ферми, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 6, 13-23.

Башев Х. (2003): Организация на снабдяването с финанси в българските ферми, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 5, 10-21.

Башев Х. (2003): Ефективност на аграрните организации с отчитане на транзакционните разходи, Икономика и управление на селското стопанство No 2, 13-20.

Терзиев Д. и Х. Башев (2003): Взаимно-свързаните транзакции – един различен поглед към проблема за аграрното финансиране, САИБ, София, стр. 42-48.

Bachev H. (1995): Political and Economical Transition in Bulgaria - Implications for Agriculture, Journal Agriculture in Former USSR and East Europe Vol., No 3, Tokyo, 39-48.

Bachev H. (1996): Organization of Agrarian Transactions in Transitional Economies, Proceedings of the 8th European Association of Agricultural Economists Congress “Redefining the Roles for European Agriculture”, Edinburgh, 3-5.

Bashev H. and R. Denchev (1992): Economic Efficiency of Agricultural Research, In Issues in Agricultural Development, Occasional Paper Series, Volume 6, 29-33, IAAE.

Bachev H. (2000): Bulgarian Experience in Transformation of Farm Structures, in Farm Management and Rural Planning No 1, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 181-196.

Bachev H., Tsuji M., 2001. Governing of Agrarian Transactions. In: Management and Rural Planning II, Kyushu University, Fukuoka

Bachev H. (2002): Restructuring of Bulgarian Agriculture, in Kagatsume at all. Agricultural Restructuring and Environmental Issues in Eastern Europe under the Transition Process, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto

Bachev H. and M.Tsuji (2001): Structures for Organization of Transactions in Bulgarian Agriculture, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kyushu University, No 46 (1), Fukuoka 123-151.

Bachev H. and M.Kagatsume (2002): Governing of Financial Supply in Bulgarian Farms, The Natural Resource Economics Review, No 8, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 131-150.

Bachev H. (2002): Study on Land Supply in Bulgarian Farms, in Farm Management and Rural Planning No 3, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 189-203.

Bachev H. and M.Kagatsume (2003): Governing of Output Realization in Bulgarian Farms, The Natural Resource Economics Review, No 9, Kyoto University, Kyoto 55-69.

Bachev H. (2003): Study on Labor Supply in Bulgarian Farms, in Farm Management and Rural Planning No 4, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 129-145.

Bachev H. and M.Kagatsume (2004): Governing of Land Supply in Bulgarian Farms, The Natural Resource Economics Review, No 10, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 71-94.

Fahlbeck E. 1996. Essays in Transaction Costs Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala

Hayami, Y. and K.Otsuka (1993): “The Economics of Contract Choice. An Agrarian Perspective”, Carendom Press, Oxford.

Masten, S. (1991): “Transaction Cost Economics and the Organization of Agricultural Transactions, Ohayo State University, Chicago.

Sporleder, T. (1992): Managerial Economics of Vertically Co-ordinated Agricultural Firms. American Journal of Agricultural Economics 74, No 5.

Williamson Oliver (1985): “The Economic Institutions of Capitalism”, Free Press, New York