ما بعد جائحة كورونا، دروس من تجارب دولية لسياسات تعافي السياحة

Benzarour, Choukri (2021): ما بعد جائحة كورونا، دروس من تجارب دولية لسياسات تعافي السياحة.

Abstract

The pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus has significantly affected the tourism industry. Tourist destinations have adopted emergency measures and restrictions that have affected the mobility of individuals around the world. This study aims to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism industry and overall economic performance. Moreover, it describes the recommendations made by two international organizations (UNWTO and OECD) to achieve the recovery of the tourism industry. It additionally reviewed the measures taken to ensure the resilience of tourism in Spain and South Africa. The study uses a qualitative approach to analyse data from different sources, such as official websites, news and press releases on government actions in different countries and literature related to crisis management. The findings indicate the various good practices adopted by governments in assisting to manage this crisis and promoting the destinations. The results also shed light on the challenges in planning, development and promotion domestic tourism, bringing digitalization and the importance of proposing an integrated strategy to better crisis management.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Post-Corona Pandemic, Lessons from International Tourism Recovery Policies
• Language: Arabic
• Keywords: tourism; Covid-19 pandemic; recovery measures; domestic tourism.
• Subjects: L - Industrial Organization > L8 - Industry Studies: Services; L - Industrial Organization > L8 - Industry Studies: Services > L83 - Sports ; Gambling ; Restaurants ; Recreation ; Tourism; L - Industrial Organization > L8 - Industry Studies: Services > L88 - Government Policy

References

International Monetary Fund, (2021), “Tourism in the Post-Pandemic World Economic Challenges and Opportunities for Asia-Pacific and the Western Hemisphere”, Departmental paper series. No. 21/02. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Departmental-Papers-Policy-Papers/Issues/2021/02/19/Tourism-in-the-Post-Pandemic-World-Economic-Challenges-and-Opportunities-for-Asia-Pacific-49915. Vărzaru, Anca Antoaneta, Claudiu George Bocean, and Marian Cazacu. "Rethinking Tourism Industry in Pandemic COVID-19 Period." Sustainability 13.12 (2021): 6956. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/12/6956/htm. Republic of South Africa, (2021), “Final report: The Impact of COVID-19 on Tourism Sector Demand and Supply in South Africa”, University of Johannesburg Date: March 2021. UJ Final Research Report (Impact of COVID19 on tourism sector demand and supply).pdf. ILO, (2020), “The impact of COVID-19 on the tourism sector”, ILO Sectoral Brief. Revised version: May 2020. wcms_741468.pdf (ilo.org). World Bank, (2021), data, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ST.INT.RCPT.CD?locations=US Hung, K.K.C.; Carman, K.M.M.; Yeung, M.P.S.; Chan, E.Y.Y.; Graham, C.A. (2018), « The role of the hotel industry in the response to emerging epidemics: A case study of SARS in 2003 and H1N1 swine flu in 2009 in Hong Kong », Glob. Health 2018, 14, 117. Jamal, T., & Budke, C. (2020). Tourism in a world with pandemics: local-global responsibility and action. Journal of Tourism Futures. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/JTF-02-2020-0014/full/html. Washington Post. (2020). US intelligence reports from January and February warned about a likely pandemic. Retrieved April 14, 2020. https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/us-intelligence-reports-from-january-and-february-warned-about-a-likely-pandemic/2020/03/20/299d8cda-6ad5-11ea-b5f1-a5a804158597_story.html WHO Statement (2020), “International health regulations (2005) emergency committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)”, available at: https://www.who.int/news/item/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov). Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C. M. (2020). Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1-20. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708?src=recsys. Corbisiero, F., & La Rocca, R.A. (2020). Tourism on demand: A new form of urban and social demand of use after the pandemic event. TeMA: Journal of Land Use, Mobility and the Environment, (Special Issue), 91-104. Tourism on demand. New form of urban and social demand of use after the pandemic event | TeMA - Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment (unina.it). UNWTO (2021), World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, January 2021, https://www.e-unwto.org/doi/epdf/10.18111/wtobarometereng.2021.19.1.1. UNWTO (2021.b), UNWTO World Tourism Barometer, MADRID, 2 JUNE 2021, https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2021-06/210602-unwto-barometer-en.pdf?. UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT, (2021), “ COVID-19 AND TOURISM AN UPDATE: Assessing the economic consequences”, https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ditcinf2021d3_en_0.pdf. United nation world tourism organisation, « TOURISM AND COVID-19 – UNPRECEDENTED ECONOMIC IMPACTS”, policy brief august 2020. World Tourism Organization and United Nations Development Programme (2017), Tourism and the Sustainable Development Goals – Journey to 2030, UNWTO, Madrid, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284419401 United nations, (2020) “Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Transforming Tourism”, AUGUST 2020. https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sg_policy_brief_covid-19_tourism_august_2020.pdf. منظمة السياحة العالمية، (2020)، "تقرير الأمين العام، مبادرات منظمة السياحة العالمية وأنشطتها في مواجهة تفشي كوفيد –19"، لجنة منظمة السياحة العالمية للشرق الأوسط، الاجتماع السادس والأربعون اجتماع عن بعد – الإثنين 6 يوليو 2020. CME/46/SG.Report. Rev1. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-07/CME46_SG-Report_Reg-Activ_A_compressed.pdf. منظمة السياحة العالمية، (2020)، "الحرص على فرص العمل ودعم الاقتصاد بواسطة السفر والسياحة دعوة للعمل من أجل تخفيف وطأة كوفيد-19 الاجتماعية والاقتصادية وتسريع الانتعاش"، مدريد، يف 31 آذار/مارس 2020. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2020-04/COVID19_Recommendations%20-%20AR.pdf World Tourism Organization (2020), UNWTO Briefing Note – Tourism and COVID-19, Issue 3. Understanding Domestic Tourism and Seizing its Opportunities, UNWTO, Madrid, DOI: https://doi.org/10.18111/9789284422111. World Tourism Organization (2018), Thematic Discussion: “Tourism and the digital transformation”, Executive Council 108th session San Sebastián, Spain, 23-25 May 2018, CE/108/9 rev.1. https://www.unwto.org › digital-transformation. Zurab Pololikashvili, (2020), « Tourism and Digitalization in the Decade of Action”, Secretary-General of the UN World Tourism Organization, 08 October 2020. https://unctad.org/news/tourism-and-digitalization-decade-action. World Tourism Organization (2020), “UNWTO Global Rural Tourism Startup Competition -– Accelerating Rural Development through Tourism”, Terms and Conditions. https://webunwto.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/2021-04/terms-and-conditions-rural-tourism_eng.pdf. OECD (2020-12-16), “Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on tourism and supporting recovery”, OECD Tourism Papers, 2020/03, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/47045bae-en. Catarina Demony, Sarah Young, (2021), “United Kingdom : Rising Delta virus, absent Brits dampen Europe's tourism hopes”, REUTERS July 1, 20212:56 PM BST. https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/rising-delta-virus-absent-brits-dampen-europes-tourism-hopes-2021-07-01/. Euronews, (2021), “Delta variant prompts new travel restrictions across Europe”, Euronews. Updated: 29/06/2021. https://www.euronews.com/travel/2021/06/28/portugal-germany-tighten-travel-restrictions-to-curb-delta-variant-spread. OECD , (2020), “Tourism Policy Responses to the coronavirus (COVID-19)”, OECD Policy Responses to Coronavirus (COVID-19), Updated 2 June 2020, https://www.oecd.org/coronavirus/policy-responses/tourism-policy-responses-to-the-coronavirus-covid-19-6466aa20/#endnotea0z4. Urs Binggeli, Javier Caballero, Margaux Constantin, and Steffen Köpke, (2021), « Spain’s travel sector can’t afford to wait to recover. What can stakeholders do? », April 23, 2021, https://www.mckinsey.com. South Africa, (2020), « TOURISM SECTOR RECOVERY PLAN COVID-19 Response”, august 2020. 115 pages. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202008/tourismrecoveryplan.pdf. South Africa, (2020), « TOURISM SECTOR RECOVERY PLAN COVID-19 Response”, March 2021. 43 pages. https://www.tourism.gov.za/AboutNDT/Documents/Tourism%20Sector%20Recovery%20Plan.pdf.