Firano, Zakaria and Filali adib, Fatine (2022): Optimal Capital structure and financial stability.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_115790.pdf Download (451kB) | Preview |
Abstract
This paper attempts to answer the fundamental question of the choice of capital structure. The financial structure in Morocco raises several questions about the behaviour of firms, especially in relation to the banking system and the financial market. We tried to determine the factors that explain the choice of financial structure. In addition to the traditional known factors, we were able to introduce the effects of financial stability on the financial structure. The results obtained affirm that Moroccan companies are in a hierarchical conception of the choice of financing and they prefer the use of internal financing with a particularity where companies with long experience are less and less attracted by external financing. In addition, financial stability significantly affects the choice of financing method. Indeed, when the financial system is stable, companies prefer to use external financing, which results in over-indebtedness that negatively affects the stability of the Moroccan financial system in a second rank. We generalize this theoretical conception to assert that the degree of financial stability can have effects on the choice of the financial structure of companies.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Optimal Capital structure and financial stability |
English Title: | Optimal Capital structure and financial stability |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | financial structure; banking system; pecking order; financial stability |
Subjects: | G - Financial Economics > G2 - Financial Institutions and Services G - Financial Economics > G3 - Corporate Finance and Governance |
Item ID: | 115790 |
Depositing User: | Zakaria Firano |
Date Deposited: | 27 Dec 2022 08:24 |
Last Modified: | 27 Dec 2022 08:25 |
References: | [1]. Andres, C., Cumming, D., Karabiber, T., Schweizer, D., 2014. Do markets anticipate capital structure decisions? – feedback effects in equity liquidity. J.Corporate Finance 27, 133–156. [2]. Ang, J.S., Chua, J.H., McConnell, J.J., 1982. The administrative costs of corporate bankruptcy: a note. J. Finance 37 (1), 219–226. [3]. Antonczyk, R.C., Salzmann, A.J., 2014. Overconfidence and optimism: the effect of national culture on capital structure. Res. Int. Bus. Finance 31, 132–151. [4]. Anwar, S., Sun, S., 2015. Can the presence of foreign investment affect the capital structure of domestic firms? J. Corporate Finance 30, 32–43. [5]. Ardalan, K. forthcoming, Capital structure theory: Reconsidered, Research in International Business and Finance. [6]. Arellano, M., Bond, S., 1991. Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Rev. Econ.Stud. 58 (2), 277–297. [7]. Batten, J.A., Vo, X.V., 2014. Liquidity and return relationships in an emerging market. Emerg. Markets Finance Trade 50 (1), 5–21. [8]. Batten, J.A., Vo, X.V., 2015. Foreign ownership in emerging stock markets. J. Multinational Financial Manage. 32, 15–24. [9]. Berens, J., Cuny, C., 1995. The capital structure puzzle revisited. Rev. Financial Stud. 8 (4), 1185–1208. [10]. Berger, P.G., Ofek, E.L.I., Yermack, D.L., 1997. Managerial entrenchment and capital structure decisions. J. Finance 52 (4), 1411–1438. [11]. Bevan, A.A., Danbolt, J., 2002. Capital structure and its determinants in the uk − a decompositional analysis. Appl. Financial Econ. 12 (3), 159–170. [12]. Booth, L., Aivazian, V., Demirguc-kunt, A., Maksimovic, V., 2001. Capital structures in developing countries. J. Finance LVI (1). [13]. Brounen, D., de Jong, A., Koedijk, K., 2006. Capital structure policies in europe: survey evidence. J. Bank. Finance 30 (5), 1409–1442. [14]. Chang, C., Chen, X., Liao, G., 2014a. What are the reliably important determinants of capital structure in china? Pacific-Basin Finance J. 30, 87–113. [15]. Chang, Y.-K., Chou, R.K., Huang, T.-H., 2014b. Corporate governance and the dynamics of capital structure: new evidence. J. Bank. Finance 48, 374–385. [16]. Chang, C., 1999. Capital structure as optimal contracts. North Am. J. Econ. Finance 10 (2), 363–385. [17]. Chen, J., Strange, R., 2005. The determinants of capital structure: evidence from Chinese listed companies. Econ. Change Restruct. 38 (1), 11–35. [18]. Chen, J.J., 2004. Determinants of capital structure of chinese-listed companies. J. Business Res. 57 (12), 1341–1351. [19]. Crnigoj, M., Mramor, D., 2009. Determinants of capital structure in emerging european economies: evidence from slovenian firms. Emerg. MarketsFinance Trade 45 (1), 72–89. [20]. Dang, V.A., Kim, M., Shin, Y., 2014. Asymmetric adjustment toward optimal capital structure: evidence from a crisis. Int. Rev. Financial Anal. 33, 226–242. [21]. Danis, A., Rettl, D.A., Whited, T.M., 2014. Refinancing, profitability, and capital structure. J. Financial Econ. 114 (3), 424–443. [22]. De Jong, A., Kabir, R., Nguyen, T.T., 2008. Capital structure around the world: the roles of firm- and country-specific determinants. J. Bank. Finance 32 (9),1954–1969. [23]. Deesomsak, R., Paudyal, K., Pescetto, G., 2004. The determinants of capital structure: evidence from the asia pacific region. J. Multinational FinancialManage. 14 (4–5), 387–405. Delcoure, N., 2007. The determinants of capital structure in transitional economies. Int. Rev. Econ. Finance 16 (3), 400–415. [24]. Diamond, D.W., 1989. Reputation acquisition in debt markets. J. Polit. Econ. 97 (4), 828–862. [25]. David E. Wiley, William H. Schmidt & William J. Bramble (1973) Studies of a Class of Covariance Structure Models, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 68:342, 317-323, DOI: 10.1080/01621459.1973.10482426 [26]. Ebrahim, M.S., Girma, S., Shah, M.E., Williams, J., 2014. Dynamic capital structure and political patronage: the case of malaysia. Int. Rev. Financial Anal. 31,117 – 128. [27]. Fama, E.F., French, K.R., 2002. Testing tradeoff and pecking order predictions about dividends and debt. Rev. Financial Stud. 15 (1), 1–33. [28]. Faris, M.A.M., 2011. The determinants of capital structure of palestine-listed companies. J. Risk Finance 12 (3), 226–241. [29]. Firano, Z. Abouch, A and Saidi, A. Financial Stability: Definitions, Theoretical Foundations and Roles of the Central Banks, International Research Journal of Finance & Economics; Feb2012, Issue 84, p76. [30]. Feldstein, M., Green, J., & Sheshinski, E. (1978). Inflation and taxes in a growing economy with debt and equity finance. Journal of Political Economy, 86(2, Part 2), S53-S70. https://doi.org/10.1086/260694 [31]. FIRANO, Z., & Fatine, F. A. (2016). Financial Stability Report: Lessons From the Central Banks. Archives of Business Research, 4(6). https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.46.2492 [32]. Frank, M., Goyal, V.K., 2003. Testing the pecking order theory of capital structure. J. Financial Econ. 67, 217–248. [33]. Frank, M.Z., Goyal, V.K., 2009. Capital structure decisions: which factors are reliably important? Financial Manage. 38 (1), 1–37. [34]. Friend, I., Lang, L.H.P., 1988. An empirical test of the impact of managerial self-interest on corporate capital structure. J. Finance 43 (2), 271–281. [35]. Graham, J.R., 2000. How big are the tax benefits of debt? J. Finance 55 (5), 1901–1941. [36]. Hall, G., Hutchinson, P., Michaelas, N., 2000. Industry effects on the determinants of unquoted sme’s capital structure. Int. J. Econ. Business 7 (3), 297–312. [37]. Handoo, A., Sharma, K., 2014. A study on determinants of capital structure in india. IIMB Manage. Rev. 26 (3), 170–182. [38]. Harris, M., Raviv, A., 1991. Theory of capital structure. J. Finance 46, 297–355. [39]. Holtz-Eakin, D., Newey, W., Rosen, H.S., 1988. Estimating vector autoregressions with panel data. Econometrica: J. Econometric Soc. 56 (6), 1371–1395. [40]. Huang, G., Song, F.M., 2006. The determinants of capital structure: evidence from china. Chin. Econ. Rev. 17 (1), 14–36. [41]. Hugonnier, J., Malamud, S., Morellec, E., 2015. Credit market frictions and capital structure dynamics. J. Econ. Theor. 157 (May), 1130–1158. [42]. Jensen, M., Meckling, W., 1976. Theory of the firm: managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure. J. Financial Econ. 3 (4), 305–360. [43]. Jensen, M., 1986. Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. Am. Econ. Rev. 76 (2), 323–329. [44]. Jung, K., Kim, Y.-C., Stulz, R., 1996. Timing, investment opportunities, managerial discretion, and the security issue decision. J. Financial Econ. 42 (2),159–186. [45]. Kester, W.C., 1985. Capital and Ownership Structure: A Comparison of United States and Japanese Manufacturing Corporations. Division of Research, Harvard Business School. [46]. Kim, W.S., Sorensen, E.H., 1986. Evidence on the impact of the agency costs of debt on corporate debt policy. J. Financial Quantitative Anal. 21 (02),131–144. [47]. King, M.R., Santor, E., 2008. Family values: ownership structure, performance and capital structure of canadian firms. J. Bank. Finance 32 (11), 2423–2432. [48]. La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., Vishny, R., 1998. Law and finance. J. Polit. Econ. 106, 1113–1150. [49]. La Rocca, M., La Rocca, T., Gerace, D., Smark, C., 2009. Effect of diversification on capital structure. Accounting Finance 49 (4), 799–826. [50]. Leary, M., Roberts, M., 2010. The pecking order, debt capacity, and information asymmetry. J. Financial Econ. 95 (3), 332–355. [51]. Li, K., Yue, H., Zhao, L., 2009. Ownership, institutions, and capital structure: evidence from china. J. Comparative Econ. 37 (3), 471–490. [52]. Long, M., Malitz, I., 1985. The investment-financing nexus: some empirical evidence. Midland Corporate Finance J. 3 (3), 53–59. [53]. Marsh, P., 1982. The choice between equity and debt: an empirical study. J. Finance 37 (1), 121–144. [54]. Mateev, M., Poutziouris, P., Ivanov, K., 2013. On the determinants of sme capital structure in central and eastern europe: a dynamic panel analysis. Res.Int. Business Finance 27 (1), 28–51. [55]. Modigliani, F., Miller, M., 1958. The cost of capital, corporation finance and the theory of investment. Am. Econ. Rev. 48 (3), 261–297. [56]. Modigliani, F., Miller, M.H., 1963. Corporate income taxes and the cost of capital: a correction. Am. Econ. Rev. 55 (3), 524–536. [57]. Myers, S.C., Majluf, N., 1984. Corporate financial and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have. J. Financial Econ. 13 (2), 187–221. [58]. Myers, S.C., Rajan, R.G., 1998. The paradox of liquidity. Quarterly J. Econ. 113 (3), 733–771. [59]. Myers, S., 1977. Determinants of corporate borrowing. J. Financial Econ. 5 (2), 147–175. [60]. Myers, S.C., 1984. The capital structure puzzle. J. Finance 39 (3), 575–592. [61]. Myers, S.C., 2001. Capital structure. J. Econ. Perspect. 15 (2), 81–102. [62]. Ozkan, A., 2001. Determinants of capital structure and adjustment to long run target: evidence from uk company panel data. J. Business FinanceAccounting. 28 (1–2), 175–198. [63]. Pettit, R., Singer, R., 1985. Small business finance: a research agenda. Financial Manage. 14 (3), 47–60. [64]. Psillaki, M., Daskalakis, N., 2009. Are the determinants of capital structure country or firm specific? Small Business Econ. 33 (3), 319–333. [65]. Qian, Y., Tian, Y., Wirjanto, T.S., 2009. Do chinese publicly listed companies adjust their capital structure toward a target level? China Econ. Rev. 20 (4),662–676. [66]. Rajan, R.G., Zingales, L., 1995. What do we know about capital structure? Some evidence from international data. J. Finance 50, 1421–1460. [67]. Santos, M.S., Moreira, A.C., Vieira, E.S., 2013. Ownership concentration, contestability, family firms, and capital structure. J. Manage. Governance, 1–45. [68]. Sbeti, W.M., Moosa, I., 2012. Firm-specific factors as determinants of capital structure in the absence of taxes. Appl. Financial Econ. 22 (3), 209–213. [69]. Scott, J., 1977. Bankruptcy, secured debt, and optimal capital structure. J. Finance 32 (1), 1–19. [70]. Serfling, M., 2016. Firing costs and capital structure decisions. J. Finance. [71]. Titman, S., Wessels, R., 1988. The determinants of capital structure choice. J. Finance 43 (1), 1–19. [72]. Wald, J.K., 1999. How firm characteristics affect capital structure: an international comparison. J. Financial Res. 22 (2), 161–187. [73]. Warner, J.B., 1977. Bankruptcy costs: some evidence. J. Finance 32 (2), 337–347. [74]. Williamson, O.E., 1988. Corporate finance and corporate governance. J. Finance 43 (3), 567–591. [75]. Wiwattanakantang, Y., 1999. An empirical study on the determinants of the capital structure of thai firms. Pacific-Basin Finance J. 7 (3–4), 371–403. [76]. Wu, L., Yue, H., 2009. Corporate tax, capital structure, and the accessibility of bank loans: evidence from china. J. Bank. Finance 33 (1), 30–38. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/115790 |