Trans-development and the Global South: Counter-hegemonic Strategy for Building an Ecological Global Civilization

Khan, Haider (2024): Trans-development and the Global South: Counter-hegemonic Strategy for Building an Ecological Global Civilization.

Abstract

We define Trans-development as an overcoming of maldevelopment under capitalism towards building a planetary ecological civilization that is equitable, life-affirming and can ensure flourishing of humans along with nature and other species. How can such a planetary ecological counterhegemony be established in the Global South? I answer this question through exploring a fairly comprehensive strategy for development as freedom beyond the ecological and other crises-filled capitalism in the 21st century. Accordingly, I try to find a way to integrate useful markets with the key characteristics of the Enabling Ecological Trans-developmental State(EETDS) for the 21st Century in order to build a growing ecologically sustainable economy with equity in terms of capabilities. This will doubtless require a new global financial and ecological architecture. Relative Degrowth which involves sustainable people’s capabilities enhancing growth in the Global South, and degrowth in the Global North is a necessary condition for such a postcapitalist planetary civilization. Proceeding from a critical capabilities perspective that is fully grounded in social reality of deepening structural and ecological crises of the Global Capitalist System, we discover that such a perspective leads to the need to include among the characteristics of the EETDS for the 21st Century its capacity to build an ecologically sustainable egalitarian Trans- development strategy from the beginning. In addition, democracy must be deepened from the beginning. For the Global South including Eurasia, and particularly for Africa and Latin America, a new cooperative community of nations following their own rhythm to reach their own dynamic trajectories towards development as freedom will be possible if they cooperate regionally and globally on the basis of equal sovereignty and mutual respect. One precondition is to pragmatically unite for a common economic strategy. For this a decolonization of the mind in the global south is also necessary. The Gramscian idea of counterhegemony can be a fruitful way to carry out a thoroughgoing decolonization that dialectically addresses both material and ideational/ideological aspects of such decolonization. Strengthening the global south counterhegemonic movement built around a strategic program of trans-development is crucial for achieving real decolonization and creating a planetary ecological civilization.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Trans-development,Counterhegemony, Decolonization, Global South, Dialectics, Enabling Ecological Trans-developmental State(EETDS), Stoffwechsel, Ecological Imperialism, Relative Degrowth, New Non-aligned Movement(NNAM), New International Economic Order, Democratic Internationalism, Egalitarianism, Ecological Crisis, Global Capitalist System(GCS), Counterhegemonic movements, Ecosocialism, Nonlinearities, Multiple equilibria, Entropy and Information Theory
• Subjects: F - International Economics > F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development; P - Economic Systems > P0 - General

References

Amsden, Alice H. 1989. Asia’s Next Giant. New York: Oxford University Press.

Arrighi, Giovanni. 2010, 1994. The Long Twentieth Century. London: Verso

----------------------. 2007. Adam Smith in Beijing. London: Verso

Burkett, Paul. 1999.Marx and Nature: A Red and Green Perspective. New York: Palgrave.

----------------. 2005. “Marx’s Vision of Sustainable Human Development”. Monthly Review. 57(5):34-62.

Chang, H.-J. ed.(2007) Institutional Change and Economic Development, UNU press, Tokyo.

--------------2003. Globalisation, Economic Development and the role of the State, London: Zed Books.

-------------2008. Bad Samaritans, London: Bloomsbury Press

--------------1994.The political economy of industrial policy, New York: St. Martin’s Press.

Clark, Brett and J.B. Foster.2009. “Ecological Imperialism and Global Metabolic Rift: Unequal Exchange and the Guano/Nitrates Trade”. International Journal of Comparative Sociology.50(3-4):311-334.

------------- and Richard York.2005. “Carbon Metabolism: Global Capitalism,Climate Change and the Biospheric Rift”. Theory and Society 34(4):391-428.

Cline, William R. (1982). "Can the East Asian Export Model of Development Be Generalized?",World Development, Vol.10, no.2 pp.81-90.

Escobar, A.1995. Encountering Development. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Evans, Peter.1989. “Predatory, Developmental and Other Apparatuses: A Comparative Political Economy Perspective on The Third World State”, Sociological Forum,4. 233-46.

-----------1995. Embedded Autonomy: States and Industrial Transformation. Princeton, Princeton University Press.

----------2007. “Extending the Institutional Turn: Property, Politics and Development Trajectories”, in Chang(2007):35-52.

Fields, Gary S. 1979. “A Welfare economic approach to Growth and distribution in the Dual Economy”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, August.

Foster, John Bellamy. 2000. Marx’s Ecology: Materialism and Nature. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Foster, John Bellamy. 2009. Ecological Revolution: Making Peace with the Planet. New York: Monthly Review Press.

Foster, John Bellamy. 2020. The Return of Nature: Socialism and Ecology. New York: Monthly Review Press.

------ and Paul Burkett. 2016. Marx and the Earth: An Anti-Critique. Leyden: Brill

----, Hannah Holleman and Brett Clark. 2019. “ Imperialism in the Anthropocene”. Monthly Review 7(3):70-88.

Fosu, Augustin K. ed.2013. Achieving Development Success, Oxford University Press. Gabriele, Alberto and Haider Khan.2010. Enhancing technological progress in a market-socialist context: China’s national innovation system at the crossroads, Berlin: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing

Ghosh, Jayati.2010. "Global crisis and beyond: Sustainable growth trajectories for the developing world", International Labour Review, July 2010.

Ghosh, Jayati (2009). After crisis: adjustment, recovery, and fragility in East Asia. Delhi: Tulika Books

Johnson, Chalmers.1982. MITI and the Japanese Miracle. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

--------1984. “The Institutional Foundations of Japanese Industrial Policy”, California Management Review, 27(1):71-90.

--------1999. “The Developmental State: Odyssey of a Concept”, in Woo-Cumings, M.ed.(1999). The Developmental State in Historical Perspective. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Jomo K. S. ed. (2007). Malaysian Industrial Policy. Singapore University Press, Singapore, and University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.

Jomo K. S., Chang Y. T., Khoo K. J. with others (2004). Deforesting Malaysia: The Political Economy and Social Ecology of Agricultural Expansion and Commercial Logging. Zed Books, London.

Jomo K. S. ed. (1995). Privatizing Malaysia: Rents, Rhetoric, Realities. Westview Press, Boulder.

Jomo K. S. with Shyamala Nagaraj eds. (2001). Globalization Versus Development: Heterodox Perspectives. Palgrave, Houndmills.

Jomo, K.S. and Wee (2008) "Lessons From Post-Colonial Malaysian Economic Development", paper prepared for WIDER conference on Country Role Models for Development Success, June13-14, Helsinki

Jumarie, Guy(2000). Maximum Entropy, Information without Probability and Complex Fractals: Classical and quantum approach, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Keynes, J. M.(1971-79), The Collected Writings of John Maynard Keynes, 29 vols., ed., D. E. Moggridge for the Royal Economic Society, London: Macmillan.

Khan HA.2023a. Ecological Imperialism: A Circuits Approach. Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/116844.htm

Khan HA.2023b. Ecological Resource Depletion, Inequality and Poverty. Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/117467.htm

Khan HA.2023c.Socialism or Barbarism in the 21st Century? China vs. Global North during Capitalist (COVID) Crisis, Inequality and Poverty, Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/117227.htm

Khan HA. 2022. Afterward: Where do we go from Crisis, Inequalities and Poverty. In Crisis, Inequalities and Poverty, Francesco Schettino and Fabio Clementi. Leyden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers, pp.: 141-182.

Khan HA.2014.Development and Women's Rights as Human Rights: A Political and Social Economy Approach within a Deep Democratic Framework, Denver Journal of International Law and Policy Vol. 42, No. 3(Aug. 2014).

Khan HA 2013.Development Strategies: Lessons from the Experiences of South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam, in Augustin K. Fosu ed. Achieving Development Success, Oxford University Press:119-132.

Khan HA (2012a). “Enhancing Economic Integration in the Asia-Pacific through the Strengthening of National Innovation Systems - Challenges and Strategies”, Asia-Pacific Technology Monitor, March-April, 2012

Khan HA (2012b). “Deepening Democracy During Crisis”, Cosmopolis, Summer, 2012

Khan HA (2010). “China’s Development Strategy and Energy Security”, in Amelia Santos-Paulino and Guanghua Wan ed. The Rise of China and India: Development Strategies and Lessons, Palgrave/Macmillan, 2010

Khan HA (2009). “A Theory of Deep Democracy in the Age of Postmodernism” (2009), in Readings in Law and Society Journal, 1. (1).

Khan HA (2008a). "Building an Innovative Economy through Managed Creative Destruction: A Theory with Applications to South Korea". Accessed April 2015 at: http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/7713.htm

Khan HA (2008b). “Democracy in Bangladesh: from Crisis to Sustainability” (2008), Journal of Bangladesh Studies, 9. (2): 13-25.

Khan HA (2004a). Innovation and Growth in East Asia: The Future of Miracles. Houndsmills and New York: Macmillan/Palgrave.

Khan HA (2004b). Global Markets and Financial Crisis in Asia: Towards a Theory for the Twenty First Century. Houndsmills and New York:Macmillan/Palgrave.

Khan HA (2003a). Technology and Modernity: Creating Social Capabilities in a POLIS. In Misa T ed. Technology and Modernity, Cambridge: The MIT Press, Chapter12.

-------(2003b) “What can the African countries learn from the macroeconomics of foreign aid in Southeast Asia?”, Aryeetey, E., Court, J., Nissanke, M. and Weder, B., Asia and Africa in the Global Economy, Tokyo, UNU Press.

Khan HA (2002). "Innovation and Growth in a Schumpeterian Model". Oxford Development Studies 30(3): 289-306.

Khan HA (1998). Technology, Development and Democracy: Limits to National Innovation Systems in the Age of Postmodernism. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.

Khan HA (1997a). Technology, Energy and Development: The South Korean Transition. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.

Khan HA (1997b). “Ecology, Inequality and Poverty: The Case of Bangladesh” AsianDevelopment Review, 15 (2)

Khan HA .1985. “Technology Choice in the Energy and Textile Sectors in the Republic of Korea” (1985), in A.S. Bhalla (ed.) Technology and Employment in Industry, 3rd ed.

Khan HA(1983)"Technology, Energy, Distribution and Balance of Payments:A Macroeconomic Framework", Unpublished dissertation, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

Khan HA (1997a). Technology, Energy and Development: The South Korean Transition. Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.

Khan HA (1997b). “Ecology, Inequality and Poverty: The Case of Bangladesh” , Asian Development Review, 15 (2)

Khan, H. A. (2012). Enhancing Economic Integration in the Asia-Pacific through the Strengthening of National Innovation Systems – Challenges and Strategies. Asia-Pacific Technology Monitor

Khan, H. A. (2004). Innovation and Growth in East Asia: The Future of Miracles. (Houndsmills and Macmillan/Palgrave: New York).

Khan, H. A. (1998). Technology, Development, and Democracy, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar

Khan, H. A, (2021). COVID-19 in South Africa: An Intersectional Perspective based on Socio-economic modeling and Indigenous Knowledge Base. Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/108321.htm

Khan, H. A. (2015). “What Should the AIIB’s Priorities Be?” World Economic Forum, April 27. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/04/what-should-the-aiibs-priorities-be/.

Khan, H. A. (2018). “The Future of Bangladesh: ICT and Technological Superconvergence.” Journal of Bangladesh Studies 18, no. 1-2.

Khan, H. A. (2021a). “AI, Deep Machine Learning via Neuro-Fuzzy Models: Complexities of International Financial Economics of Crises.” International Journal of Computational & Neural Engineering, 122–34. https://doi.org/10.19070/2572-7389-2100016.

Khan, H. A. (2021b). “Governing a Complex Global Financial System in the Age of Global Instabilities and BRICS.” Handbook of BRICS and Emerging Economies, 940–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827535.003.0037.

Khan, H. A. (2021b). “Governing a Complex Global Financial System in the Age of Global Instabilities and BRICS.” Handbook of BRICS and Emerging Economies, 940–79. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827535.003.0037.

--------------(2024a), 21st Century Accelerated Dedollarization, Multipolarity and The Global South Beyond Modern Money Theory: Governance of a Complex Global Financial System in the Age of Global Instabilities. Econpapers. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/119650.htm

------------------(2024b). Development Orders and Disorders: Real Competition in Complex Global Capitalist System, China’s Ambiguous Case, and the Need for Democratic Socialism in the 21st Century. Econpapers. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/119640.htm

-------------------(2024c). Dialectics of Emergy in a Social Accounting Matrix. Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/119651.htm

---------------------(2024d). Ecological Crisis and the Global South Internationalist Ecosocialism: A Strategy for Comprehensive Sustainable Non-capitalist Development in the Global South. Econpapers. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/119639.htm

----------------------(2024e). Ecological Thinking of Tagore and Ecological Equity: A 21st Century Perspective. Econpapers. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/119665.htm

-----------------------(2024f). Geoeconomics of a New Eurasia during the Fourth Industrial Revolution: The Role of China’s Innovation System, BRI and Sanctions from the Global North. Econpapers. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/119637.htm

-------------------------(2024g). Women’s Socially Embedded Capabilities and Development: A Theory-based Empirical Investigation. Econpapers. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/119908.htm

-------------(2023a). Can BRI be the Road to Peace and Prosperity?. Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/117081.htm

--------------(2023b). Towards a General Complex Systems Model of Economic Sanctions with Some Results Outlining Consequences of Sanctions on the Russian Economy and the World. Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/116806.htm

---------------(2023c). The Economic and Geopolitical Consequences of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)for China: A preliminary model-based analysis. Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/117005.htm

------------------(2003d). Towards a General Complex Systems Model of Economic Sanctions with Some Results Outlining Consequences of Sanctions on the Russian Economy and the World. EconPapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/116806.htm

----------------(2003e) . Towards a New Non-aligned Movement(NNAM) and a New International Economic Order:A Strategy for Comprehensive Non-capitalist Development in the 21st Century. EconPapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/117143.htm

-----------------(2023f). War and Peace in East Asia: Avoiding Thucydides’s Trap with China as a Rising Power. Econpapers. https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/117089.htm

---------and Jiang, X.2023. Geoeconomics, Structural Change and Energy Use in Iran: A SAM-Based CGE Analysis with Some Geoeconomic and Geopolitical Considerations. Econpapers https://econpapers.repec.org/paper/pramprapa/117155.htm

----------------, Dario Judzik and Laura Spagnlo(2016a)Social capabilities–based flexicurity for a learning economy, Sage Economic and Labour Relations Review, Vol. 27, Issue 3, 2016

------ and Victor Lippit. 1993.“The Surplus Approach to Environment” (1993), Review of Political Economy.

------- and Victor Lippit. 2007. “Sustainability and Surplus ”, Storrs, Ct.:Econ Papers http://econpapers.repec.org/paper/tkyfseres/2007cf464.htm ( Last accessed on Sep. 15, 2015).

------ and Yi-bei Liu (2008) . “Ecological Economics of Water Management in China” in I. Usha ed. Global Law and Economics of Sustainable Development, IFCAI Press.

------ and Erik Thorbecke(1989).“Macroeconomic Effects of Technology Choice: Multiplier and Structural Path Analysis”, Journal of Policy Modeling, 11 (1)

----------(1988), Macroeconomic Effects and Diffusion of Alternative Technologies Within a Social Accounting Matrix Framework: the Case of Indonesia, Gower Publication, CO. Aldershot, U.K.

Khan HA and John Weiss 2006. “Poverty Strategies in Asia: growth plus”, in Weiss, John and H. A. Khan eds.(2006) Poverty Strategies in Asia: A Growth Plus Approach, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar and ADBI. 1-40.

Lee, Keun(2008) "Can Korea be a Role Model for Development?A “Capability-based View” on Korea", paper prepared for WIDER conference on Country Role Models for Development Success, June13-14, Helsinki

Lee, Keun, 2006, “The Washington Consensus and East Asian Sequencing: Understanding Reform in East and South Asia,” J. Fanelli and G. McMahon, eds. Understanding Market Reforms Vol. 2: Palgrave, 2006 .

Li, Minqi. 2008. The Rise of China and the Demise of the Capitalist World Economy. New York: The Monthly Review Press.

Mann, Michael. 1988. “The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanism and Results”, in Mann, M. States, War and History, Oxford: Blackwell.

Mayer, Jörg(2002). "The Fallacy of Composition:A Review of the Literature", The World Economy, Vol.25,pp.875-94.

Nussbaum, Martha (1995). “Human capabilities, female human beings.” In M.C. Nussbaum, and J. Glover (eds.), Women, culture and development (pp.61-104). Oxford: Clarendon Press.

-----(2000). Women and Human Development: the capabilities approach. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.

Peet, Richard.2007. Geography of Power: Making Global Economic Policy. London: Zed Press

--------- and Elaine Hartwick. 2009. Theories of Development: Contentions, Arguments, Alternatives. London: Guilford Press.

Prashad, Vijay. 2014. The Poorer Nations: A possible history of the Global South.London: Verso.

Rahnema, M. and V. Bowtree. 1997. The Postdevelopmental Reader. London: Zed Books.

Razmi, Arslan and Robert Blecker (2006)."Developing Country Exports of Manufactures:moving up the export ladder to escape the fallacy of composition?", Journal of Development Studies, Vol.44, No.1, January:21-48.

Reinert,Erik S. 2007.”Institutionalism ancient, old and new: A historical perspective on institutions and uneven development”, in Chang, H.-J. ed.(2007) Institutional Change and Economic Development, UNU press, Tokyo. 53-74.

Saito, Kohei.2017. Karl Marx’s Ecosocialism: Capital, Nature, and the Unfinished Critique of Political Economy. New York:Monthly Review Press.

---------------.2023. Marx in the Anthropocene. Towards the Idea of Degrowth Communism, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Schettino, Francesco and Fabio Clementi Crisis, Inequalities and Poverty, Leyden, The Netherlands: Brill Publishers, November, 2022.

Schneider, Aaron(2015). “Democratic Deepening and International Insertion: The Emergence of Brazil and India”, unpublished paper, JKSIS, University of Denver. Thoburn, J.T.(2008), "Viet Nam", paper prepared for WIDER conference on Country Role Models for Development Success, June13-14, Helsinki

Sen, Amartya. 2009. The Idea of Justice. Cambridge, Ma.: The Belknap Press of the Harvard University Press.

-----(1999). Development as Freedom. Oxford: Oxford University Press and New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.

-----(1992). Inequality Reexamined. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Shaikh, Anwar(2016). Capitalism: Competition,Conflict,Crisis, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Thoburn, J.T., K. Sutherland and Nguyen Thi Hoa (2007), ‘Globalisation and restructuring in the textiles sector on households in Vietnam: impacts on households’, Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, vol.12, no.3, August,: 345-366

Wade, Robert 1990. Governing the Market. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Warr, Peter(2008) "Thailand's Development Strategy and Growth Performance", paper prepared for WIDER conference on Country Role Models for Development Success, June13-14, Helsinki

Warr, Peter (1993) ‘The Thai Economy’ in Peter Warr (ed.) The Thai Economy in Transition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1-80.

Warr, Peter (1999). 'What Happened to Thailand?', The World Economy, 22 (July), 631-650.

Warr, Peter (2005) ‘Boom, Bust and Beyond’ in Peter Warr (ed.) Thailand Beyond the Crisis, Routledge, London, 3-65.

Weiss, Linda.1998. The Myth of the Powerless State. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Weiss, John and H. A. Khan eds.(2006) Poverty Strategies in Asia: A Growth Plus Approach, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar and ADBI.

Woo-Cumings, M. ed.(1999). The Developmental State in Historical Perspective. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.