Pitelis, Christos (2009): Foreign direct investment and economic integration.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_23938.pdf Download (276kB) | Preview |
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the competitiveness of emerging economies and economic integration. We structure the paper as follows. Following this Introduction (Section I), in Section II, we assess briefly and critically extant theories of FDI and the MNE. In Section III, we critically assess competitiveness and catching-up theory and policy and the role of FDI in this context. Section IV sets off from limitations of extant scholarship identified in the previous section to develop a novel framework for competitiveness and catching-up and discuss the role of FDI, clusters and government policy in its context. Section V discusses ways through which emerging economies can effect economic integration through enhanced competitiveness and accelerated catching-up, by leveraging strategies informed from recent developments on scholarship in International Business (IB) strategy. Section VI summarizes and concludes.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Foreign direct investment and economic integration |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Foreign Direct Investment, Multinational Enterprise, International Competitiveness, Integration |
Subjects: | F - International Economics > F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business > F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business |
Item ID: | 23938 |
Depositing User: | Christos Pitelis |
Date Deposited: | 26 Jul 2010 11:11 |
Last Modified: | 29 Sep 2019 07:19 |
References: | Abramovitz, M. (1986) “Catching Up, Forging Ahead and Falling Behind”, Journal of Economic History, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 385 – 406. Aiginger, K. (2006a) “Revisiting an Evasive Concept: Introduction to the Special Issue on Competitiveness”, Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, vol. 6, pp. 63-66. Aiginger, K. (2006b) “Competitiveness: From a Dangerous Obsession to a Welfare Creating Ability with Positive Externalities”, Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, vol. 6, pp. 161-177. Amsden, A. H. (1989) Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, Oxford: University Press. Amsden, A. H. (1997) “Korea: Entrepreneurial Groups and Enterprising Government”, in A.D. Chandler Jr., F. Amatori and T. Hikino (eds.), Big Business and the Wealth of Nations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Amsden, A. H. (2009) “Escape from Empire: The Developing World's Journey through Heaven and Hell”, Boston: MIT Press. Audretsch, D. B. (1989) The Market and the State, London: Harvester, Wheatsheaf. Baddeley, M. (2006) “Convergence or Divergence? The Impacts of Globalisation on Growth and Inequality in Less Developed Countries”, International Review of Applied Economics, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 391-410. Bain, J. S. (1956) Barriers to New Competition: Their Character and Consequences for Manufacturing Industries, Boston, MA: Harvard University Press. Barney, J. B. (1991) “Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage”, Journal of Management, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 99-120. Barro, R. J. and Sala-i-Martin, X. (2004) Economic Growth, second edition, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Baumol, W. J. (1991) Perfect Markets and Easy Virtue, Oxford: Blackwell. Best, M. (1990) The New Competition: Institutions for Industrial Restructuring, Boston, MA: Harvard University Press. Boltho, A. and Allsopp, C.J. (1987) “The Assessment: Trade and Trade Policy”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 3, pp. i-xix. Bowman, C. and Ambrosini, V. (2000) “Value Creation Versus Value Capture: Towards a Coherent Definition of Value in Strategy”, British Journal of Management, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1– 15. Buckley, P.J./Casson, M.C. (1976) The Future of Multinational Enterprise, London: Macmillan. Buckley, P. J./Ghauri P. N. (2004) “Globalisation, Economic Geography and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprise”, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 33-45. Cantwell, J. A./Iammarino, S. (2000) “Multinational Corporations and the Location of Technological Innovation in the UK Regions”, Regional Studies, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 317-322. Casson, M. (1990) ‘Introduction’ to The Large Multinational Corporation by Stephen Hymer, in M. Casson (ed.) Multinational Corporations, Hants: Edward Elgar. Chandler, A. D. (1962), Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Chang, H. J. (1994) The Political Economy of Industrial Policy, New York: St. Martin’s Press. Chang, H. J. (2002) Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective, London: Anthem Press. Chesier, S./Penrose, J. (2007) Top 200 Industrial Strategies of Viet Nam’s Largest Firms, United Nations Development Programme, Viet Nam. Coase R.H. (1937) “The nature of the firm”, Economica, vol. 4, pp. 386-405. Cyert, R. M. & March, J. G. 1963/1992. A Behavioral Theory of the Firm, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. de la Mothe, J. and Paquet, G., (eds.) (1997) Evolutionary Economics and the New International Political Economy, London: Pinter. Deraniyagala, S. and Fine, B. (2001) “New Trade Theory versus Old Trade Policy: A Continuing Enigma”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 25, pp. 809-825. Dobb, M. (1973), Theories of Value and Distribution since Adam Smith: Ideology and Economic Theory, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Dooley, P. C., “Value”, in Creedy, J. (ed) (1990) Foundations of Economic Thought, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 124-158. Doz, Y.L., Santos, J. and Williamson P. (2001) From global to metanational: how companies win in the knowledge economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Dunning, J.H. (1958) American Investment in British Manufacturing Industry, London: Allen and Unwin. Dunning, J.H. (1993) “Internationalising Porter’s Diamond”, Management International Review, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 7−15. Dunning, J.H. (1998) “Location and the Multinational Enterprise: A Neglected Factor?” Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 45-66. Dunning, J.H. (2000) “The Eclectic Paradigm as an Envelope for Economic and Business Theories of MNE Activity”, International Business Review, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 163-90. Dunning, J.H. (2001) “The Key Literature on IB Activities: 1960-2000”, in Rugman, A.C. and Brewer, T.L. (eds.), Oxford Handbook of International Business, Oxford: Oxford University Press , pp.36-68. Dunning, J.H. (2003) “The Contribution of Edith Penrose to International Business Scholarship”, Management International Review, vol. 43, no. 1. Dunning, J.H. (2005) “Towards a New Paradigm of Development; Implications for the Determinants of International Business Activity”, Mimeo, Universities of Reading and Rutgers. Dunning, J. H. (2006) “Towards a New Paradigm of Development: Implications for the Determinants of International Business Activity”, Transnational Corporations, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 173–228. Dunning, J.H. and Lundan, S. M. (2006) “The MNE as a Creator, Fashioner and Respondent to Institutional Change”, Mimeo, Universities of Reading, Rutgers and Maastricht. Dunning J.H. and Pitelis, N.C. (2008) “Stephen Hymer’s Contribution to International Business Scholarship: An Assessment and Extension”, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 39, pp.167–176. Edquist, C. (2005) “Systems of innovation: Perspectives and Challenges”, in Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D.C. and Nelson, R.R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 181-208. Fagerberg, J. and Srholec, M. (2005) Catching up: What are the Critical Factors for Success?, Industrial Development Report, UNIDO. Fagerberg, J. and Verspagen, B. (2002) “Technology-gaps, Innovation-Diffusion and Transformation: An Evolutionary Interpretation”, Research Policy, vol. 31, pp. 1291- 1304. Fagerberg, J. and Godinho M. M. (2005) “Innovation and Catching-up”, in Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D.C. and Nelson, R.R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D. and Nelson, R. R. (eds.) (2005) The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Feenstra, R.C. (1996) “Trade and uneven growth”, Journal of Development Economics, vol. 49, pp. 229-256. Fine, B. (2000) “Endogenous Growth Theory: A Critical Assessment”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 24, no. 2, pp.245-65. Freeman, C. (1995) “The ‘National System of Innovation’ in Historical Perspective”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 19, pp. 5-24. Grabowski, R. (1994) “The Successful Developmental State: Where Does it Come From?” World Development, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 413-422. Grant, R. M. (2005) Contemporary Strategy Analysis, Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. Henderson, J. V. (2005) New Economic Geography, Northampton, MA: Elgar Publishing Inc. Hill, C. (2006) International Business, McGraw Hill, 6th Edition. Horaguchi, H. and Toyne, B. (1990) “Setting the record straight: Hymer, internalization theory and transaction cost economics”, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 487–495. Hymer, S.H. (1968) “The Large Multinational ‘Corporation’”, in Casson, M. (1990) (ed.), Multinational Corporations, Hants: Edward Elgar, pp. 6-31. Hymer, S.H. (1970) “The Efficiency (Contradictions) of Multinational Corporations”, American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, vol. 60, pp. 441-48. Hymer, S.H. (1972) “The Multinational Corporation and the Law of Uneven Development”, in Bhagwati, J.N. (ed.), Economics and World Order, London: Macmillan. Hymer, S.H. (1976) The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Foreign Direct Investment, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Jackson, G. and Deeg, R. (2006) “How Many Varieties of Capitalism? Comparing the comparative institutional analyses of capitalist diversity”, MPIfG Discussion Paper No. 06/2 Jomo, K. S., Chung, C. Y, Folk, B. C., ul-Haque, I., Phongpaichit, P., Simatupang, B. and Tateishi M. (1997) Southeast Asia’s Misunderstood Miracle: Industrial Policy and Economic Development in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia, Oxford: Westview Press. Jovanovic, M. N. (2009) Evolutionary Economic Geography, London: Routledge. Kaldor, N. (1972) “The Irrelevance of Equilibrium Economics”, Economic Journal, vol. 82, no. 328, pp. 1237-1255. Kay, N. (1999) “Hercules and Penrose”, Contributions to Political Economy, vol. 18, pp. 67-86. Keynes, J. M. (1936) The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, London: Macmillan. Kogut, B. and Zander, U. (1993) “Knowledge of the Firm and the Evolutionary Theory of the Multinational Corporation”, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 625-645. Kottaridi C., Papanastassiou M., Pitelis C.N. and Thomakos D. (2006) The Multinational Corporation and the Global Sourcing of Knowledge: Remodeling Absorptive Capacity’, Third Annual JIBS/AIB/CIBER/ERIM Invitational Conference on Emerging Research Frontiers, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, September 2006. Kottaridi, C.,Papanastassiou, M. and Pitelis, C. N. (2008) “‘Productive Opportunity’, MNE Subsidiaries and Internationalization of R&D”, forthcoming. Krueger, A. (1974) “The Political Economy of the Rent-Seeking Society”, American Economic Review, vol. 64, pp. 291-303. Krugman, P.R. (1986) Strategic Trade Policy and the New International Economies, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Krugman, P.R. (1987) “Is Free Trade Passe?”, Journal of Economic Perspective, vol. 1, no. 2, pp.131-44. Krugman, P.R. (1989) “Economic Integration in Europe: Some Conceptual Issues”, in A. Sapir (ed.), The European Internal Market, Oxford: University Press. Krugman, P.R. (1991a) Geography and Trade, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Krugman, P.R. (1991b) “Increasing Returns and Economic Geography”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 99, pp. 483-499. Krugman, P.R. (1992) “Does the New Trade Theory Require a New Trade Policy?”, The World Economy, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 423-442. Krugman, P.R. (1994) “Competitiveness a Dangerous Obsession”, Foreign Affairs, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 28-44. Lall, S. (2000) “Technological Change and Industrialization in the Asian Newly Industrialising Economies: Achievements and Challenges”, in Kim L./Nelson R.(eds.), Technology, Learning and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrialising Economies, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Lin, J. Y. (2004) “Reform and Development in China: A New Institutional Economics Perspective”, Seoul Journal of Economics, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 335-381. Lucas, R.E. (1988) “On the Mechanics of Economic Development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 3-42. Lundvall, B.A. (1988) “Innovation as an Interactive Process from User-producer Interaction to the National System of Innovation”, in Dosi G./Freeman C./Nelson R.R./Silverberg G./Soete L.L.G.(eds.), Technical Change and Economic Theory, London: Pinter. Lundvall, B.A. (2007) “National Innovation Systems – Analytical Concept and Development Tool”, Industry and Innovation, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 95-119. Marris, R., Edith Penrose and Economics, Contributions to Political Economy, vol. 18, 1999, pp. 47-65. Marshall, A. (1920) Principles of Economics, London: Macmillan 9th ed., 1961 (Guillebaud, ed.). Martin R. (1999) “Critical Survey. The New “Geographical Turn” in Economics: Some Critical Reflections”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 23, pp. 65 - 91. Martin R. and Sunlay P. (2003) “Deconstructing Clusters: Chaotic Concept Or Policy Panacea?”, Journal of Economic Geography, vol. 3, pp. 5-35. Metcalfe, J. S. (2002) “On the Optimality of the Competitive Process: Kimura’s Theorem and Market Dynamics”, Journal of Bioeconomics, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 109-133. Monteiro, L.F., Arvidsson, N., and Birkinshaw, J. (2008) “Knowledge Flows within Multinational Corporations: Explaining Subsidiary Isolation and its Performance Implications”, Organization Science, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 90-107. Nelson, R. R. (1995) “Coevolution of Industry Structure, Technology and Supporting Institutions, and the Making of Comparative Advantage”, International Journal of the Economics of the Business, vol. 2, pp. 171-84. Nelson, R. R., Winter, S. G. (2002) “Evolutionary Theorizing in Economics”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 16, no. 2, pp.23-46. Nolan, P. (2001) China and the Global Economy, London: Palgrave. Nolan, P., Zhang J. and Liu C. (2008) “The Global Business Revolution, the Cascade Effect, and the Challenges for Firms from Developing Countries”, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol. 32, pp. 29-47. North, D.C. (1994) “Economic Performance Through Time”, The American Economic Review, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 359-368. Penrose, E.T. (1956) “Foreign Investment and the Growth of the Firm”, Economic Journal, vol. 66, pp. 220-235. Penrose, E. (1959) The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Penrose, E. T. (1987) “Multinational corporations”, in Eatwell, J., P. Newman and M. Milgate (eds.), The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, pp. 562-564. Peteraf, M. (1993) “The Cornerstone of Competitive Advantage”, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 14, pp. 179-191. Pitelis, C.N. (1994) “Industrial Strategy: for Britain, in Europe and the World”, Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 2-92. Pitelis, C.N. (1997) Economic Integration through Foreign Direct Investment in (the Less Favoured Countries of) Central and Eastern Europe and Impact on the (Less Favoured Countries of the) European Union, ACE Project No 94-0719-R. Pitelis, C.N. (2000) A Theory of the (Growth of the) Transnational Firm: A Penrosean Perspective, Contributions to Political Economy, vol. 19, pp. 71-89. Pitelis, C.N. (2001) “Industrial Strategy”, in M. Warner (ed.), International Encyclopedia of Business and Management, Routledge/ITBP. Pitelis, C.N. (ed.), (2002a) The Growth of the firm: the legacy of Edith Penrose, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pitelis, C.N. (2002b) “Stephen Hymer: Life and the Political Economy of Multinational Corporate Capital”, Contributions to Political Economy, vol. 21, pp. 9- 26. Pitelis, C.N. (2004) “(Corporate) Governance, (Shareholder) Value and (Sustainable) Economic Performance”, Corporate Governance: An International Review, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 210-223. Pitelis, C.N. (2004) “Edith Penrose and the resource-based view of (international) business strategy”, International Business Review, vol. 13, pp. 523–532. Pitelis, C. N. (2007a) “Twenty Years Resource-Based View (or is it 50?): Some (Old and) New Challenges and Need for Extensions”, International Journal of Learning and Intellectual Capital, Special Issue on ‘the Resource-Based Theory of the Firm’, vol. 4, no. 1/2, pp.: 47-56. Pitelis, C.N. (2007b) “European Industrial and Competition Policy”, Policy Studies, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 365-381. Pitelis, C.N. (2007c) “Edith Penrose and a Learning-based Perspective on the MNE and the OLI”, Management International Review, vol. 47, no. 2, pp.: 207-219. Pitelis, C. N. (2009) ‘The Co-Evolution of Organizational Value Capture, Value Creation and Sustainable Advantage’, Organization Studies, 2009, forthcoming. Pitelis, C.N. and M. W. Wahl (1998) “Edith Penrose: pioneer of stakeholder theory”, Long Range Planning, vol. 31,no. 2, pp. 252-261. Pitelis, C.N. and Taylor, S. (1999) “From Generic Strategies to Value for Money in Hypercompetitive Environments”, Journal of General Management, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 45-61. Pitelis, C.N. and Sugden R. (2002) “Preface”, Contributions to Political Economy, Special Issue on Stephen Hymer, vol. 21, pp. 1-4. Pitelis, C.N., Sugden, R. and Wilson J. (eds.) (2006), Clusters and Globalisation: The Development of Urban and Regional Economies, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Pitelis, C. N. and Boddewyn, J. ‘Where is the “I” in “IB” Research?’, University of Cambridge and City University New York, mimeo. 2009 Porter, M.E. (1980) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, New York: The Free Press. Porter, M.E. (1985) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance. New York: The Free Press. Porter, M.E. (1990) The Competitive Advantage of Nations, Macmillan, Basingstoke. Research Policy (2006) Special Issue Commemorating the 20th Anniversary of David Teece's Article, ‘Profiting from Innovation’, H. Chesbrough /H., Birkinshaw J./Teubal M. (eds.) Research Policy, vol. 35, no. 8. Ricardo, D. (1817) The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, London: John Murray; reprinted, Dent: Dutton, 1973. Richardson, G.B. (1972) “The Organisation of Industry”, Economic Journal, vol. 82, pp. 883-896. Robbins, L. (1935) An Essay on The Nature and Significance of Economic Science, London: Macmillan. Rodrik, D. (2004) “Growth Strategies”, Working Paper, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. Romer, P. M. (1986) “Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 1002-1037. Romer, P.M. (1990) “Endogenous Technological Change”, Journal of Political Economy, vol. 98, pp. 71-101. Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke A. (1993) “Foreign Subsidiaries and Multinational Strategic Management: an Extension and Correction of Porter's Single Diamond Framework”, Management International Review, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 71-84. Rugman, A.M. and Verbeke, A. (2002) “Edith Penrose’s Contribution to the Resource-Based View of Strategic Management”, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 23, pp. 69-78. Samuelson, P. A. (1962) “The Gains from International Trade Once Again”, The Economic Journal, vol. 72, no. 288, pp. 820-829. Schumpeter, J. (1942) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, New York: Harper & Row, 25th ed., London: Unwin Hyman, 1987. Serra, N. and Stiglitz J. (2008) The Washington Consensus Reconsidered: Towards a New Global Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Shapiro, H. and Taylor, L. (1990) “The State and Industrial Strategy”, World Development, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 861-878. Smith, A. (1776) An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, London: Strahan & Cadell, in Campbell R.H. and Skinner A.S. (eds.), Oxford:University Press 1976. Solow, M.R. (1956) “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 70, pp. 65-94. Solow, M.R. (1997) Learning from ‘LEARNING BY DOING’: Lessons for Economic Growth, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. Solow, M.R. (2000) Growth Theory: An exposition, Oxford: Oxford University Press. J.C. Spender (1994) “Organizational knowledge, collective practice and Penrose rents”, International Business Review, vol. 3, pp.353 - 367. Stiglitz, J. (1989) “Markets, Market Failures and Development”, American Economic Review, vol. 79, no. 2, pp. 197-203. Stiglitz, J. (1998) “The Private Uses of Public Interests: Incentives and Institutions”, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 3-22. Stiglitz, J. (2001) “Foreword” in K Polanyi (ed.) The Great Transformation. The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time, Boston: Beacon Press. Teece, D. J. (1986) “Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy”, Research Policy, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 285-305. Teece, D. J. (1986) “Transaction Cost Economics and the Multinational Enterprise: An Assessment”, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, vol. 7, pp. 21-45. Teece, D.J. (2006) “Reflections on the Hymer thesis and the multinational enterprise”, International Business Review, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 124-139. The Economist, “Face value: The master builder”, 15th October 2005, pp. 88. Tirole, J. (1988) The Theory of Industrial Organization, Cambridge MA: MIT Press. Venables, A. J (2003) “Gainers and Losers from Regional Integration Agreements”, Economic Journal, vol. 113, no. 490, pp. 747-761. Verbeke, A. (2003) “The evolutionary view of the MNE and the future of internalization theory”, Journal of International Business Studies, vol. 34, pp. 498 – 504. Verbeke, A. and Yuan, W. (2007) “Entrepreneurship in Multinational Enterprises: A Penrosean Perspective”, Management International Review, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 139- 149. Vernon, R. (1966) “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle”, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 80, no. 2, pp. 190-207. Verspagen, B. (2005) “Innovation and Economic Growth”, in Fagerberg, J., Mowery, D.C. and Nelson, R.R. (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Innovation, Oxford: University Press. Wade, R. (1990) Governing the Market: Economic Theory and the Role of Government in East Asian Industrialization, Princeton: Princeton University Press. Wernerfelt, B. (1984) “The Resource-based View of the Firm”, Strategic Management Journal, vol. 5, pp. 171-180. Wignarajah, G. (ed.) (2003) Competitiveness Strategy and Industrial Performance in Developing Countries: A Manual Policy Analysis, Oxford: Routledge. Williamson, O. E. (1981) “The Modern Corporation: origins, evolution, attributes”, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1537-1569. Young, A. (1928) “Increasing Returns and Economic Progress”, Economics Journal, vol. 38, no.152, pp. 527-542. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/23938 |