Principle-Agent Analysis of Technology Project (LINCOS) in Costa Rica

Mamoon, Dawood and Hernandez, SIlvia (2017): Principle-Agent Analysis of Technology Project (LINCOS) in Costa Rica.

Abstract

In this paper we analyze the institutional arrangement between various actors to understand how ICT project objectives flow among actors in a standard LINCOS project and how they would affect the sustainability and effectiveness of LINCOS in particular and an ICT project in general. Since there are many actors involved in different stages and processes of a single LINCOS project, the paper analyses the bilateral and multilateral relationships among these actors to understand the factors that might affect the efficiency of the ICT project. In other words the paper looks at the actors involved in a LINCOS project in an effort to capture those circumstances under which a LINCOS project is exposed to principal- agent problems.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Technology, Game theory, Project Evaluation
• Subjects: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development > O19 - International Linkages to Development ; Role of International Organizations; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O2 - Development Planning and Policy > O22 - Project Analysis; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights > O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights > O33 - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences ; Diffusion Processes; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights > O35 - Social Innovation

References

Anangwe, A. (1995), “NGO-State Relations in Kenya’ , mimeo, University Of Nairobi.

Arrossi, S; Bombarolo, F; Hardoy; J; Mitlin, D; Coscio, L and Satterthwaite, D. (1994). Funding Community Initiatives. Earthscan Publications, London.

Bratton, M. (1989), ‘The Politics of Government–NGO Relationships in Africa’, World Development, vol. 17(4), pp. 569-87.

Bebbington, A. and Riddell, R (1994), ‘Heavy Hands, Hidden Hands, Holding Hands? Donors, Intermediary NGOs and Civil Society Organizations’ in Edwards, M. and Hulme D., “NGOs, States and Donors. Too Close for comford?” St. Martin’s Press. New York in association with Save the Children.

Bebbington, A. & Thiele, G. (1993) with Davis, P. Prager, M. & Riveros, H. “Non-Governmental organizations and the State in Latin America” Rethinking Roles in Sustainable Agriculture development. Routledge. London and New York.

Biekart, K. (1999) “The Politics of Civil Society Building: European Private Aid Agencies and Democratic Transitions in Central America” Amsterdam: Transnational Institute.

Bennett, J. and Gibbs, S. (1996). NGO Funding Strategies: An introduction for Southern and Eastern NGOs. Oxford: INTRAC

Caroll, T. (1992) “Intermediary NGOs: The supporting link in grassroots development”. Kumarian Press, Inc. Connecticut, USA.

Castells, Manuel, (2001), “The Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society”, Oxford University Press.

Castells, M. (1999) “Information technology Globalization and Social Development” Discussion Paper no. 114. UNRISD. Switzerland.

Colle, R.D. & Roman, R. (2002) “Themes and Issues in Telecentre Sustainability” Working Paper Series no. 10. Institute for Development Policy and Management. University of Manchester, Precinct Centre, Manchester, UK. www.man.ac.uk/idpm_dp.htm#devinf_wp

Collough, C. and Manor, J. (1991) “States or Markets? Neo Liberalism and the Development Policy Debate, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Oxford.

Economist Intelligence Unit, Country Report on Costa Rica, (2003), www.eiu.com

Edwards, M. & Hulme, D. (1997)” NGOs, States and Donors. Too Close for comford?” St. Martin’s Press. New York in association with Save the Children.

Edwards, M. & A. Fowler (eds.) (2002), “The Earthscan reader on NGO management”. London: Earthscan.

Escobar A. (1995). Encountering Development. Princenton University Press. Princenton.

Farrinton, J., and Bebbington, A., (1993) Reluctant Partners? Non-Governmental Organizations, the State, and Sustainable Agriculture Development, London: Routledge.

Fowler, A. (1995) “Assessing NGO performance: Difficulties, dilemmas and a way ahead” in Edwards M. & Hulme, D. (eds) NGOs Performance and Accountability: Beyond the Magic Bullet. London: Earthscan.

Garnier, L., et at 1997, “Cuando el Desarrollo Social se hace Posible en un Pais Pobre: Costa Rica”, en Revista Economia y Sociedad, #5, set-dic 1997. San Jose, Costa Rica.

Global ICT Education Program “Basic Curriculum: Participatory Rural Development” 4-01-2001. Access 01-03-2004. www.ecomlink.org/ICTworkshop/FAQ.asp?CategoryID=651

Ghimire, Ministry of General Administration Harhar Bhawan, on Use of IT in Public Administration: Experiences from developing countries, Nepal, 1997

Hashemi, S. (1995), ‘NGO Accountability in Bangladesh: Beneficiaries, Donors and the State’, in M. Edwards and D. Hulme (eds), NGO Performance and Accountability: Beyond the magic Bullet, London: Earthscan and West Hartford: Kumarian Press.

Hamelink, C, (2000), “The Ethics of Cyberspace”, Equal Entitlement in Cyberspace (London: Sage, 2000), pp. 79-106

Hamelink, C. (1997), ‘New information and Communication Technologies, Social Development and Culture Change’, Discussion Paper DP86, UNRISD, Geneva.

Halachmi, A. (2003), ‘Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy’. Editor: Marcel Dekker. XXXXX

Mancuso Brehm, V. (2001), “Promoting Effective North-South Partnerships: A comparative Study of Ten European NGOs”, INTRAC Occasional Paper #35.

James, J. (2002), “Technology, Globalization and Poverty”. Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK and Northampton MA, USA

Korten, D.C (1987), “Third Generation NGO strategies: A key to people centered Development” in World Development 15:145-159.

Laffont, J. and Tirole, J. (1993), “A theory of Incentives in Procurement and Regulation”. The MIT Press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. London, England.

LINCOS: Little Intelligent Communities (2000). San José, Costa Rica [Multimedia CD-ROM].

Macdonald, L. (1997) “Supporting Civil Society: the Political Role of Non-Governmental organizations in Central America”. London: Macmillan Press LTD.

Mokbul Morshed Ahmad (2000) “Donors, NGOs, the State and Their Clients in Bangladesh” Maniruddin Ahmed and Lutfun Nahar Publishers. UK

OECD (1998), Voluntary Aid for Development: The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations. (Paris: OECD).

Padrón, M. (1982). NGOs and Grassroots Development: Limits and Possibilities. The Hague, Netherlands: Institute of Social Studies. (libro de Intermediaries)

Pahjola, M. (ed) (2002) Information technology, productivity and Economic Growth, Oxford; Oxford University Press

Proyecto Estado de la Nación 2002, Estado de la Nacion en Desarrollo Humano Sostenible: Un Análisis Amplio y Objetivo sobre la Costa Rica que Tenemos a Partir de los Indicadores mas Actuales, Informe #9, Edit. Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo, Defensoría de los Habitantes, Consejo Nacional de Rectores, Unión Europea, San José, Editorama S.A.

RAWOO lectures and seminar (1998) “Information & Communication technology and Development” Publication no. 18. RAWOO. The Hague, The Netherlands . Riddell, R. & Robinson, M. (1995) with Coninck, J; Muir, A. & White, S. “Non-Governmental Organizations and Rural Poverty Alleviation”. Overseas Development Institute. London: Clarendon Press. Oxford

Robinson, M. (1993). “Governance, Democracy and Conditionality: NGOs and the New Policy Agenda” in Clayton, A. (edt). Governance, Democracy and Conditionality: What Role for NGOs? Oxford INTRAC.

Rodriguez, Francisco. (2000), “Are Poor Countries Losing the Information Revolution?” InfoDev Working Paper, University of Maryland at College Park.

Rodriguez, Miguel Angel (2001), “Costa Rica en el Mundo Digital: Retos y Oportunidades”. CAATEC. San José, Costa Rica.

Rozendal, R (2003), Cultural and Political factors in the Design of ICT Projects in Developing Countries. Research Report No. 19. IICD

Sabater, J.N., Dymond, A. & Juntunen, N. (2002), “Telecommunications and Information Service for the Poor: Toward a Stategy for Universal Access” World Bank Discussion Paper no. 432. World Bank. Washington D.C.

Saith, Ashwani (2001), “Information and Communication technologies and Poverty Alleviation: Some Issues”, Paper presented at the Rural Development Seminar, ISS: The Hague.

Shakeel, H; Best, M; Miller, B; Weber, S; (2001). Comparing Urban and Rural Telecenters Costs for Costa Rica. The Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries. Massachusetts Institute if Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Schech, Susanne (2002), Wired for Change: The Links between ICTs and Development Discourses, Journal of International Development, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 13-23.

Special issues on ICTs (2002), 14(1) The Journal of International Development. Editor: Richard Heeks.

Smillie, I. (1995), “Democracy, Participation and Rights stuff” in Alms Bazaar: Altruism under fire – nonprofit organizations and international development. London: IT

Spence, R. (2003), “Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for poverty reduction: When, where, and how?” Background paper, discussion, research and collaboration, July 18, 2003 World Bank/ Development Gateway.

Staudt, K. (1990), ‘Gender Politics in Bureaucracy’ Theoretical Issues in Comparative Perspective’ (p.3-35) in ‘Women, International Development and Politics – The Bureaucratic Mire’ ed. by Staudt, K., Temple University Press, Philadelphia.

Stiglitz, J, E. (1998), “Principal and Agent” in Eatwell, J; Milgate, M. and Newman, P. (eds.). The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, London: Macmillan.

Thomas, A. (1992), “Non-Governamental Organizations and the limits to Empowernment” in M. Wuyts, M. Mackintosh & T. Hewitt (eds) Development Policy and Public Action. 122-146. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Thomas, A. and Allen, T. (2000), “Agencies of Development” In Allen, T. & Thomas, A (eds) Poverty and Development into 21st century. 210-216. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Theunis, S. (1992), “Non-Governmental Development Organizations of Developing Countries and the South Smiles…” Novib. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Dordrecht/Boston/London.

Tschang, T. (eds) (2002), “Scaling up Information Services for Development: A Framework of Increasing Returns for Telecenters”. Journal of International Development, Vol. 14 No. 129-141

UNDP (2001), “Human Development Report: Making New Technologies Work for Human Development. UNDP Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wood, G.D. (1994), Bangladesh: Whose Ideas, Whose Interests? , London:IT Publications and Dhaka: University Press.

World Bank, (1999) World Development Report 1998/99: Knowledge for Development, World Bank Oxford University Press. Oxford World Bank’s ICT for Development web site. http://www.developmentgateway.org/node/133831/?

Dunkerley, J. (1998), “Power in the Isthmus: A Political History of Modern Central America”. Verso, London.