Asongu, Simplice and Uduji, Joseph and Okolo-Obasi, Elda (2019): Homicide and Social Media: Global Empirical Evidence. Forthcoming in: Technology in Society , Vol. 59, No. November 2019 (November 2019): p. 101188.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_101532.pdf Download (300kB) | Preview |
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between social media and homicide in a cross section of 148 countries for the year 2012. The empirical evidence is based on Ordinary Least Squares, Tobit and Quantile regressions. The findings from Ordinary Least Squares and Tobit regressions show a negative relationship between Facebook penetration and the homicide rate. The negative relationship is driven by the 75th quantile of the conditional distribution of the homicide rate. The negative nexus is also driven by upper middle income countries and “Europe and Central Asia”. Three main implications are apparent when the findings are compared and contrasted. First, established findings from OLS and Tobit regressions are driven by countries with above-median levels of homicide. Second, such above-median countries are largely associated with upper middle income countries and nations in “Europe and Central Asia”. Third, modelling the relationship between Facebook penetration and homicide at the conditional mean of homicide may be misleading unless it is contingent on initial levels of homicide and tailored differently across income levels and regions of the world.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Homicide and Social Media: Global Empirical Evidence |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Homicide; Social media |
Subjects: | D - Microeconomics > D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making > D74 - Conflict ; Conflict Resolution ; Alliances ; Revolutions D - Microeconomics > D8 - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty > D83 - Search ; Learning ; Information and Knowledge ; Communication ; Belief ; Unawareness K - Law and Economics > K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior > K42 - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights > O30 - General |
Item ID: | 101532 |
Depositing User: | Simplice Asongu |
Date Deposited: | 04 Jul 2020 06:39 |
Last Modified: | 04 Jul 2020 06:39 |
References: | Abor, J. Y., Amidu, Y., & Issahaku, H., (2018). “Mobile Telephony, Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth”, Journal of African Business, 18(4), pp. 430-453. Afutu-Kotey, R. L. , Gough, K. W., & Owusu, G., (2017). “Young Entrepreneurs in the Mobile Telephony Sector in Ghana: From Necessities to Aspirations”, Journal of African Business, 18(4), pp. 476-491. Ajzen, I., (1991). “The theory of planned behaviour.” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), pp. 179-211. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Akinwale, A. K., (2010). “Integrating the traditional and the modern conflict management strategies in Nigeria”, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Andrés, A. R. (2006). “Software piracy and income inequality”. Applied Economic Letters, 13 (2), pp. 101-105. Anyanwu, J., & Erhijakpor, A., (2014). “Does Oil Wealth Affect Democracy in Africa?”African Development Review, 26(1), pp. 15-37. Ariss, R. T., (2010). “On the Implications of Market Power in Banking: Evidence from Developing Countries”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 34(4), pp. 765-775. Asongu, S. A. (2012). “Government Quality Determinants of Stock Market Performance in African Countries”, Journal of African Business, 13(3), pp. 183-199. Asongu, S. A., (2013a). “How has mobile phone penetration stimulated financial development in Africa”, Journal of African Business, 14(1), pp. 7-18. Asongu, S. A., (2013b). “Fighting corruption in Africa: do existing corruption-control levels matter?”, International Journal of Development Issues, 12(1), pp. 36-52. Asongu, S. A., (2014a). “Financial development dynamic thresholds of financial globalization: evidence from Africa”, Journal of Economic Studies, 41(2), pp. 166-195. Asongu, S. A., (2014b). “The impact of health worker migration on development dynamics: evidence of wealth-effects from Africa”, The European Journal of Health Economics, 15(2), pp. 187-201. Asongu, S. A., (2015). “Law, Finance, Economic Growth and Welfare: Why Does Legal Origin Matter?”, Institutions and Economies, 7(2), pp. 30-55. Asongu, S. A., & Acha-Anyi, P. N., (2019). “The Murder Epidemic: A Global Comparative Study”, International Criminal Justice Review, 29(2), pp. 105-120. Asongu, S. A., & Boateng, A., (2018). “Introduction to Special Issue: Mobile Technologies and Inclusive Development in Africa”, Journal of African Business, 19(3), pp. 297-301. Asongu, S. A., & le Roux S., (2017). “Enhancing ICT for inclusive human development in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 118(May), pp. 44–54. Asongu, S. A., & Kodila-Tedika, O., (2016). “Fighting African conflicts and crimes: which governance tools matter?”, International Journal of Social Economics, 43(5), pp. 466-485. Asongu, S. A., & Kodila-Tedika, O., (2017). “Trade, aid and terror”, International Journal of Development Issues, 16(1), pp. 2-24. Asongu, S. A., & Nwachukwu, J. C., (2016). “The Role of Governance in Mobile Phones for Inclusive Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa”, Technovation, 55-56 (September-October), pp. 1-13. Asongu, S. A., Tchamyou, V. S., Asongu, N., & Tchamyou, N. P., (2017a). “The Comparative African Economics of Inclusive Development and Military Expenditure in Fighting Terrorism”. Journal of African Development, 19(2), pp. 77-91. Asongu, S. A., Nwachukwu, J. C., & Aziz, A., (2018). “Determinants of Mobile Phone Penetration: Panel Threshold Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.” Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 21(2), pp. 81-110. Asongu, S. A., & Odhiambo, N. M., (2019a). “Governance and social media in African countries: An empirical investigation”, Telecommunications Policy,43(5), pp. 411-425. Asongu, S. A., & Odhiambo, N. M., (2019b). “Tourism and Social Media in the World: An Empirical Investigation”, Journal of Economic Studies, DOI: 10.1108/JES-07-2018-0239. Asongu, S. A., Orim, S-M, I., & Nting, R. T., (2019). “Terrorism and social media: global evidence”, Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 22(3), pp. 208-228. Bagozzi, R., (1982). “A field investigation of causal relations among cognitions, affect, intentions, and behaviour.”Journal of Marketing Research, 19 (4), pp. 562-584. Beck, T., Demirgüç-Kunt, A., & Levine, R. (2003) “Law and finance: why does legal origin matter?”, Journal of Comparative Economics, 31(4), pp. 653-675. Beegle, K., Christiaensen, L., Dabalen, A., & Gaddis, I., (2016). “Poverty in a Rising Africa”, Africa Poverty Report, the World Bank, Washington. http://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr/publication/poverty-rising-africa-poverty-report (Accessed: 23/07/2016). Bejan, V., Hickman, M., Parkin, V. S., & Pozo, V. F., (2018). “Primed for death: Law enforcement-citizen homicides, social media, and retaliatory violence”, Plus One, 13(1): e0190571. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190571. Billger, S. M., & Goel, R. K., (2009). “Do existing corruption levels matter in controlling corruption? Cross-country quantile regression estimates”, Journal of Development Economics, 90(2), pp. 299-305. Blanco, R., & Grier, B., (2009). “Long Live Democracy: The Determinants of Political Instability in Latin America”, The Journal of Development Studies, 45(1), pp. 76-95. Bongomin, G. O. C., Ntayi, J. M., Munene J. C., & Malinga, C. A., (2018). “Mobile Money and Financial Inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa: the Moderating Role of Social Networks”, Journal of African Business. 18(4), pp. 361-384. Borg, M. J., (1992). “Conflict management in the modern world-system”. Sociological Forum, 7(2), pp. 261-282. Bourne, P. A., Hudson-Davis, A., Sharpe-Pryce, C., Francis, C., Solan, I., Lewis, D., Quarrie, V. L., Pabarue, M., Nelson, S., Irving, S., & Anderson, H., (2015). “The Effects of Homicides and Economics on Human and Social Biology: A Mental Health Challenge for a Society?”, International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience, 17(2), pp. 495-501. Browning, J., (2018). “Authorities Ask If Social Media to Blame for London Murders”, Bloomberg Technology, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-13/london-murders-leave-u-k-asking-if-social-media-is-to-blame (Accessed: 28/04/2018). Carson, R. T., & Sun, Y. (2007). “The Tobit model with a non-zero threshold”, Econometrics Journal, 10(3), pp. 488-502. Chamlin M. B., & Cochran J. K. (2006). “Economic inequality, legitimacy, and cross-national homicide rates”. Homicide Studies, 10(4), pp. 231–252. Coccorese, P., & Pellecchia, A., (2010). “Testing the ‘Quiet Life’ Hypothesis in the Italian Banking Industry”, Economic Notes by Banca dei Paschi di Siena SpA, 39(3), pp. 173-202. Cole J. H., & Gramajo A. M. (2009). “Homicide rates in a cross-section of countries: Evidence and interpretations”. Population and Development Review, 35(4), pp. 749–776. Cusick, J., (2014). “A review of: ‘Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: theory, practice and cases”, Tourism Geographies, 16(1), pp. 161-162. Davis, F., (1989). “Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology.” MIS Quarterly, 13(3), pp. 319-340. De Sousa, J., Mirza, D., & Verdier, T., (2009a). “Trade and the Spillovers of Transnational Terrorism”, Swiss Society of Economics and Statistics, 145 (4), pp. 453-461. Efobi, U., (2015). “Politicians’ Attributes and Institutional Quality in Africa: A Focus on Corruption”, Journal of Economic Issues, 49(3), pp. 787-813. Dreyfuss, E., (2017). “Facebook streams a murder, and must now face itself”, WIRED. https://www.wired.com/2017/04/facebook-live-murder-steve-stephens/ (Accessed: 28/04/2018). Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I., (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Fosu, A., (2013a), “Growth of African Economies: Productivity, Policy Syndromes and the Importance of Institutions” Journal of African Economies, 22(4), pp. 523-551. Fosu, A. (2013b). Achieving development success: Strategies and lessons from the developing world, UNU-WIDER Policy Brief (November), Helsinki. Freytag, A., Kruger, J. J., Meierrieks, D., & Schneider, F., (2011). “The origins of terrorism: Cross-country estimates of socio-economic determinants of terrorism”, The European Journal of Political Economy, 27(Supplement 1), pp. S5-S16. Gaibulloev, K., & Sandler, T., (2009). “The impact of terrorism and conflicts on growth in Asia”, Economics and Politics, 21(3), pp. 359-383. Gibson, D. C., (2006). “The Relationship Between Serial Murder and the American Tourism Industry”, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 20(1), pp. 45-60. Gosavi, A., (2018). “Can mobile money help firms mitigate the problem of access to finance in Eastern sub-Saharan Africa”, Journal of African Business, 18(4), pp. 343-360. GPI (2016). Global Peace Index 2016. Institute for Economics & Peace. Humbani, M., & Wiese, M., (2018). “A Cashless Society for All: Determining Consumers’ Readiness to Adopt Mobile Payment Services”, Journal of African Business, 18(4), pp. 409- 429. Issahaku, H., Abu, B. M., & Nkegbe, P. K., (2018). “Does the Use of Mobile Phones by Smallholder Maize Farmers Affect Productivity in Ghana?”, Journal of African Business, 19(3), pp. 302-322. Jacobs D., & Richardson A. M. (2008). “Economic inequality and homicide in the developed nations from 1975 to 1995”. Homicide Studies, 12, pp. 28–45. Jha, C.K. & Kodila-Tedika, O., (2019). “Does Social Media Promote Democracy? Some Empirical Evidence”, Journal of Policy Modeling: Forthcoming. Jha, C.K. & Sarangi, S., (2017), “Does social media reduce corruption?” Information Economics and Policy, 39(June), pp. 60–71. Kodila-Tedika, O., (2018). “Natural Resource Governance: Does Social Media Matter?”, MPRA Paper No. 84809, Munich. Kodila-Tedika, O., & Asongu, S. A., (2015). “The effect of intelligence on financial development: a cross-country comparison”, Intelligence, 51(July-August), pp. 1-9. Koenker, R., & Bassett, Jr. G. (1978), “Regression quantiles”, Econometrica, 46(1), pp. 33-50. Koetter, M., & Vins, O., (2008). “The Quiet Life Hypothesis in Banking-Evidence from German Savings Banks”, Department of Finance, Goethe University, Working Paper Series: Finance and Accounting No. 190, Frankfurt. Kumbhakar, S. C., & Lovell, C. A. K., (2000). Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press. Lee, M., & Lowry, L. L., (2015). “Social Media in Tourism Research: A Literature Review.” Tourism Travel and Research Association: Advancing Tourism Research Globally. 21. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1104&context=ttra (Accessed: 27/04/2018). Liem, M., & Campbell, M., (2014). “Punishment for Homicide in Europe: Research Challenges and a Roadmap for Progress”, International Criminal Justice Review, 24(3), pp. 285-297. Minkoua Nzie, J. R., Bidogeza, J. C., & Ngum, N. A., (2018). “Mobile phone use, transaction costs, and price: Evidence from rural vegetable farmers in Cameroon”, Journal of African Business, 19(3), pp. 323-342. Mlachila, M., Tapsoba, R., & Tapsoba, S. J. A., (2017). “A Quality of Growth Index for Developing Countries: A Proposal”, Social Indicators Research, 134(2), pp. 675–710. Muggah, R., & de Carvalho, I. S., (2017). “There’s a cure for Latin America’s murder epidemic – and it doesn’t involve more police or prisons”, World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/04/there-s-a-cure-for-latin-america-s-murder-epidemic-and-it-doesn-t-involve-more-police-or-prisons/?utm_content=buffer369bb&utm_medium=social&utm_source=plus.google.com&utm_campaign=buffer (Accessed: 28/07/2017). Muthinja, M. M., & Chipeta, C., (2018). “What Drives Financial Innovations in Kenya’s Commercial Banks? An Empirical Study on Firm and Macro-Level Drivers of Branchless Banking”, Journal of African Business, 18(4), pp. 385-408. Narayan, P.K., Mishra, S., & Narayan, S., (2011). “Do market capitalization and stocks traded converge? New global evidence”. Journal of Banking and Finance, 35(10), pp. 2771-2781. NCSS (2017). “Negative Binomial Regression”, NCSS Statistical Software, https://ncss-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/themes/ncss/pdf/Procedures/NCSS/Negative_Binomial_Regression.pdf (Accessed: 16/05/2017). Nikiforova, B., (2013). “Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: theory, practice and cases”, Journal of Tourism History, 5(1), pp. 99-101. Nivette A. E. (2011). “Cross-national predictors of homicide: A meta-analysis”. Homicide Studies, 15(2), pp. 103–131. Ouimet M., (2012). “A world of homicides: The effect of economic development, income inequality, and excess infant mortality on the homicide rate for 165 countries in 2010”. Homicide Studies, 16(3), pp. 238–258. Ouimet, M., & Montmagny-Grenier, C., (2014). “Homicide and Violence—International and Cross-National Research”, International Criminal Justice Review, 24(3), pp. 222–234. Okada, K., & Samreth, S. (2012). “The effect of foreign aid on corruption: A quantile regression approach”, Economic Letters, 11(2), pp. 240-243. Parkyn, R., (2017). “The role of social media in development”, The World Bank https://blogs.worldbank.org/publicsphere/role-social-media-development (Accessed: 27/04/2018). Patton, D. U., Hong, J. S., Ranney, M., Patel, S., Kelley, C., Eschmann, R., & Washington, T., (2014). “Social media as a vector for youth violence: A review of the literature”, Computers in Human Behavior, 35(June), pp. 548-553. Seltzer, M. (1998). Serial killers: Death & life in America’s wound culture. NY: Routledge. Stöckl, H., Devries, K., Rotstein, A. Abrahams, N., Campbell, J., Watts, C., & Moreno, C. G., (2013). “The global prevalence of intimate partner homicide: a systematic review”, The Lancet, 382(9895), pp. 859-865. Storrod, M. L., & Densley, J. A., (2017). “‘Going viral’ and ‘Going country’: the expressive and instrumental activities of street gangs on social media”, Journal of Youth Studies, 20(6), pp. 677-696. Tchamyou, V.S., (2019).“The Role of Information Sharing in Modulating the Effect of Financial Access on Inequality”, Journal of African Business, 20(3), pp. 317-338. Tchamyou, V. S., Erreygers, G., & Cassimon, D., (2019). “Inequality, ICT and Financial Access in Africa”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change,139 (February), pp. 169- 184. Thomas, K.W., (1992). Conflict and negotiation processes in organisations. In: Dunnette, M.D. and L.M. Hough eds. Handbook of industrial and organisational psychology. Palo Alto, CA, Consulting Psychologists Press. pp. 651–717. Tobin, J. (1958). “Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables”. Econometrica 26(1), pp. 24-36. Volkema, R. J., & Bergmann, T. J., (1995). “Conflict styles as indicators of behavioural patterns in interpersonal conflicts”. The Journal of Social Psychology, 135 (1), pp. 5-15. World Bank (2016). “World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends”, The World Bank http://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/wdr2016 (Accessed: 27/04/2018). Yousafzai, S. Y., Foxall, G. R., & Pallister, J. G., (2010). “Explaining Internet Banking Behavior: Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Planned Behavior, or Technology Acceptance Model?” Journal of Applied Social Psychology , 40(5), pp. 1172-1202. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/101532 |