لتشع تونس من جديد

Nabi, Mahmoud Sami (2021): لتشع تونس من جديد. Published in:

Abstract

This book investigates the socioeconomic factors that triggered Tunisia’s "revolution for dignity” and the current issues and challenges facing its economy while suggesting mechanisms and instruments for their resolution. The author begins by analyzing the roots of the revolution and the post-revolution situation from a political sociology perspective and then diagnoses the Tunisian economy before and after the revolution and identifies the multidimensional binding constraints preventing it from escaping the middle-income trap. The book then explores the pillars of an inclusive development strategy that Tunisia should pursue. The emphasis is made on building inclusive institutions, developing a new social contract and reinventing the country's leadership. Beyond the institutional dimension, the author suggests innovative financial channels, discusses the strategy of a successful integration of the Tunisian economy in the global economy as well as the pillars of its transformation into a knowledge-based economy.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: Making the Tunisian Resurgence
• Language: Arabic
• Keywords: Tunisia; Revolution; Middle-income trap;Inclusive Development Strategy; social contract; social cohesion; Institutional Development; Innovative financial channels; Knowledge Economy;.
• Subjects: B - History of Economic Thought, Methodology, and Heterodox Approaches > B0 - General; G - Financial Economics > G0 - General; H - Public Economics > H0 - General; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O4 - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity > O43 - Institutions and Growth

References

Abdelhady, H. (2013) “Islamic finance as a mechanism for bolstering food security in the Middle East: Food security WAQF,” Sustainable Development Law & Policy, Vol. 13, No. 1, 29–35. Abdelkafi, R. and M. S. Nabi (2013) “A proposal for jobs creation based on Islamic microfinance and cooperatives,” Sfax 2nd International Forum on Islamic Finance, 27–29 June 2013. Abdelkafi, R. and M. S. Nabi (2017) “Integrating microfinance and cooperatives for jobs creation in Tunisia,” IRTI Policy Paper Series No. PP/2017/02, Jeddah: Islamic Research and Training Institute. Abdullah, A. K. (2011) “Overcoming the weaknesses in sukūk: Toward risk-sharing instruments in Islamic finance,” Islam and Civilisational Renewal, Vol.2, No. 4. Accenture (2016) “Digital disruption: The growth multiplier” prepared by M. Knickrehm, Berthon and P. Daugherty, Accenture. Acemoglu, D. (2006) “A Simple model of inefficient institutions,” Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, No. 4, 515–546. Acemoglu, D. and J. A. Robinson (2000) “Inequality, Growth and Development: Democratization or repression?” European Economic Review, Vol. 44, 683–693. Acemoglu, D. and J. A. Robinson (2012) “Why nations fail: The origins of power, prosperity and poverty,” New York: Crown Business. Acemoglu, D. and J. A. Robinson (2013) “Economics versus politics: Pitfalls of policy advice,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 27, No. 2, 173–192. Achy, L. (2011) “Tunisia’s economic challenges,” The Carnegie Papers, Carnegie Middle East Center, December 2011. ADB (2015) “Beyond the MDGs: Technology, finance and statistics to unlock sustainable development in Asia Pacific,” News Release, 28 May 2015. ADB, ESCAP and UNDP (2015) “Making it happen: Technology, finance and statistics for sustainable development in Asia and the Pacific,” Asian Development Bank, May 2015. African Union Commission, UNECA, AfDB and UNDP (2013) “Food security in Africa: Issues, challenges and lessons,” MDG Report 2013. Assessing Progress in Africa toward the Millennium Development Goals. Aghion, P. and P. Bolton (1997) “A Theory of trickle-down growth and development,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 59, 151–172. Ahn, J., A. K. Khandelwal and S.-J. Wei (2011) “The role of intermediaries in facilitating trade,” Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, Vol. 84, No. 1, 73–85. Aizenman, J., M. Chinn and H. Ito (2010) “The Financial crisis, rethinking of the global financial architecture, and the trilemma,” ADBI Working Papers 213, Asian Development Bank Institute. Alkebsi, A. and M. Malouche (2015) “It’s time for Tunisians to take the next big step,” Foreign Policy, 11 April 2015, http://foreignpolicy.com/2015/04/11/tunisians-next-big-step-arab-spring/. Alm, J. (2015) “Analyzing and reforming Tunisia’s tax system,” CEQ Institute, Working paper No. 34. Andrews, M., J. McConnell and A. Wescott (2010) “Development as leadership-led change – A report for the global leadership initiative and the World Bank Institute (WBI),” Harvard Kennedy School, Faculty Research Working Paper Series, RWP10-009. Aoki, M. (2014) “Economic and political transitions from Pre-modern to modern states in the Meiji restoration and Xinhai revolution: A Strategic approach,” ADBI Working Paper Series No. 486. Arieff, A. (2012) “Political transition in Tunisia,” Congressional Research Service. Asonguab, S. A. and De Moora (2015) “Recent advances in finance for inclusive development: A survey,” African Governance and Development Institute, Working Paper WP/15/005. Ata, A., M. Shukla and M. Singh (2012) “Financing SME Supply Chains,” SWIFT Institute Working Paper No. 2012-002. Ayadi, L., N. Benjamin, S. Bensassi and G. Raballand (2013) “Estimating informal trade across Tunisia’s land borders,” Policy Research working paper No. WPS 6731, World Bank Group, Washington, DC. Bagehot, W. (1873) “Lombard Street: A description of the money market,” Homewood, IL: Richard D. Irwin, 1962 Edition. Barnes, H. E. (1963) “A history of historical writing,” New York: Dover Publishing. Barro, R. and J.-W. Lee (2013) “A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950–2010,” Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 104, 184–198. Behr, P. and R. H. Schmidt (2015) “The German banking system: Characteristics and Challenges,” White Paper No. 32. Ben Achour, Y. (2012) “Religion, revolution, and constitution: The case of Tunisia,” Lecture at the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University, 17 September 2012. Ben Achour, Y. (2015) “La constitution tunisienne permet au musulman de sortir de sa religion!” Interview in www.espacemanager.com. Ben Cheikh, N. (2013) “The extension of social protection to informal economy under the challenge of Tunisia’s transition,” Mai 2013 CRES. Centre de Recherches et d’Etudes Sociales. Ben Miled, M. (1956) “Tunisia between the East and the West,” lecture in April 11, 1956, Tunis. Tunisian Society of Art Printing. Benhamida, K. (2015) “The story of water in three major sites in Tunisia,” in Proceedings of Water Views: Caring and Daring – Waterwheel World Water Day Symposium 2014 – 3WDS14, Edited by Suzon Fuks, Australia. Bensoussan, E., R. Ruparell and L. Taliento (2013) “Innovative development financing,” McKinsey. Berlemann, M. and J.-E. Wesselhöft (2014) “Estimating aggregate capital stocks using the perpetual inventory method: A survey of previous implementations and new empirical evidence for 103 countries,” Review of Economics, Vol. 65, No. 1, 1–34. Besley, T. (1994) “How do market failures justify interventions in rural credit markets?” The World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 9, No. 1, 27–47. Bonde, B. N. (n.d.) “Carthage was indeed destroyed,” accessed on www.mediaprogress.net. Boubakri, A. (2015) “Interpreting the Tunisian revolution: Beyond Bou’azizi” in “Routledge Handbook of the Arab Spring,” Edited by Larbi Sadiki, Routledge, New York. Boudhina, M. (1992) “Machahîr Al Tûnusiyyîn (Tunisiens célèbres),” éd. Cérès, Tunis, 1992. Boughzala, M. and S. Ben Romdhane (2015) “Transition from autocracy to democracy in Tunisia: Factors underlying the Tunisian uprising and the prospects for consolidating the transition to democracy,” American University of Beirut Institute of Financial Economics, Lecture and Working Paper Series No. 3. Boughzala, M. and M. T. Hamdi (2014) “Promoting inclusive growth in Arab countries rural and regional development and inequality in Tunisia,” Global Economy & Development Working Paper N° 71. Boukhars, A. (2015) “The reckoning Tunisia’s perilous path to democratic stability,” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Boularès, H. (2017) “Histoire de la Tunisie,” Cèrès Editions. Boyd, J. H. and B. D. Smith (1996) “The co-evolution of the real and financial sectors in the growth process,” World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 10, No. 371–396. Bradlow, D. (2008) “An experiment in creative financing to promote South African reconciliation and development,” in “Africa’s finances: The contribution of remittances,” Edited by R. Bardouille, M. Ndulo, and M. Grieco, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008. Brito, L. (2013) “Innovation, science & technology: Drivers for sustainable development?” Presented on the occasion of the International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation: Making Things Work Better Dubrovnik, Croatia, 23 May 2013. Buehn, A. and F. Schneider (2009) “Shadow economies and corruption all over the World: Revised estimates for 120 Countries,” Economics: The Open-Access. Open-Assessment E-Journal, Vol. 1, No. 2007–9, 1–53 (Version 2). Bughin, J. and J. Manyika (2013) “Measuring the full impact of digital capital,” McKinsey, July 2013. CGAP (2015) “Global landscape of innovations in digital finance,” https://fr.slideshare.net/CGAP/the-global-landscape-of-digital-finance-innovations. Chapra, M. U. (1983) “Monetary policy in an Islamic economy,” in “Money and Banking in Islam,” Edited by Ziauddin Ahmed, et al., International Centre for Research in Islamic Economics, Jeddah, KSA, 1983. Chapra, M. U. (1985) “Towards a just monetary system,” The Islamic Foundation, Leicester, UK. Chapra, M. U. (2008) “Ibn Khaldun’s theory of development: Does it help explain the low performance of the present-day Muslim world?” The Journal of Socioeconomics, Vol. 37, No. 2, 836–886. Charfi, M. (2005) “Islam and liberty: The historical misunderstanding,” Albin Michel, Paris, 1998, Zed Books, London and New York. Cheng-Han, T., D. W. Puchniak and U. Varottil (2015) “State-owned enterprises in Singapore: Historical insights into a potential model for reform,” LAW, National University of Singapore, Working Paper 2015/003. Clappison, A. (2011) “Building new democracies: Norms shape practice not policies,” ERF 17th Annual Conference, https://erfblog.org/category/erf-17thannual-conference/. Clarke, G., L. C. Xu and H.-F. Zou (2003) “Finance and income inequality: Test of alternative theories,” Policy Research Working Paper Series 2984, The World Bank. Cobanoglu, M. (2016) “Sukuk as an alternative instrument for public finance: The experience of Turkey,” https://medium.com/@CASEresearch/sukuk-as-analternative-instrument-for-public-finance-the-experience-of-turkey- 1878c6247694. Coeuré, B. (2012) “SME financing – A euro area perspective,” speech at the Conference on Small Business Financing, Frankfurt, 13 December 2012. Coeuré, B. (2014) “Rethinking economics after the crisis,” https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/key/date/2014/html/sp140624.en.html. Cressy, R. (2002) “Funding gaps: A symposium,” The Economic Journal, Vol.112, F1–F16. De Ferranti, D., G. E. Perry, D. Lederman and W. E. Maloney (2002) “From natural resources to the knowledge economy: Trade and job quality,” World Bank Publications, The World Bank, number 14040, October. De Grauwe, P. (2009) “Lessons from the banking crisis: A return to narrow banking,” CESifo DICE Report 2/2009. De Soto, H. (2000) “The mystery of capital: Why capitalism triumphs in the West and fails everywhere else,” Basic Books, New York. De Soto, H. (2013a) “L’économie informelle. Comment y remédier. Une opportunité pour la Tunisie,” Tunis, Cérès Editions. De Soto, H. (2013b) “The Secret to reviving the Arab Spring’s promise: Property rights,” The Wall Street Journal, 26 February 2013. DeLong, J.-B. (1998) “What’s wrong with our bloody economies?” Los Angeles Times, 1998. Dhif, K. (2015) “‘Tunisian exception’ teaches democratic lessons” interview of Yadh Ben Achour, www.swissinfo.ch/eng/global-forum-in-tunis_-tunisianexception% 2D%2Dteaches-democratic-lessons/41426492?ns_mchannel=rss. Di Caprio, A., S. Beck, Y. Yao and F. Khan (2016) “2016 trade finance gaps, growth, and jobs survey,” ADB briefs No. 64, August 2016. Dimick, S. (2014) “Adopting digital technologies: The path for SMEs,” Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada. Dow, S. (2016) “People have had enough of experts,” the blog of the Institute for New Economic Thinking, https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/people-have-had-enough-of-experts. Easterly, W., J. Ritzan and M. Woolcock (2006) “Social cohesion, institutions, and growth,” Economics and Politics, Vol. 18, No. 2, July 2006, 103–120. Enneifer, E. (2011) “A testimony on the founding years,” in “From the control of Ben Ali to the Jasmin revolution: The political Islam in Tunisia” (in Arab), Almesbar Studies and Research Centre, Dubai, UAE. Erdogan, R. T. (2013) “The Turkish economy meets EU entry criteria,” huffingtonpost.com. Fanelli, A. (2014) “Competitiveness and Structural Change,” OCDE. Fantar, M. H. (1998) “Carthage : Approche d’une civilisation,” Tome I–II, Alif –Les éditions de la Méditerranée, Tunis, 1998. FAO (2013) “Tunisie : Financement du secteur agricole,” Centre d’investissement de la FAO, Zoom sur les Pays. Fenina, A. (2003) “Les monnaies de la régence de Tunis sous les H’usaynides,” Faculté des Sciences Humaines et Sociales de Tunis. Findlay, R. and K. H. O’Rourke (2007) “Power and plenty: Trade, War, and the world economy in the second millennium,” Princeton University Press. Fondation Ahmed Tlili (2011) “Lettre à Bourguiba : Janvier 1966,” Fondation Ahmed Tlili, Tunis, 2011. Frégosi, F. and M. Zeghal (2005) “Religion et politique au Maghreb : les exemples tunisien et marocain,” Policy Paper No. 11, Institut français des relations internationales. Fullerton, J. (2015) “Regenerative capitalism: How universal principles and patterns will shape our new economy,” Capital Institute. Galal, A. and H. Selim (2012) “The elusive quest for Arab economic development,” ERF Working Paper No. 722, November 2012. Galor, O. and O. Moav (2004) “From physical to human capital accumulation: Inequality and the process of development,” Review of Economic Studies, Vol.71, No. 4, 1001–1026. Garcia-Martinez, J. (2014) “The third way: Becoming an academic entrepreneur,” www.sciencemag.org, 20 March 2014. Gherib, B. (2012) “The political economy of the Tunisian revolution: Social groups versus crony capitalism,” Revue Tiers Monde, No. 212, 2012/4. Ghorbel, S. (2006) “Mokhtar Latiri,” http://www.jeuneafrique.com/132277/archives-thematique/mokhtar-latiri/. Gibson, H. D., N. T. Tsaveas and T. Vlassopoulos (2006) “Capital flows, capital account liberalization and the Mediterranean countries,” Working Papers 33, Bank of Greece. Giovanni, P. (2010) “A Medieval Approach to Social Sciences: The Philosophy of Ibn Khaldun – Some Historical Notes and Actual Reflections,” Journal of Markets & Morality, Vol. 13, No. 1 (Spring 2010), 175–188. Griffith-Jones, S. and K. Sharma (2009) “GDP-Indexed Bonds: Making It Happen,” in “Innovative Financing for Development,” Edited by S. Ketkar and D. Ratha, The World Bank, ISBN: 978-0-8213-7685-0, 79–98. Guerrero, I., L. Felipe, L. Calva and M. Walton (2009) “The Inequality Trap and Its Links to Low Growth in Mexico,” in “No Growth Without Equity? Inequality, Interests, and Competition in Mexico,” Edited by Santiago Levy and Michael Walton, A co-publication of The World Bank and Palgrave Macmillan. Guitián, M. (1996) “The Issue of Capital Account Convertibility: A Gap Between Norms and Reality,” in “Currency Convertibility in the Middle East and North Africa,” Edited by Saleh M. Nsouli and Manuel Guitián, IMF, Washington. Haddad, M. (2011) “Political Islam in Tunisia after the Jasmin Revolution,” in “From the Control of Ben Ali to the Jasmin Revolution: The Political Islam in Tunisia” (in Arab), Almesbar Studies and Research Centre, Dubai, UAE. Hanushek, E. A. and L. Woessmann (2012) “Do Better Schools Lead to More Growth? Cognitive Skills, Economic Outcomes and Causation,” Journal of Economic Growth, Vol. 17, No. 4, 267–321. Hassan, Z. (2011) “Scarcity, self-interest and maximization from Islamic angle,” MPRA Paper 29414, University Library of Munich, Germany. Hausmann, R., C. A. Hidalgo, S. Bustos, M. Coscia, A. Simoes and M. A. Yildirim (2014) “The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity,” MIT Press. Helbitz, A., R. R. Lotan, J. Newman, G. C. Sims, A. Zaroulis (2016) “Social impact bonds: The early years,” Social Finance. Hibou, B. (2011) “The Tunisian Revolution did not come out of nowhere,” Interview with Sadri Khiari, April 2011, www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/features/73574. Hicks, J. (1969) “A theory of economic history,” Oxford: Clarendon Press. Houben, H. (2002) “Roger II of Sicily: A ruler between East and West,” Cambridge University Press, 231. Hu, Z. and M. Khan (1997) “Why is China Growing so Fast?” International Monetary Fund, Economic Issues No. 8. IACE (2016) “La Tunisie en transformation : L’impératif digital,” www.iace.tn. IACE (2017) http://www.iace.tn/communique-de-presse-26-05-2017-luttecontre-corruption-menee-gouvernement-communique-de-soutien-de-liace/. IBM Belgium (2010) “Etude sur le marché de la microfinance en Tunisie : Contexte réglementaire, offre, demande et conditions de développement”. Ibn Khaldun, A. (1377) “The Muqaddimah” translated by Franz Rosentha, http://asadullahali.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/ibn_khaldun-al_muqaddimah.pdf. ICC (2013) “Tunisia’s Borders: Jihadism and contraband,” Middle East/North Africa Report N° 148. International Crisis Group. IDA Singapore (2015) “Smart nation platform,” Media Factsheet, Annex A, April 2015. IFAD (2006) “Diaspora Investment in Agriculture (DIA) initiative,” Financing Facility for Remittances, www.ifad.org/remittances/pub/dia.pdf. IFAD (2017) “Sending money home: Contributing to the SDGs, one family at a time,” IFAD, June 2017. ILO (2011) “Tunisia: A new social contract for fair and equitable growth,” Studies on Growth with Equity, ILO. ILO (2015) “Background note for the panel on “Transition from the informal to the formal economy in Africa: The way forward”. AFRM-13-D4-Note-informal-economy”. IMF (2005) “The IMF’s approach to capital account liberalization,” Evaluation Report, IMF, Washington, DC. IMF (2015) “Tunisia 2015 article IV consultation, sixth review under the stand-by arrangement, and request for rephasing,” press release; staff report; and statement by the executive director for Tunisia. IMF (2016) “Tunisia: Program note,” August 2016, https://www.imf.org/external/np/country/notes/pdf/tunisia.pdf. InfoDev (2013) “Crowdfunding’s potential for the developing world,” Finance and Private Sector Development Department, World Bank, Washington, DC. INS (2012) “Mesure de la pauvreté, des inégalités et de la polarisation en Tunisie 2000–2010,” Institut National de la Statistique. IsDB (2013) “Member country partnership strategy for Tunisia,” Country programs Department, Islamic Development Bank Group, June 2013. Ishii, S., K.-F. Habermeier and J.-I. Canales-Kriljenko (2002) “Capital account liberalization and financial sector stability,” Occasional paper (International Monetary Fund), 211, International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. Islahi, A. A. (2015a) “The economic ideas of two Tunisian statesmen: Khayr al-Din al-Tunisi and Bayram al-Khamis” in “Economic Thinking of Arab Muslim Writers During the Nineteenth Century,” Palgrave Studies in the History of Economic Thought Series, 78–105. Islahi, A. A. (2015b) “Ibn Khaldun’s theory of taxation and its relevance,” Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics, Vol. 2, No. 2. ITC (2014) “50 Years of unlocking SME competitiveness: Lessons for the future,” International Trade Centre, Geneva. ITCEQ (2016) “Rapport sur l’économie du savoir,” Février 2016. N° 6. Jinjarak, Y., P. J. Mutuc and G. Wignaraja (2014) “Does finance really matter for the participation of SMEs in international trade? Evidence from 8,080 East Asian Firms,” ADBI Working Paper Series, No. 470, March 2014. Kaplan, S. and M. Freeman (2015) “Inclusive transitions framework,” Institute for Integrated Transitions, July 2015. Ketkar, S. and D. Ratha (2009a) “Future-flow securitization for development finance,” in “Innovative Financing for Development,” Edited by S. Ketkar and D. Ratha, The World Bank, ISBN: 978-0-8213-7685-0, 79–98. Ketkar, S. and D. Ratha (2009b) “Development finance via Diaspora Bonds,” in “Innovative Financing for Development,” Edited by S. Ketkar and D. Ratha, The World Bank, ISBN: 978-0-8213-7685-0, 79–98. Khan, M. (1987) “Islamic interest-free banking: A theoretical analysis,” in “Theoretical studies in Islamic banking and finance,” Edited by Mohsin Khan and Abbas Mirakhor, The Institute of Islamic Studies, 15–36. Kim, S. and Y.-D. Yong (2008) “The impact of capital inflows on emerging East Asian economies: Is too much money chasing too little good?” Working Papers on Regional Economic Integration 15, Asian Development Bank. Knapp, W. and N. Barbour (1977) “North West Africa: A political and economic survey,” Editions Oxford University Press, Oxford. Kouki, M. (2017) “Efficacité des services publics,” IACE. Kowalski, P., J. Lopez Gonzalez, A. Ragoussis and C. Ugarte (2015) “The Participation of developing countries in Global Value Chains: Implications for trade and trade-related policies,” OECD Trade Policy Paper No. 179. KPMG (2017) “Baromètre du Crowdfunding, 2016” Financement Participatif France. Kreutz, B. M. (1996) “Before the Normans: Southern Italy in the ninth and tenth centuries,” University of Pennsylvania Press. Kuznets, S. (1955) “Economic growth and income inequality,” American Economic Review, Vol. 49, 1–28. Kwan, C. H. (2002) “The rise of China and Asia’s Flying-Geese pattern of economic development: An empirical analysis based on US import statistics,” NRI Papers, No. 52. Lacoste, Y. (1984) “Ibn Khaldun: The birth of history and the past of the Third World,” Verso Editions, London. Lederman, D. and W. Maloney (2003) “Trade structure and growth,” Policy Research Working Paper Series 3025, The World Bank. Leigland, J. (2018) “Public-Private Partnerships in developing countries: The emerging evidence-based critique,” World Bank Research Observer, Vol. 33, No. 1, February 2018, 103–134. Levine, R. (1997) “Financial development and economic growth: Views and agenda,” Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. XXXV, 688–726. Levine, R. (2011) “Finance, regulation and inclusive growth,” paper presented at the OECD and World Bank Conference on “Challenges and policies for inclusive growth,” Paris, 24–25 March. Lewis, B. (1996) “The Middle East: 2000 years of history from the rise of Christianity to the present day,” Weidenfell and Nicholson, London. Lilischkis, S., M. Janssen and F. Barjak (2013) “Policies in support of high-growth innovative enterprises,” Revised Draft Final Policy Brief 2, Version 1.6, November 2013. Malitza, M. (1976) “L’intégration de la culture dans le nouvel ordre” in La culture est inséparable du processus de développement économique et social, Cultures, Vol. III, N° 4, 101–110. Marks, M. (2014) “Convince, coerce, or compromise? Ennahda’s approach to Tunisia’s constitution,” Brookings Doha Center Publications, Analysis Paper, No. 30, The Brookings Doha Center. Marks, M. (2015) “Tunisia’s Ennahda: Rethinking Islamism in the context of ISIS and the Egyptian coup,” Working Paper, Rethinking Political Islam Series, Brookings. Mau, S. (2003) Moral Economy of Welfare States. Routledge, 74, ISBN:978-1-134-37055-9. Maxwell, J. (1996) “Social dimensions of economic growth,” Eric John Hanson Memorial Lecture Series, Vol. 8, University of Alberta. Mazzucato, M. (2016) “The Creative state,” Project Syndicate, 16 April 2015. McKinsey (2010) “How to compete and grow: A sector guide to policy,” The McKinsey Global Institute. McKinsey (2014) “Accélérer la mutation numérique des entreprises : un gisement de croissance et de compétitivité pour la France,” September 2014. McKinsey (2016) “The age of analytics: Competing in a Data-driven World,” McKinsey Global Institute, December 2016. Meddeb, R. (2013) “Les Sukuks au secours de l’économie tunisienne : mythe ou réalité?” Leaders, opinions, 19 July 2013, http://www.leaders.com.tn/article/11874-les-sukuks-au-secours-de-l-economie-tunisienne-mythe-ourealite. Meddeb, M. (2016) “Dans quelles conditions l’armée nationale peut-elle contribuer à réduire le chômage?” Leaders, 9 February 2016. Mestiri, M. (2017) “Immersion au coeur de la fuite des cerveaux,” Nawwat.org, 27 March 2017. Milovanovitch, M. (2014) “Trust and institutional corruption: The case of education in Tunisia,” Edmond J. Safra Working Papers, No. 44, Harvard University. Mohieldin et al. (2012) “The role of Islamic finance in enhancing financial inclusion in Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Countries,” Islamic Economic Studies, Vol. 20, No. 2. Monaldi, F., R. A. González de Pacheco, R. Obuchi and M. Penfold (2006) “Political institutions, policymaking processes, and policy outcomes in Venezuela,” Research Network Working Paper No. R-507. Moreau, M. (2016) “Tunisia is becoming MENA’s next Startup hub,” 11 February 2016, www.techcrunch.com. Morsay, H., A. Giamouridis and R. Selim (2017) “Rethinking the role of the state in Tunisia,” European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, https://www.ebrd.com/news/2017/rethinking-the-role-of-the-state-in-tunisia.html. Nabi, M. S. (1998) “Productivité globale des facteurs et politique salariale de l’entreprise,” projet de fin d’études, Ecole Polytechnique de Tunisie, juin 1998. Nabi, M. S. (2009) “Financial imperfections, inequality and capital accumulation,” Economics Bulletin, Vol. 29, No. 3, 2400–2415. Nabi, M. S. (2011a) “Moins d’ambiguïté, plus d’optimisme et de cohésion pour une reprise rapide de l’économie tunisienne,” Leaders, 31 May 2011. Nabi, M. S. (2011b) “L’intelligence des Tunisiens, leur lucidité et leur solidarité leur permettront d’inventer leur propre chemin démocratique,” Leaders.com, opinions, 25 February 2011. Nabi, M. S. (2015a) “Equity-financing, income inequality and capital accumulation,” Economic Modelling, Vol. 46, April 2015, 322–333. Nabi, M. S. (2015b) “Une piste pour débloquer les négociations sociales et une proposition d’un “Tunisian Development Institute,”” Espace Manager, 16 November 2015. Nabi, M. S. (2016a) “L’exigence d’un leadership institutionnel pour la réussite de la transition économique,” Leaders, 22 February 2016. Nabi, M. S. (2016b) “Politique monétaire En Tunisie, Osons un Targeted Quantitative Easing !” 10 November 2016, http://www.investir-en-tunisie.net/fr/index.php/2016/11/10/politique-monetaire-en-tunisie-osons-untargeted-quantitative-easing/. Nabi, M. S. (2016c) “Revisiting equity and debt: Access to finance and economic inefficiency,” International Review of Economics, December 2016, Vol. 63, No. 4, 393–429. Nabi, M. S. (2016d) “La titrisation au secours du budget de l’Etat tunisien? Quelques propositions!” 3 November 2016, https://www.espacemanager.com/la-titrisation- au-secours-du-budget-de-letat-tunisien-quelques-propositions.html. Nabi, M. S. and M. Boughzala (2009) “Chiffrer le coût social du chômage en Tunisie?” Etude préparée pour la 24ème Session des Journées de l’Entreprise (11–12 Décembre 2009) organisées par l’Institut Arabe des Chefs d’Entreprises. Nabi, M. S. and N. Diop (2011) “Capital mobility and the optimal monetary policy rule: A Tunisian case study,” in “Inflation targeting in MENA Countries,” Edited by David Cobham and Mongi Boughzala, Palgrave Macmillan, August. Nabi, M. S. and T. Rajhi (2013) “Banking emergence, contract enforcement and endogenous growth,” International Review of Economics, Vol. 60, No. 1, 83–100. Nabi, M. S. and O. Suliman (2009) “Institutions, banking development, and economic growth,” The Developing Economies, Vol. 47, No. 4. Nabi, M. S., R. Abdelkafi, I. Drine and S. Al-Suwailem (2015) “Enhancing Intra-Trade in OIC member countries through T-SDRs,” Islamic Economic Studies, Vol. 23, No. 1, 101–124. Nassif, N. (1964) “Le Maitre d’Ibn Khaldūn: Al-Ābilı,̄ ” Maisonneuve & Larose, Studia Islamica, No. 20, 103–114. Natarajan, P. (2013) “Unlocking India’s innovation potential,” The Times of India, 31 August 2013. Newman, W. L. (2010) Edited, “The politics of Aristotle,” Vol. 2, Cambridge Library Collection. North, D. C. (1990) “Institutions, Institutional change and Economic Performance,” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. North, D. C. and R. P. Thomas (1973) “The Rise of the Western World: A New Economic History,” Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nouira Ben Daaya, A. (2001) “Mufti of the Republic in Tunisia: The institution and the function” (in Arab), Cérès Edition, Tunis. Nucifora, A., E. Churchill and B. Rijkers (2015) “Cronyism, corruption, and the Arab Spring: The case of Tunisia,” Chapter 4 in 2015 Index of Economic Freedom: Promoting Economic Opportunity and Prosperity, The Heritage Foundation. Obstfeld, M. (2009) “International finance and growth in developing countries: What have we learned?” NBER Working Papers 14691, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. OCDE (2014) “Un nouveau virage à prendre: les grands enjeux des 50 prochaines années,” Notes de politique économique du Département des Affaires Économiques, No. 24, Juillet 2014. OECD/DAC (2007) “The principles for good international engagement in fragile states and situations,” OECD, Paris. OECD/DAC (2008) “Concepts and dilemmas of state building in fragile situations: From fragility to resilience,” Discussion Paper, OECD, Paris. Oláh, D. (2017) “The amazing Arab scholar who beat Adam Smith by half a millennium,” http://evonomics.com/amazing-north-african-scholar-beat-adamsmith-half-millennium/. Panagariya, A. (1998) “Full convertibility: Must we have it?” The Economic Times, 26 October. Parra, C. and F. Moulaert (2011) “La nature de la durabilité sociale: vers une lecture socioculturelle du développement territorial durable,” Développement durable et territoires Vol. 2, No. 2, “Culture et développement durable: vers quel ordre social?”. Patriarca, G. (2010) “A medieval approach to social sciences: The philosophy of Ibn Khaldun – Some historical notes and actual reflections,” Journal of Markets & Morality, Vol. 13, No. 1, 175–188. Pattillo, C., H. Poirson and L. Ricci (2002) “External debt and growth,” IMF Working Paper WP/02/69, IMF, Washington, DC. Pattillo, C., H. Poirson and L. Ricci (2004) “What are the channels through which external debt affects growth?” IMF Working Paper WP/04/15, IMF, Washington, DC. Pettus, S. (2013) “Social impact bonds,” Harvard Magazine, 11–12, July–August 2013. Phelps, E. (2011) “For a successful Arab revolution,” http://web.stanford.edu/~johntayl/PHELPS LeMonde On G8 Proposal 2011-5-20.pdf. Phelps, E. (2014) “Why teaching humanities improves innovation,” Project Syndicates, Edmund S. Phelps, 4 September 2014. Piketty, T. (2013) “Capital in the twenty-first century,” Éditions du Seuil, Harvard University Press, Vol. 63, No. 4, 393–429. Pisani-Ferry, J. (2015) “Reengineering government,” Project Syndicate, 30 April 2015. Pittman, R. (2009) “Restructuring in times of crisis,” Network Industries Quarterly, Vol. 11, No. 4. Pofeldt, E. (2012) “An untapped source of entrepreneurial financing,” https://www.forbes.com/sites/elainepofeldt/2012/08/30/an-untapped-source-offinancing-for-job-creation/#36252d4b435e. Polychroniou, C. J. (2016) “Socialism for the rich, capitalism for the poor: An interview with Noam Chomsky,” Truthout, 11 December 2016. Porter, M. (2015) “Why social progress matters,” Project Syndicate, 9 April 2015. Prasad, E. (2009) “India’s approach to capital account liberalization,” IZA Discussion Papers 3927, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Prasad, E. and R. G. Rajan (2008) “A pragmatic approach to capital account liberalization,” IZA Discussion Papers 3475, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Prizzon, A., R. Greenhill and S. Mustapha (2016) “An age of choice for development finance: Evidence from country case studies,” The Overseas Development Institute, Research reports and studies April 2016. Reich, R. (2015) “What happened to the moral center of American capitalism?” robertreich.org/post/128336881225FRIDAY, 4 September 2015. Robalino, D., A. Kuddo, and D. F. Angel-Urdinola (2015) “Policy recommendations” Chapter 4 in “Labor Policy to Promote Good Jobs in Tunisia: Revisiting Labor Regulation, Social Security, and Active Labor Market Programs,” Edited by Diego F. Angel-Urdinola. Antonio Nucifora, and David Robalino, World Bank Group. Roded, R. (1994) “Women in Islamic bibliographical collections from Ibn Sa’ad to who’s who,” Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder and London. Rousseau, J.-J. (1962) “Du contrat social, ou principes du droit politique” in Collection complète des oeuvres, Genève, 1780–1789, Vol. 1, in-4° édition en ligne www.rousseauonline.ch version du 7 octobre 2012, http://www.rousseauonline.ch/Text/du-contrat-social-ou-principes-du-droit-politique.php. Sachs, J. D. (2015) “Data for development,” Project Syndicate, 6 May 2015. Saladin, H. (1908) “Tunis et Kairouan,” Editions Henri Laurens, Paris. Salela, P. (2010) “Building an ITeS country programme: Lessons from South Africa,” A presentation during the World Bank Institute Training, “Financial and ICT/A Training of Trainers and Executive Course for MENA Countries,” Vienna Joint Institute, 28 June–2 July 2010. Schwab, K. (2015) “How can we achieve growth for the many, not just the few?” World Economic Forum. Shiller, Robert J. (2014) “Creativity, corporatism, and crowds,” Project Syndicate, 18 November 2014. Shirazi, N. S. and M. F. Bin Amin (2009) “Providing for the resource shortfall for poverty elimination through potential zakat collection in OIC-member countries: Reappraised,” The Pakistan Development Review, Vol. 48, No. 4, 739–754. Sitorus, D. (2013) “Smart policy: Why Islamic banks matter in Indonesia,” CGAP Blog, http://www.cgap.org/blog/smart-policy-why-islamic-banks-matterindonesia. Spence, M. (2016) “Economic decline is leading to political instability. What’s the solution?,” World Economic Forum and Project Syndicate, 24 March 2016. Stiglitz (NETI), http://ineteconomics.org/institute-blog/joseph-stiglitz-economics-has-come-terms-wealth-and-income-inequality. Stiglitz, J. E. (1998) “Towards a new paradigm for development: Strategies, policies, and processes,” Prebisch Lecture at UNCTAD, Geneva, 19 October 1998. Stiglitz, J. E. (2002) “Globalization and its discontents,” W. W. Norton & Company, United States. Stiglitz, J. E. (2011) “The Tunisian catalyst,” Project Syndicate, 4 February 2011. Stiglitz, J. E. (2014) “Capitalism needs new rules to restore the growth and stability of postwar era,” The Guardian, 2 September 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/sep/02/joseph-stiglitz-capitalismnew-rules-growth-stability. Stiglitz, J. E. (2015a) “Rewriting the rules of the American economy: An agenda for shared prosperity” Roosevelt Institute. Stiglitz, J. E. (2015b) “A Greek morality tale,” Project Syndicate, 3 February 2015, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/greece-eurozoneausterity-reform-by-joseph-e%2D%2Dstiglitz-2015-02. Stiglitz, J. E. and H. Rashid (2016) “What’s holding back the World economy?” Project Syndicate, 8 February 2016, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/whats-holding-back-the-global-economy-by-josephe%2D%2Dstiglitz-and-hamid-rashid-2016-02?barrier=accessreg. Sudan, R., S. Ayers, P. Dongier, A. Muente-Kunigami and C. Zhen-Wei Qiang (2010) “The global opportunity in IT-based services,” World Bank. Syed Ali, S., N. S. Shirazi and M. S. Nabi (2013) “Role of Islamic finance for the development of IDB-member countries: A case study of Kyrgyz Republic and Tajikistan,” IRTI Occasional Paper No. 14. Talbi, M. (2006) “Eyel Allah,” Cérès edition 2006. Thomson Reuters (2017) “Sukuk perceptions & forecast Study 2017”. Tong, G. C. (2007) “Opening Speech, Singapore International WAQF Conference 2007,” Integration of AWQAF (Islamic Endowment) in the Islamic Financial Sector, 6 March 2007. Trabelsi, K. (2014) “Current state of the informal economy in Tunisia as seen through its stakeholders: Facts and alternative,” Solidarity Center, solidaritycenter.org. Tsang, J. C. (2016) “The 2016–17 Budget,” Speech on Wednesday 24 February 2016. UNDP (2006) “Report on the meeting on “GDP-indexed bonds: An idea whose time has come,” Washington, DC, 21 April 2006. UNDP (2010) “A Guide to UNDP democratic governance practice,” http://www.undp.org. UNDP (2015) “UNDP and governance: Experiences and lessons learned,” UNDP. UNESCO (2001) “The Different aspects of Islamic culture,” Vol. IV, “Science and Technology in Islam,” Edited by A. Y. al-Hassan, M. Ahmed and A. Z. Iskandar, UNESCO Publishing, Paris, 2001. United Nations (2015) “World population prospects: The 2015 revision,” Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Verhelst T. (2000) “Mondialisation, culture et spiritualité,” Cultures et Développement. Whiteshield Partners (2012) “Knowledge economy assessment of Tunisia: Identifying and addressing capability and innovation gaps in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean region (SEMED)”. Wilson, R. (2004) “Innovation in the structuring of Islamic sukuk securities,” Humanomics, Vol. 24, No. 3, 170–181. Wilson, J. S., C. L. Mann and T. Otsuki (2003) “Trade facilitation and economic development: New approach to quantifying the impact,” The World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 17, No. 13, 367–389. World Bank (1999) “Knowledge for development,” World Development Report, published for the World Bank by Oxford University Press. World Bank (2008) “Tunisia’s global integration: Second generation of reforms to boost growth and employment,” World Bank Country Studies, The World Bank, Washington DC. World Bank (2010) “Republic of Tunisia development policy review: Towards innovation-driven growth,” Development Policy Review, January 2010, Report No. 50847-TN. World Bank (2013) “Projet de développement de la compétitivité et des exportations: Document d’information du projet (Pid) phase d’évaluation,” Report N° 78503. World Bank (2014a) “The unfinished revolution: Bringing opportunity. Good jobs and greater wealth to all Tunisians,” Development Policy Review, May 2014, Report No. 86179-TN. World Bank (2014b) “Tunisia: Breaking the barriers to youth inclusion,” World Bank, Report No. 89233-TN. World Bank (2014c) “The opportunities of digitizing payments,” A report by L. Klapper and D. Singer, World Bank Development Research Group of the World Bank, 28 August 2014. World Bank (2016) “Poverty has fallen in the Maghreb, but inequality persists,” Feature Story, 17 October 2016. World Bank, the Better Than Cash Alliance, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (2014) “The opportunities of digitizing payments,”| http://www.gpfi.org/publications/opportunities-digitizing-payments. World Economic Forum (2012a) “Redefining the emerging market opportunity: Driving growth through financial services innovation”. World Economic Forum (2012b) “The financial development report 2012,” http://www.weforum.org/reports/financial-development-report-2012. Yu, Y. (2008) “Managing capital flows: The case of the People’s Republic of China,” Finance Working Papers 2008.10, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.