Supply chain integration and performance relationship: a moderating effects review

Tarifa Fernández, Jorge and de Burgos Jiménez, Jeronimo (2016): Supply chain integration and performance relationship: a moderating effects review. Published in: International Journal of Logistics Management , Vol. 4, No. 28 (2017): pp. 1243-1271.

Abstract

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to interpret the relationship between supply chain integration (SCI) and performance. To find empirical evidence of the moderating factors that affects said relationship, as well as to describe, classify, and discuss the empirical evidence. Design/methodology/approach – A systematic review of 72 studies published during the period 2001-2015 is offered. A multi-criteria approach is used to sort, structure and classify papers with the purpose of contributing to the discussion. Findings – The direct relationship between SCI and performance shows mostly positive results, however, the moderating effects analyzed show a clear lack of consistency since their effect and significance vary depending on the measures used, both in SCI and performance. Research limitations/implications – The use of specific keywords of SCI to select an initial sample of papers may lead to a narrow perspective, although snowballing was used to include relevant papers initially excluded. Originality/value – The analysis and classification of moderating factors as well as the measure of their tendency help to better understand the questions that remain unsolved regarding SCI and performance. Propositions for further research are suggested.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Supply chain integration, moderating effects, uncertainty, internal integration, strategy, performance.
• Subjects: M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M1 - Business Administration > M10 - General; M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M1 - Business Administration > M11 - Production Management

References

Abdallah, A., Obeidat, B. and Aqqad, N., (2014), “The Impact of Supply Chain Management Practices on Supply Chain Performance in Jordan: The Moderating Effect of Competitive Intensity”. International Business Research, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 13–28.

Alam, A., Bagchi, P., Kim, B., Mitra, S., and Seabra, F. (2014). "The mediating effect of logistics integration on supply chain performance: A multi-country study". The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 553-580.

Alfalla-Luque, R., Marin-Garcia, J., & Medina-Lopez, C. (2015), "An analysis of the direct and mediated effects of employee commitment and supply chain integration on organizational performance". International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 162, pp. 242-257.

Bagchi, P., Chun Ha, B., Skjoett-Larsen, T., and Boege Soerensen, L. (2005). "Supply chain integration: a European survey". The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 275-294.

Barney, J., (1991), “Firm Resources and sustained Competitive Advantage”. Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 99–120.

Beheshti, H., Oghazi, P., Mostaghel, R., and Hultman, M. (2014). "Supply chain integration and firm performance: an empirical study of Swedish manufacturing firms". Competitiveness Review, Vol. 24, No.1, pp. 20-31.

Boon-itt, S. and Wong, C., (2011), “The moderating effects of technological and demand uncertainties on the relationship between supply chain integration and customer delivery performance”. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 253–276.

Cao, M., and Zhang, Q. (2011), “Supply chain collaboration impact on collaborative advantage and firm performance”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 163–180.

Chan, R., He, H., Chan, H. K., and Wang, W. Y. C. (2012), “Environmental orientation and corporate performance: The mediation mechanism of green supply chain management and moderating effect of competitive intensity”. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 621–630.

Chang, S., Lin, N. and Sheu, C. (2002), "Aligning manufacturing flexibility with environmental uncertainty: evidence from high-technology component manufacturers in Taiwan", International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 40, No. 18, pp. 4765-4780.

Cook, L., Heiser, D., and Sengupta, K., (2011), “The moderating effect of supply chain role on the relationship between supply chain practices and performance: An empirical analysis”. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 104–134.

Corsten, D. and Felde, J., (2005), “Exploring the performance effects of key‐supplier collaboration: An empirical investigation into Swiss buyer‐supplier relationships”. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 445–461.

Da Silveira, G. and Slack, N., (2001), “Exploring the trade-off concept”. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 21, No. 7, pp. 949-964.

Danese, P., and Romano, P., (2011), “Supply chain integration and efficiency performance: a study on the interactions between customer and supplier integration”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 220–230.

Danese, P., and Romano, P., (2013), “The moderating role of supply network structure on the customer integration-efficiency relationship”. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp. 372–393.

Danese, P., Romano, P. and Formentini, M., (2013), “The impact of supply chain integration on responsiveness: The moderating effect of using an international supplier network”. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 125–140.

Davis, T., (1993), “Effective Supply Chain Management”. Sloan, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 35–46. Donaldson, L., (2001), “The Contingency Theory of Organizations”, SAGE Publications.

Droge, C., Jayaram, J. and Vickery, S. K., (2004), “The effects of internal versus external integration practices on time- based performance and overall firm performance”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 557–573.

Dyer, J. H., and Singh, H. (1998), “The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage”. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 660–679.

Ellinger, A.E., Daugherty, P.J. and Keller, S.B., (2000), “The relationship between marketing/logistics interdepartmental integration and performance in U.S. manufacturing firms: an empirical study”. Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 1–22.

Fabbe-Costes, N. and Jahre, M., (2008), “Supply chain integration and performance: a review of the evidence”. The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 130–154.

Fawcett, S. and Magnan, G., (2002), “The rhetoric and reality of supply chain integration”. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 339–361.

Flynn, B.B., Huo, B. and Zhao, X., (2010), “The impact of supply chain integration on performance: A contingency and configuration approach”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 58–71.

Frohlich, M.T. and Westbrook, R., (2001), “Arcs of integration: An international study of supply chain strategies”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 185–200.

Germain, R., Claycomb, C., and Dröge, C. (2008), “Supply chain variability, organizational structure, and performance: the moderating effect of demand unpredictability”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 557-570.

Giménez, C., van der Vaart, T. and van Donk, D.P. (2012), "Supply chain integration and performance: the moderating effect of supply complexity", International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 583-610.

Han, J., Lu, H., Trienekens, J., and Omta, S., (2013), "The impact of supply chain integration on firm performance in the pork processing industry in China". Chinese Management Studies, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 230-252.

Haro-de-Rosario, A., Sáez-Martín, A., and Caba-Pérez, M. C. (2016). "Using social media to enhance citizen engagement with local government: Twitter or Facebook?" New Media & Society, May 9, 2016 1461444816645652

He, Y., Lai, K., Sun, H., and Chen, Y. (2014). "The impact of supplier integration on customer integration and new product performance: the mediating role of manufacturing flexibility under trust theory". International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 147, pp. 260-270.

Ho, D., Au, K., and Newton, E., (2002), “Empirical research on supply chain management: A critical review and recommendations”. International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 40, No. 17, pp. 4415–4430.

Hong, P., Tran, O., and Park, K. (2010). "Electronic commerce applications for supply chain integration and competitive capabilities: An empirical study". Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 539-560.

Huang, M., Yen, G. and Liu, T., (2014), “Reexamining supply chain integration and the supplier’s performance relationships under uncertainty”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 19, No 1, pp.64–78.

Huo, B., (2012), "The impact of supply chain integration on company performance: an organizational capability perspective", Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 596-610.

Huo, B., Qi, Y., Wang, Z., and Zhao, X. (2014), “The impact of supply chain integration on firm performance”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 19, No. 4, 369–384.

Iyer, K. (2014), “Operational impact of collaboration and resource specificity: the moderating role of technology context”. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 29, No.5, pp. 387-399.

Iyer, K., Germain, R. and Claycomb, C., (2009), “B2B e-commerce supply chain integration and performance: A contingency fit perspective on the role of environment”. Information and Management, Vol. 46, No. 6, pp. 313–322.

Jayaram, J., Xu, K. and Nicolae, M., (2011), “The direct and contingency effects of supplier coordination and customer coordination on quality and flexibility performance”. International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 49, No.1, pp. 59–85.

Jones, C., Hesterly, W. S., and Borgatti, S. P. (1997). "A general theory of network governance: Exchange conditions and social mechanisms". Academy of management review, Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 911-945.

Kannan, V., and Tan, K. (2010). "Supply chain integration: cluster analysis of the impact of span of integration". Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 207-215.

Kim, D. and Cavusgil, E., (2009), “The impact of supply chain integration on brand equity”. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 496–505.

Kim, D., (2013), “Relationship between supply chain integration and performance”. Operations Management Research, Vol. 6, No. 1-2, pp. 74–90.

Kim, S. W. (2009). "An investigation on the direct and indirect effect of supply chain integration on firm performance". International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 119, No. 2, pp. 328-346.

Koçoğlu, İ., İmamoğlu, S., İnce, H., and Keskin, H. (2011), “The effect of supply chain integration on information sharing: Enhancing the supply chain performance”. The Proceedings of 7th International Strategic Management Conference, Vol. 24, pp. 1630–1649.

Koufteros, X., Cheng, T., and Lai, K., (2007), “Black-box and gray box supplier integration in product development: antecedents, consequences and the moderating role of firm size”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 847–870.

Koufteros, X., Vonderembse, M. and Jayaram, J., (2005), “Internal and external integration for product development: The contingency effects of uncertainty, equivocality, and platform strategy”. Decision Sciences, Vol. 36, No.1, pp. 97–133.

Kousha, K., and Thelwall, M. (2007). "Google Scholar citations and Google Web/URL citations: A multi‐discipline exploratory analysis". Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 58, No. 7, pp. 1055-1065.

Lambert, D., and Cooper, M., (2000), “Issues in supply chain management”. Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 65–83.

Lau, A., Yam, R., and Tang, E., (2010). "Supply chain integration and product modularity: An empirical study of product performance for selected Hong Kong manufacturing industries". International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 20-56.

Lavie, D., (2006), “The competitive advantage of interconnected firms: an extension of the Resource-Based View”. Academy of Management Review, Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 638–658.

Leuschner, R., Rogers, D., and Charvet, F. (2013), “A meta‐analysis of supply chain integration and firm performance”. Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 34-57.

Li, D., Chau, P., and Lai, F. (2010), "Market orientation, ownership type, and e‐business assimilation: evidence from Chinese firms", Decision Sciences, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 115-145.

Li, N., (2015), “The Impact of Supply Chain Integration on Operation Performance the Moderating Role of IT Competence”. Management Science and Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 40–45.

Liu, H., Ke, W., Wei, K. K., and Hua, Z. (2013), “Effects of supply chain integration and market orientation on firm performance: Evidence from China”. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 322–346.

Lorentz, H., (2008), “Collaboration in Finnish-Russian supply chains”. Baltic Journal of Management, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 246–265.

Lotfi, Z., Sahran, S., Mukhtar, M., and Zadeh, A. T. (2013), “The Relationships between Supply Chain Integration and Product Quality”. Procedia Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 471–478.

Mackelprang, A., Robinson, J., Bernardes, E., and Webb, G., (2014), “The relationship between strategic supply chain integration and performance: A meta-analytic evaluation and implications for supply chain management research”. Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 71-96.

Madhok, A. and Tallman, S., (1998), “Resources, Transactions and Rents: Managing Value through Interfirm Collaborative Relationships”. Organization Science, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 326–339.

Min, S., Mentzer, J. and Ladd, R., (2007), “A market orientation in supply chain management”. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 507–522.

Najafi Tavani, S., Sharifi, H. and S. Ismail, H. (2014), "A study of contingency relationships between supplier involvement, absorptive capacity and agile product innovation". International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 65-92.

Nakano, M., (2009), “Collaborative forecasting and planning in supply chains: The impact on performance in Japanese manufacturers”. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 84–105.

Narasimhan, R. and Kim, S., (2002), “Effect of supply chain integration on the relationship between diversification and performance: evidence from Japanese and Korean firms”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 303–323.

Narayanan, S., Narasimhan, R. and Schoenherr, T., (2015), “Assessing the contingent effects of collaboration on agility performance in buyer-supplier relationships”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 33, pp. 140–154.

Narver, J. and Slater, S., (1990), “The effect of Market Orientation on Business Profitability”. Journal of Marketing, Vol. 54, No. 4, pp. 20–35.

Pagell, M., (2004), “Understanding the factors that enable and inhibit the integration of operations, purchasing and logistics”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 459–487.

Parente, R., Baack, D., and Hahn, E., (2011), “The effect of supply chain integration, modular production, and cultural distance on new product development: A dynamic capabilities approach”. Journal of International Management, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 278–290.

Patton, M., (2002), Qualitative research and evaluation methods. California EU: Sage Publications Inc.

Perkmann, M., Tartari, V., McKelvey, M., Autio, E., Broström, A., D’Este, P., ... and Krabel, S. (2013). “Academic engagement and commercialisation: A review of the literature on university–industry relations”. Research Policy, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 423-442.

Porter, M., (1980), “Competitive Strategy: Technique for analyzing industries and competitors”, Free Press, New York.

Porter, M., (1985), “Competitive Advantage”. Strategic Management, May-June, pp. 1–580.

Prajogo, D., and Olhager, J. (2012). "Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration". International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 135, No. 1, pp. 514-522.

Qi, Y., Zhao, X. and Sheu, C., (2011), “The Impact of Competitive Strategy and Supply Chain Strategy on Business Performance: The Role of Environmental Uncertainty”. Decision Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 371–389.

Richey Jr, R., Chen, H., Upreti, R., Fawcett, S. E., & Adams, F. G. (2009). "The moderating role of barriers on the relationship between drivers to supply chain integration and firm performance". International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 39, No. 10, pp. 826-840.

Ritala, P. and Ellonen, H., (2010), “Competitive advantage in interfirm cooperation: old and new explanations. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 367–383.

Rosenzweig, E., (2009), "A contingent view of e-collaboration and performance in manufacturing". Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 27, No. 6, pp. 462-478.

Rosenzweig, E., Roth, A., and Dean, J., (2003), “The influence of an integration strategy on competitive capabilities and business performance: an exploratory study of consumer products manufacturers”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 437-456.

Salvador, F. and Villena, V., (2013), “Supplier Integration and NPD Outcomes: Conditional Moderation Effects of Modular Design Competence”. Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 87–113.

Sanders, N., and Premus, R., (2005), “Modeling the relationships between IT capability, collaboration, and performance”. Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 1–23.

Schoenherr, T., and Swink, M. (2012), “Revisiting the arcs of integration: Cross-validations and extensions”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 30, No. 1, 99-115.

Seo, Y., Dinwoodie, J., and Kwak, D. (2014). "The impact of innovativeness on supply chain performance: is supply chain integration a missing link?" Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 19, No. 5/6, pp. 733-746.

Simatupang, T., and Sridharan, R. (2004). "Benchmarking supply chain collaboration: an empirical study". Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 484-503.

Singh, P., and Power, D., (2009), “The nature and effectiveness of collaboration between firms, their customers and suppliers: a supply chain perspective”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 189–200.

Squire, B., Cousins, P., Lawson, B., and Brown, S. (2009). "The effect of supplier manufacturing capabilities on buyer responsiveness: the role of collaboration". International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 29, No 8, pp. 766-788.

Stank, T., Keller, S., and Closs, D. (2001). "Performance benefits of supply chain logistical integration". Transportation Journal, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 32-46.

Stevens, G., (1989), “Integrating the supply chain”. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Materials Management, Vol. 19, No. 8, pp. 3–8.

Stonebraker, P., and Liao, J., (2006), “Supply chain integration: exploring product and environmental contingencies”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 34–43.

Sun, H., and Ni, W. (2012). "The impact of upstream supply and downstream demand integration on quality management and quality performance”. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp. 872-890.

Suri, H., (2011). "Purposeful sampling in qualitative research synthesis”. Qualitative Research Journal, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 63-75.

Swink, M., Narasimhan, R., and Wang, C. (2007). "Managing beyond the factory walls: effects of four types of strategic integration on manufacturing plant performance". Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 148-164.

Tranfield, D., Denyer, D. and Smart, P., (2003), “Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review”. British Journal of Management, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 207–222.

Tseng, P., and Liao, C. (2015). "Supply chain integration, information technology, market orientation and firm performance in container shipping firms". The International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 82-106.

van der Vaart, T., and van Donk, D., (2008), “A critical review of survey-based research in supply chain integration”. International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 111, No. 1, pp. 42-55.

van der Vaart, T., van Donk, D., Gimenez, C., and Sierra, V., (2012), “Modelling the integration-performance relationship: Collaborative practices, enablers and contextual factors”. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 1043-1074.

Vereecke, A., and Muylle, S. (2006). "Performance improvement through supply chain collaboration in Europe". International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 26, No. 11, pp. 1176-1198.

Vickery, S., Jayaram, J., Droge, C., and Calantone, R., (2003), “The effects of an integrative supply chain strategy on customer service and financial performance: an analysis of direct versus indirect relationships”. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 523-539.

Walls, J. L., Phan, P. H., and Berrone, P. (2011). "Measuring environmental strategy: Construct development, reliability, and validity". Business & Society, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 71-115.

Wernerfelt, B., (1984), “A Resource based view of the firm”. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 171–180.

Wiengarten, F., and Longoni, A. (2015). "A nuanced view on supply chain integration: a coordinative and collaborative approach to operational and sustainability performance improvement". Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 139-150.

Wiengarten, F., Humphreys, P., Cao, G., Fynes, B., & McKittrick, A., (2010). “Collaborative supply chain practices and performance: exploring the key role of information quality”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 463–473.

Wiengarten, F., Pagell, M., Ahmed, M., and Giménez, C. (2014), “Do a country's logistical capabilities moderate the external integration performance relationship?” Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 51-63.

Williamson, O.E., (1979), “Transaction-Cost Economics : the Governance of Contractual Relations”. Journal of Law and Economics, Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 233–261.

Wisner, J., and Keah, C., (2000), “Supply Chain Management and Its Impact on Purchasing”. Journal of Supply Chain Management, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 33–42.

Wong, C., Boon-Itt, S., and Wong, C.W. (2011), “The contingency effects of environmental uncertainty on the relationship between supply chain integration and operational performance”. Journal of Operations management, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 604-615.

Wong, C., Lai, K., and Bernroider, E., (2015), “The performance of contingencies of supply chain information integration: The roles of product and market complexity”. International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 165, pp. 1–11.

Wu, G., (2013), “The influence of green supply chain integration and environmental uncertainty on green innovation in Taiwan’s IT industry”. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 539–552.

Xu, D., Huo, B., and Sun, L. (2014). "Relationships between intra-organizational resources, supply chain integration and business performance: an extended resource-based view". Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 114, No. 8, pp. 1186-1206.

Yu, W., Jacobs, M., Salisbury, W., and Enns, H. (2013). "The effects of supply chain integration on customer satisfaction and financial performance: An organizational learning perspective". International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 146, No. 1, pp. 346-358.

Zacharia, Z., Nix, N., and Lusch, R. (2009). "An analysis of supply chain collaborations and their effect on performance outcomes". Journal of Business Logistics, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 101-123.

Zailani, S. and Rajagopal, P., (2005), “Supply chain integration and performance: US versus East Asian companies”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 10, No. 5, pp. 379–393.

Zhang, M., and Huo, B. (2013). "The impact of dependence and trust on supply chain integration". International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Vol. 43, No. 7, pp. 544-563.

Zhao, G., Feng, T., and Wang, D. (2015). "Is more supply chain integration always beneficial to financial performance?". Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 45, pp. 162-172.

Zhao, L., Huo, B., Sun, L., and Zhao, X., (2013), “The impact of supply chain risk on supply chain integration and company performance: a global investigation”. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 115-131.

Zhou, K., Brown, J.R. and Dev, C., (2009), “Market orientation, competitive advantage, and performance: A demand-based perspective”. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 62, No. 11, pp. 1063–1070.

Zolait, A., Razak Ibrahim, A., Chandran, V. and Pandiyan, V. (2010), “Supply chain integration: an empirical study on manufacturing industry in Malaysia”. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, Vol. 12, No. 3, 210-221.