Dechenaux, Emmanuel and Kovenock, Dan and Sheremeta, Roman (2014): A Survey of Experimental Research on Contests, All-Pay Auctions and Tournaments. Forthcoming in: Experimental Economics
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_59714.pdf Download (645kB) | Preview |
Abstract
Many economic, political and social environments can be described as contests in which agents exert costly efforts while competing over the distribution of a scarce resource. These environments have been studied using Tullock contests, all-pay auctions and rank-order tournaments. This survey provides a comprehensive review of experimental research on these three canonical contests. First, we review studies investigating the basic structure of contests, including the number of players and prizes, spillovers and externalities, heterogeneity, risk and incomplete information. Second, we discuss dynamic contests and multi-battle contests. Then we review studies examining sabotage, feedback, bias, collusion, alliances, group contests and gender, as well as field experiments. Finally, we discuss applications of contests and suggest directions for future research.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | A Survey of Experimental Research on Contests, All-Pay Auctions and Tournaments |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | contests, all-pay auctions, tournaments, experiments |
Subjects: | C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods > C7 - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods > C9 - Design of Experiments D - Microeconomics > D7 - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making H - Public Economics > H4 - Publicly Provided Goods J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J4 - Particular Labor Markets J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J7 - Labor Discrimination K - Law and Economics > K4 - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior L - Industrial Organization > L2 - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M5 - Personnel Economics |
Item ID: | 59714 |
Depositing User: | Roman Sheremeta |
Date Deposited: | 07 Nov 2014 11:07 |
Last Modified: | 26 Sep 2019 10:46 |
References: | Abbink, K., Brandts, J., Herrmann, B. & Orzen, H. (2010). Inter-group conflict and intra-group punishment in an experimental contest game. American Economic Review, 100, 420-447. Abbink, K., Brandts, J., Herrmann, B. & Orzen, H. (2012). Parochial altruism in inter-group conflicts. Economics Letters, 117, 45-48. Agranov, M. & Tergiman, C. (2013). Incentives and compensation schemes: An experimental study. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 31, 238-247. Ahn, T.K., R, Isaac, M. & Salmon, T.C. (2011). Rent seeking in groups. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 29, 116-125. Altmann, S., Falk, A. & Wibral, M. (2012). Promotions and incentives: The case of multistage elimination tournaments. Journal of Labor Economics, 30, 149 - 174. Amaldoss, W. & Rapoport, A. (2009). Excessive expenditure in two-stage contests: Theory and experimental evidence. In F. Columbus (Ed.), Game Theory: Strategies, Equilibria, and Theorems. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. Amaldoss, W., Meyer, R.J., Raju, J.S. & Rapoport, A. (2000). Collaborating to compete. Marketing Science, 19, 105-126. Amegashie, J.A., Cadsby, C.B. & Song, Y. (2007). Competitive burnout: Theory and experimental evidence. Games and Economic Behavior, 59, 213-239. Anderson, L.A. & Freeborn, B.A. (2010). Varying the intensity of competition in a multiple prize rent seeking experiment. Public Choice, 143, 237-254. Anderson, L.A. & Stafford, S.L. (2003). An experimental analysis of rent seeking under varying competitive conditions. Public Choice, 115, 199-216. Arad, A. & Rubinstein, A. (2012). Multi-dimensional iterative reasoning in action: The case of the Colonel Blotto game. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 84, 571-585. Arad, A. (2012). The tennis coach problem: A game-theoretic and experimental study. The B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics, 12, 10. Avrahami, J. & Kareev, Y. (2009). Do the weak stand a chance? Distribution of resources in a competitive environment. Cognitive Science, 33, 940-950. Baik, K. H. (1994). Effort levels in contests with two asymmetric players. Southern Economic Journal, 61, 367-378. Baik, K.H. & Shogren, J.F. (1992). Strategic behavior in contests: Comment. American Economic Review, 82, 359-362. Baik, K.H. (1993). Effort levels in contests: The public-good prize case. Economics Letters, 41, 363-367. Baik, K.H., Cherry, T.L., Kroll, S. & Shogren, J.F. (1999). Endogenous timing in a gaming tournament. Theory and Decision, 47, 1-21. Balafoutas, L. & Sutter, M. (2012). Affirmative action policies promote women and do not harm efficiency in the lab. Science, 335, 579-582. Balafoutas, L., Kerschbamer, R. & Sutter, M. (2012). Distributional preferences and competitive behavior. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 83, 125-135. Bandiera, O., Barankay, I. & Rasul, I. (2005). Social preferences and the response to incentives: Evidence from personnel data. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120, 917-962. Bandiera, O., Barankay, I. & Rasul, I. (2006). The evolution of cooperative norms: Evidence from a natural field experiment. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy, 6, 1-26. Bandiera, O., Barankay, I. & Rasul, I. (2013). Team incentives: evidence from a firm level experiment. Journal of the European Economic Association, 11, 1079-1114. Barankay, I. (2011). Rankings and social tournaments: evidence from a crowd-sourcing experiment. Working Paper. Bartling, B., Fehr, E., Marechal, M.A. & Schunk, D. (2009). Egalitarianism and competitiveness. American Economic Review, 99, 93-98. Barut, Y. & Kovenock, D. & Noussair, C.N. (2002). A comparison of multiple-unit all-pay and winner-pay auctions under incomplete information. International Economic Review, 43, 675-708. Barut, Y. & Kovenock, D. (1998). The symmetric multiple prize all-pay auction with complete information. European Journal of Political Economy, 14, 627-644. Baye, M.R. & Hoppe, H.C. (2003). The Strategic equivalence of rent-seeking, innovation, and patent-race games. Games and Economic Behavior, 44, 217-226. Baye, M.R., Kovenock, D. & de Vries, C.G. (1993). Rigging the lobbying process: An application of the all-pay auction. American Economic Review, 83, 289-294. Baye, M.R., Kovenock, D. & de Vries, C.G. (1994). The solution to the Tullock rent-seeking game when r is greater than 2: Mixed-strategy equilibria and mean dissipation rates. Public Choice, 81, 363-380. Baye, M.R., Kovenock, D. & de Vries, C.G. (1996). The all-pay auction with complete information. Economic Theory, 8, 291-305. Baye, M.R., Kovenock, D. & de Vries, C.G. (2005). Comparative analysis of litigation systems: an auction-theoretic approach. Economic Journal, 115, 583-601. Baye, M.R., Kovenock, D. & de Vries, C.G. (2012). Contests with rank-order spillovers. Economic Theory, 51, 351-350. Bigoni, M., Fort, M., Nardotto, M., Reggiani, T. (2011). Teams or tournaments? A field experiment on cooperation and competition in academic achievement. Working Paper, Università di Bologna. Bilodeau, M., Childs, J. & Mestelman, S. (2004). Volunteering a public service: An experimental investigation. Journal of Public Economics, 88, 2839-2855. Blimpo, M.P. (2014). Team incentives for education in developing countries: A randomized field experiment in Benin. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, forthcoming. Bloch, F. (2012). Endogenous formation of alliances in conflicts. In Michelle R. Garfinkel and Stergios Skaperdas, (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Peace and Conflict. Oxford University Press, New York. Bolle, F., Tan, J.H.W. & Zizzo, D.J. (2014). Vendettas. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 6, 93-130. Borel, E. (1921). La théorie du jeu les équations intégrales a noyau symétrique. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie, 173, 1304-1308; English translation by Savage, L. (1953). The theory of play and integral equations with skew symmetric kernels. Econometrica, 21, 97-100. Brookins, P., & Ryvkin, D. (2014). An experimental study of bidding in contests of incomplete information. Experimental Economics, 17, 245-261. Bull, C., Schotter, A. & Weigelt, K. (1987). Tournaments and piece rates: An experimental study. Journal of Political Economy, 95, 1-33. Bullock, D. & Rutström, E. (2007). Policy making and rent-dissipation: An experimental test. Experimental Economics, 10, 21-36. Caldara, M. (2012). Bidding behavior in pay-to-bid auctions: An experimental study. Working Paper. Calsamiglia, C., Franke, J. & Rey‐Biel, P. (2013). The incentive effects of affirmative action in a real-effort tournament. Journal of Public Economics, 98, 15-31. Carpenter, J., Holmes, J. & Matthews, P. (2008). Charity auctions: A field experiment. Economic Journal, 118, 92-113. Carpenter, J., Matthews, P. & Schirm, J. (2010). Tournaments and office politics: Evidence from a real effort experiment. American Economic Review, 100, 504-517. Casas-Arce, P. & Martinez-Jerez, F.A. (2009). Relative performance compensation, contests, and dynamic incentives. Management Science, 55, 1306-1320. Cason, T. N., Masters, W.A. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2010). Entry into winner-take-all and proportional-prize contests: An experimental study. Journal of Public Economics, 94, 604-611. Cason, T.N., Masters, W.A., & Sheremeta, R.M. (2013). Winner-take-all and proportional-prize contests: theory and experimental results. Economic Science Institute, Working Paper. Cason, T.N., Sheremeta, R.M. & Zhang, J. (2012). Communication and efficiency in competitive coordination games. Games and Economic Behavior, 76, 26-43. Cason, T.N., Sheremeta, R.M. & Zhang, J. (2014). Asymmetric and endogenous communication in competition between groups. Games and Economic Behavior, 76, 26-43. Chark, R., Rapoport, A. & Zwick, R. (2011). Experimental comparison of two multiple-stage contest designs with asymmetric players. Public Choice, 147, 305-329. Charness, G. & Kuhn, P. (2011). Lab labor: What can labor economists learn from the lab? In: Ashenfelter, O., Card, D. (Eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, Elsevier, pp. 229-331. Chen, H., Ham, S.H. & Lim, N. (2011). Designing multiperson tournaments with asymmetric contestants: An experimental study. Management Science, 57, 864-883. Cherry, T.L. & Cotten, S.J. (2011). Sleeping with the enemy: The economic cost of internal environmental conflicts. Economic Inquiry, 49, 530-539. Chowdhury, S.M., & Sheremeta, R.M. (2011a). A generalized Tullock contest. Public Choice, 147, 413-420. Chowdhury, S.M., & Sheremeta, R.M. (2011b). Multiple equilibria in Tullock contests. Economics Letters, 112, 216-219. Chowdhury, S.M., & Sheremeta, R.M. (2014). Strategically equivalent contests. Theory and Decision, forthcoming. Chowdhury, S.M., Kovenock, D. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2013a). An experimental investigation of Colonel Blotto games. Economic Theory, 52, 833-861. Chowdhury, S.M., Sheremeta, R.M., Lee, D. (2013b). Top guns may not fire: Best-shot group contests with group-specific public good prizes. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 92, 94-103. Chowdhury, S.M., Sheremeta, R.M., Turocy, T.L. (2014). Overbidding and overspreading in rent-seeking experiments: Cost structure and prize allocation rules. Games and Economic Behavior. 87, 224-238. Chung, T.Y. (1996). Rent-seeking contest when the prize increases with aggregate efforts. Public Choice, 87, 55-66. Cinar, Y. & Goksel, T., (2012). An experimental analysis of Colonel Blotto games under alternative environments. İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 27, 39-57. Clark, D.J. & Konrad, K.A. (2007). Asymmetric conflict: Weakest link against best shot. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 51, 457-469. Clark, D.J. & Riis, C. (1998). Influence and the discretionary allocation of several prizes. European Journal of Political Economy, 14, 605-625. Cohen, C. & Shavit, T. (2012). Experimental tests of Tullock's contest with and without winner refunds. Research in Economics, 66, 263–272. Corazzini, L., Faravelli, M. & Stanca, L. (2010). A prize to give for: An experiment on public good funding mechanisms. Economic Journal, 120, 944-967. Cornes, R., & Hartley, R. (2012). Risk aversion in symmetric and asymmetric contests. Economic Theory, 51, 247-275. Coughlan, P.J. & Plott, C. (1997) An experimental analysis of the structure of legal fees: American rule vs. English rule. California Institute of Technology, Working Paper. Croson, R. & Gneezy, U. (2009). Gender differences in preferences. Journal of Economic Literature, 47, 448-474. Dasgupta, P. (1986). The Theory of Technological Competition. In J. E. Stiglitz and G. F. Mathewson, (Eds.), New Developments in the Analysis of Market Structure. Cambridge, MIT Press. Davis, D. & Reilly, R. (1998). Do many cooks always spoil the stew? An experimental analysis of rent seeking and the role of a strategic buyer. Public Choice, 95, 89-115. Davis, D., Razzolini, L., Reilly, R. & Wilson, B.J. (2006). Raising revenues for charity: Auctions versus lotteries. In D. D. Davis and M. Isaac, eds., Research in Experimental Economics, Volume 11. Greenwich: JAI Press. De Paola, M., Scoppa, V. & Nisticò, R. (2012). Monetary incentives and student achievement in a depressed labor market: Results from a randomized experiment. Journal of Human Capital, 6, 56-85. Dechenaux, E. & Mancini, M. (2008). Auction-theoretic approach to modeling legal systems: An experimental analysis. Applied Economics Research Bulletin, 2, 142-177. Dechenaux, E., Kovenock, D., & Sheremeta, R. M. (2012). A survey of experimental research on contests, all-pay auctions and tournaments. Economic Science Institute, Working paper. Deck, C. & Farmer, A. (2009). Strategic bidding and investments in final offer arbitration: Theory and experimental evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 70, 361-373. Deck, C. & Jahedi, S. (2014). Time discounting in strategic contests. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, forthcoming. Deck, C. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2012). Fight or flight? Defending against sequential attacks in the game of siege. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 56, 1069-1088. Deck, C., Foster, J., Song, H. (2012). Alliances in defense against an opportunistic opponent: Theory and experiments. Working Paper. Delfgaauw, J., Dur, R., Sol, J. & Verbeke, W. (2013). Tournament incentives in the field: Gender differences in the workplace. Journal of Labor Economics, 31, 305-326. Delfgaauw, J., Dur, R., Sol, J. & Verbeke, W. (2014). The effects of prize spread and noise in elimination tournaments: A natural field experiment. Journal of Labor Economics, forthcoming. DeScioli, P. & Wilson, B.J. (2011). The territorial foundations of human property. Evolution and Human Behavior, 32, 297-304. Dickinson, D.L. & Isaac, M.R. (1998). Absolute and relative rewards for individuals in team production. Managerial and Decision Economics, 19, 299-310. Dickinson, D.L. (2001). The carrot vs. the stick in work team motivation. Experimental Economics, 4, 107-124. Diekmann, A. (1985). Volunteer’s dilemma. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 29, 605-610. Diekmann, A. (1986). Volunteer’s dilemma: A social trap without a dominant strategy and some empirical results. In Paradoxical Effects of Social Behavior: Essays in Honor of Anatol Rapoport, ed. by A. Diekmann, and P. Mitter. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 187-197. Diekmann, A. (1993). Cooperation in asymmetric volunteer’s dilemma game: Theory and Experimental Evidence. International Journal of Game Theory, 22, 75-85. Dixit, A.K. (1987). Strategic behavior in contests. American Economic Review, 77, 891-98. Dohmen, T. & Falk, A. (2011). Performance pay and multidimensional sorting: Productivity, preferences, and gender. American Economic Review, 101, 556-90. Drago, R. & Heywood, J.S. (1989). Tournaments, piece rates, and the shape of the payoff function. Journal of Political Economy, 97, 992-998. Duffy, J. & Kornienko, T. (2010). Does competition affect giving? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 74, 82-103. Durham, Y., Hirshleifer, J. & Smith, V.L. (1998). Do the rich get richer and the poor poorer? Experimental tests of a model of power. American Economic Review, 88, 970-83. Ederer, F. & Fehr, E. (2009). Deception and incentives: how dishonesty undermines effort provision. IZA, Working Paper. Ederer. F. (2010). Feedback and motivation in dynamic tournaments. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 19, 733-769. Eisenkopf, G. & Teyssier, S. (2012). Horizontal and vertical social preferences in tournaments. Working Paper. Eisenkopf, G., & Teyssier, S. (2013). Envy and loss aversion in tournaments. Journal of Economic Psychology, 34, 240-255. Erev, I., Bornstein, G. & Galili, R. (1993). Constructive intergroup competition as a solution to the free rider problem: A field experiment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29, 463-478. Ericsson, K.A. & Charness, N. (1994). Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition. American Psychologist, 49, 725 - 747. Eriksson, T., Poulsen, A. & Villeval, M.C. (2009a). Feedback and incentives: Experimental evidence. Labour Economics, 16, 679-688. Eriksson, T., Teyssier, S. & Villeval, M.C. (2009b). Self-selection and the efficiency of tournaments. Economic Inquiry, 47, 530-548. Ernst, C. & Thöni, C. (2013). Bimodal bidding in experimental all-pay auctions. Games, 4, 608-623. Falk, A. Fehr, E. & Huffman, D. (2008). The power and limits of tournament incentives. WZB, Working Paper. Fallucchi, F., Renner, E., & Sefton, M. (2013). Information feedback and contest structure in rent-seeking games. European Economic Review, 64, 223-240. Fehr, D. & Schmidt, J. (2011). Exclusion in the all-pay auction: An experimental investigation. WZB, Working Paper. Fershtman, C. & Gneezy, U. (2011). The trade-off between performance and quitting in high-power tournaments. Journal of the European Economic Association, 9, 318-336. Filippin, A., & Guala, F. (2013). Costless discrimination and unequal achievements in an experimental tournament. Experimental economics, 16, 285-305. Fonseca, M.A. (2009). An experimental investigation of asymmetric contests. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 27, 582-591. Freeman, R.B. & Gelber, A.M. (2010). Prize structure and information in tournaments: Experimental evidence. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2, 149-64. Friedman, L. (1958). Game-theory models in the allocation of advertising expenditure. Operations Research, 6, 699-709. Fu, Q. & Lu, J. (2009). The beauty of “bigness”: on optimal design of multi winner contests. Games and Economic Behavior, 66, 146-161. Fudenberg, D. & Tirole, J. (1986). A theory of exit in duopoly. Econometrica, 54, 943-960. Fudenberg, D., Gilbert, R., Stiglitz, J. & Tirole, J. (1983). Preemption, leapfrogging and competition in patent races. European Economic Review, 22, 3-31. Fullerton, R., Linster, B.G., McKee, M. & Slate, S. (1999). An experimental investigation of research tournaments. Economic Inquiry, 37, 624-636. Gerchak, Y. & He, Q.M. (2003). When will the range of prizes in tournaments increase in the noise or in the number of players? International Game Theory Review, 5, 151-166. Gill, D. & Prowse, V. (2012). A structural analysis of disappointment aversion in a real effort competition. American Economic Review, 102, 469-503. Gneezy, U. & Rustichini, A. (2004). Gender and competition at a young age. American Economic Review, 94, 377-381. Gneezy, U. & Smorodinsky, R. (2006). All-pay auctions – An experimental study. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 61, 255-275. Gneezy, U., Niederle, M. & Rustichini, A. (2003). Performance in competitive environments: Gender differences. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118, 1049-1074. Gradstein, M. & Konrad, K.A. (1999). Orchestrating rent seeking contests. Economic Journal, 109, 536-545. Gradstein, M. (1995). Intensity of competition, entry and entry deterrence in rent seeking contest. Economics and Politics, 7, 79-91. Grosskopf, B., Rentschler, L. & Sarin, R. (2010). Asymmetric information in contests: Theory and experiments. Texas A&M University, Working Paper. Gunnthorsdottir, A. & Rapoport, A. (2006). Embedding social dilemmas in intergroup competition reduces free-riding. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 101, 184-199. Gürtler, O. & Harbring, C. (2010). Feedback in tournaments under commitment problems: Experimental evidence. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 19, 771-810. Gürtler, O., Münster, J. & Nieken, P. (2013). Information policy in tournaments with sabotage. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 115, 932-966. Harbring, C. & Irlenbusch, B. (2003). An experimental study on tournament design. Labour Economics, 10, 443-464. Harbring, C. & Irlenbusch, B. (2005). Incentives in tournaments with endogenous prize selection. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 127, 636-663. Harbring, C. & Irlenbusch, B. (2008). How many winners are good to have? On tournaments with sabotage. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 65, 682-702. Harbring, C. & Irlenbusch, B. (2011). Sabotage in tournaments: Evidence from a laboratory experiment. Management Science, 57, 611-627. Harbring, C. & Lünser, G.K. (2008). On the competition of asymmetric agents. German Economic Review, 9, 373-395. Harbring, C. (2006). The effect of communication in incentive systems - An experimental study. Managerial and Decision Economics, 27, 333-353. Harbring, C., Irlenbusch, B. Krakel, M. & Selten, R. (2007). Sabotage in corporate contests - An experimental analysis. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 14, 367-392. Harris, C. & Vickers, J. (1985). Perfect equilibrium in a model of a race. Review of Economic Studies, 52, 193-209. Harris, C. & Vickers, J. (1987). Racing with uncertainty. Review of Economic Studies, 54, 1-21. Harrison, G.W. & List, J.A. (2004). Field experiments. Journal of Economic Literature, 42, 1009-1055. Hart, S. (2008). Discrete colonel Blotto and general Lotto games. International Journal of Game Theory, 36, 441-460. Healy, A. & Pate, J. (2010). Can teams help to close the gender competition gap? Economic Journal, 155, 1192-1204. Herbst, L., Konrad, K.A. & Morath, F. (2014). Endogenous group formation in experimental contests. Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance, Working Paper. Herrmann, B. & Orzen, H. (2008). The appearance of homo rivalis: Social preferences and the nature of rent seeking. University of Nottingham, Working Paper. Hillman, A. & Riley, J.G. (1989). Politically contestable rents and transfers. Economics and Politics, 1, 17-40. Hirshleifer, J. & Riley, J.G. (1978). Elements of the theory of auctions and contests. UCLA, Working Papers. Höchtl, W., Kerschbamer, R., Stracke, R. & Sunde, U. (2014). Incentives vs. selection in promotion tournaments: Can a designer kill two birds with one stone? Managerial and Decision Economics, forthcoming. Holt, C.A. & Laury, S.K. (2002). Risk aversion and incentive effects. American Economic Review, 92, 1644-1655. Holt, C.A., Kydd, A., Razzolini, L., & Sheremeta, R.M. (2014). The Paradox of Misaligned Profiling: Theory and Experimental Evidence. Journal of Conflict Resolution, forthcoming. Hörisch, H. & Kirchkamp, O. (2010). Less fighting than expected - Experiments with wars of attrition and all-pay auctions. Public Choice, 144, 347-367. Hortala-Vallve, R. & Llorente-Saguer, A. (2010). A simple mechanism for resolving conflict. Games and Economic Behavior, 70, 375-391. Hossain, T., Hong, F. & List, J.A. (2014). Framing manipulations in contests: A natural field experiment. Working Paper. Irfanoglu, B., Mago, S.D. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2014). Sequential versus simultaneous election contests: An experimental study. Working Paper. Kahneman, D. & Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect theory: An analysis of decision under risk. Econometrica, 47, 263-291. Kalra, A. & Shi, M. (2001). Designing optimal sales contests: A theoretical perspective. Marketing Science, 20, 170-193. Katz, E., Nitzan, S. & Rosenberg, J. (1990). Rent-seeking for pure public goods. Public Choice, 65, 49-60. Ke, C. (2011). Fight alone or together? The need to belong. Working Paper. Ke, C., Konrad, K.A. & Morath, F. (2013). Brothers in arms – An experiment on the alliance puzzle. Games and Economic Behavior, 77, 61-76. Ke, C., Konrad, K.A. & Morath, F. (2014). Alliances in the shadow of conflict. Economic Inquiry, forthcoming. Kimbrough, E., Rubin, J., Sheremeta, R., & Shields, T. (2013). Commitment problems in conflict resolution. Economic Science Institute, Working Paper. Kimbrough, E.O. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2013). Side-payments and the costs of conflict. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 31, 278-286. Kimbrough, E.O. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2014). Why can’t we be friends? Entitlements and the costs of conflict. Journal of Peace Research, 51, 487-500. Kimbrough, E.O., Sheremeta, R.M. & Shields, T. (2014). When parity promotes peace: Resolving conflict between asymmetric agents. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 99, 96-108. Klose, B. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2012). Behavior in all-pay and winner-pay auctions with identity-dependent externalities. Working Paper. Klumpp, T. & Polborn, M.K. (2006). Primaries and the New Hampshire effect. Journal of Public Economics, 90, 1073-1114. Kohli, P., Bachrach, Y., Stillwell, D., Kearns, M., Herbrich, R. & Graepel, T. (2012). Colonel Blotto On Facebook: The effect of social relations on strategic interaction. ACM Web Sciences 2012, ACM Conference on Web Sciences. Konrad, K.A. & Kovenock, D. (2009). Multi-battle contests. Games and Economic Behavior, 66, 256-274. Konrad, K.A. (2009). Strategy and dynamics in contests. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Kosfeld, M. & Neckermann, S. (2011). Getting more work for nothing? Symbolic awards and worker performance. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 3, 86-99. Kovenock, D. & Roberson, B. (2010). The optimal defense of networks of targets. Purdue University, Working Paper. Kovenock, D. & Roberson, B. (2012). Conflicts with multiple battlefields. In Michelle R. Garfinkel and Stergios Skaperdas, (Eds.), Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Peace and Conflict. Oxford University Press, New York. Kovenock, D., Roberson, B. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2010). The attack and defense of weakest-link networks. Chapman University, Working Paper. Kräkel, M. & Nieken, P. (2012). Relative performance pay in the shadow of crisis. University of Bonn, Working Paper. Kräkel, M. (2008). Emotions in tournaments. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 67, 204-214. Kräkel, M., Nieken, P. & Przemeck, J. (2012). Risk taking and investing in electoral competition. European Journal of Political Economy, 2014, 33, 98-120. Krishna, V. & Morgan, J. (1997). An analysis of the war of attrition and the all-pay auction. Journal of Economic Theory, 72, 343-362. Krishna, V. & Morgan, J. (1998). The winner-take-all principle in small tournaments. In M.R. Baye (ed.), Advances in Applied Microeconomics. Stamford, CT: JAI Press. Krueger, A.O. (1974). The political economy of the rent-seeking society. American Economic Review, 64, 291-303. Kugler, T., Rapoport A. & Pazy, A. (2010). Public good provision in inter-group conflicts: Effects of asymmetry and profit-sharing rule. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 23, 421-438. Kuhnen, C.M. & Tymula, A. (2012). Feedback, self-esteem and performance in organizations. Management Science, 58, 94-113. Kvasov, D. (2007). Contests with limited resources. Journal of Economic Theory, 136, 738-748. Lacomba, J.A., F.M. Lagos, E. Reuben, and F. van Winden (2014). On the escalation and de-escalation of conflict. Games and Economic Behavior, 86, 40-57. Landry, C., Lange, A., List, J.A., Price, M.K. & Rupp, N. (2006). Toward an understanding of the economics of charity: Evidence from a field experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121, 747-782. Lange, A., List, J.A. & Price, M.K. (2007). Using lotteries to finance public goods: Theory and experimental evidence. International Economic Review, 48, 901-927. Lazear, E.P. & Rosen, S. (1981). Rank-order tournaments as optimum labor contracts. Journal of Political Economy, 89, 841-864. Lazear, E.P. (1999). Personnel economics past lessons and future directions – presidential address to the society of labor economists. Journal of Labor Economics, 17, 199-236. Lazear, E.P. (2000). Performance pay and productivity. American Economic Review, 90, 1346-1361. Lee, D. (2012). Weakest-link contest with group-specific public good prizes. European Journal of Political Economy, 28, 238-248. Leibbrandt, A. & Saaksvuori, L. (2012). Communication in intergroup conflicts. European Economic Review, 56, 1136-47. Leininger, W. & Yang, C.L. (1994). Dynamic rent-seeking games. Games and Economic Behavior, 7, 406-427. Leuven, E., Oosterbeek, H. & van der Klaauw, B. (2010). The effect of financial rewards on students’ achievement: Evidence from a randomized experiment. Journal of the European Economic Association, 8, 1243-1265. Leuven, E., Oosterbeek, H., Sonnemans, J. & van der Klaauw, B. (2011). Incentives versus sorting in tournaments: Evidence from a field experiment. Journal of Labor Economics, 29, 637-658. Lim, N. (2010). Social loss aversion and optimal contest design. Journal of Marketing Research, 47, 777-787. Lim, N., Ahearne, M. & Ham, S.H. (2009). Designing sales contests: Does the prize structure matter? Journal of Marketing Research, 46, 356-371. Lim, W., Matros, A., & Turocy, T. L. (2014). Bounded rationality and group size in Tullock contests: Experimental evidence. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 99, 155-167. Linster, B.G., Fullerton, R.L., Mckee, M. & Slate, S. (2001). Rent-seeking models of international competition: An experimental investigation. Defence and Peace Economics, 12, 285-302. List, J.A., van Soest, D., Stoop, J. & Zhou. H. (2014). On the role of group size in tournaments: Theory and evidence from lab and field experiments. NBER, Working Paper. Liu, T.X., Yang, J., Adamic, L.A. & Chen, Y. (2014). Crowdsourcing with all-pay auctions: A field experiment on Taskcn. Management Science, 60, 2020-2037. Long, N.V. & Vousden, N. (1987). Risk-averse rent seeking with shared rents. Economic Journal, 97, 971-985. Ludwig, S., & Lunser, G.K. (2012). Observing your competitor – The role of effort information in two-stage tournaments. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33, 166-182. Lugovskyy, V., Puzzello, D. & Tucker, S. (2010). An experimental investigation of overdissipation in the all pay auction. European Economic Review, 54, 974-997. Mago, S.D. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2014). Multi-battle contests: An experimental study. Economic Science Institute, Working Paper. Mago, S.D., Savikhin, A.C. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2014). Facing your opponents: Social identification and information feedback in contests. Journal of Conflict Resolution, forthcoming. Mago, S.D., Sheremeta, R.M. & Yates, A. (2013). Best-of-three contest experiments: Strategic versus psychological momentum. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 31, 287-296. Masiliunas, A., Mengel, F. Reiss, J.P. (2012). Behavioral variation in Tullock contests. Working Paper. Matros, A. & Armanios, D. (2009). Tullock contest with reimbursements. Public Choice, 141, 49-63. Maynard Smith, J. (1974). Theory of games and the evolution of animal contests. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 47, 209-221. McBride, M. & Skaperdas, S. (2014). Conflict, Settlement, and the Shadow of the Future," Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 105, 75-89. McDonald, J. & Tukey, J. (1949). Colonel Blotto: A problem of military strategy. Fortune, June. McKelvey, R. & Palfrey, T. (1995). Quantal response equilibria for normal form games. Games and Economic Behavior, 10, 6-38. Michelitch, K. (2009). Do quotas make gender and ethnic groups expend less effort in competition? Working Paper. Millner, E.L. & Pratt, M.D. (1989). An experimental investigation of efficient rent-seeking. Public Choice, 62, 139-151. Millner, E.L. & Pratt, M.D. (1991). Risk aversion and rent-seeking: An extension and some experimental evidence. Public Choice, 69, 81-92. Minor, D. (2012). Coarse thinking and competition. Working Paper. Moldovanu, B. & Sela, A. (2001). The optimal allocation of prizes in contests. American Economic Review, 91, 542-558. Moldovanu, B., Sela, A., & Shi, X. (2007). Contests for status. Journal of Political Economy, 115, 338-363. Montero, M., Possajennikov, A., Sefton, M. & Turocy, T.L. (2014). The value of votes in weighted voting games: Majoritarian contests with asymmetric battlefields. University of Nottingham, Working Paper. Morgan, J. & Sefton, M. (2000). Funding public goods with lotteries: experimental evidence. Review of Economic Studies, 67, 785-810. Morgan, J., Orzen, H. & Sefton, M. (2012). Endogenous entry in contests. Economic Theory, 51, 435-463. Müller, W. & Schotter, A. (2010). Workaholics and dropouts in organizations. Journal of the European Economic Association, 8, 717-743. Nagel, R. (1995). Unraveling in guessing games: An experimental study. American Economic Review, 85, 1313-1326. Nalbantian, H.R. & Schotter, A. (1997). Productivity under group incentives: An experimental study. American Economic Review, 87, 314-341. Nalebuff, B.J. & Stiglitz, J.E. (1983). Prizes and incentives: Towards a general theory of compensation and competition. Bell Journal of Economics, 14, 21-43. Niederle, M. & Vesterlund, L. (2007). Do women shy away from competition? Do men compete too much? Quarterly Journal of Economics, 122, 1067-1101. Niederle, M. & Vesterlund, L. (2011). Gender and competition. Annual Review of Economics, 3, 601-630. Niederle, M., Segal, C. & Vesterlund, L. (2013). How costly is diversity? Affirmative action in light of gender differences in competitiveness. 59, 1-16. Nieken, P. (2010). On the choice of risk and effort in tournaments-Experimental evidence. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 19, 3, 811-840. Noussair, C. & Silver, J. (2006). Behavior in all pay auctions with incomplete information. Games and Economic Behavior, 55, 189-206. Öncüler, A. & Croson, R. (2005). Rent-seeking for a risky rent - A model and experimental investigation. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 17, 403-429. Onderstal, S., Schram, A.J.H.C. & Soetevent, A.R. (2013). Bidding to give in the field. Journal of Public Economics, 105, 72-85. Ong, D. & Chen, Z. (2013). Tiger women: An all-pay auction experiment on gender signaling of desire to win. Working Paper. Oprea, R., Wilson, B.J. & Zillante, A. (2013). War of attrition: Evidence from a laboratory experiment on market exit. Economic Inquiry, 51, 2018–2027. Orrison, A., Schotter, A. & Weigelt, K. (2004). Multiperson tournaments: an experimental examination. Management Science, 50, 268-79. Orzen, H. (2008). Fundraising through competition: Evidence from the lab. CeDEx, Working paper. Otsubo, H. & Rapoport, A. (2008). Dynamic volunteer's dilemma in finite and discrete time: Theory and experimental evidence. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 52, 961-984. Parco J., Rapoport A. & Amaldoss W. (2005). Two-stage contests with budget constraints: An experimental study. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 49, 320-338. Phillips, O. & Mason, C. (1997). Wars of attrition in experimental duopoly markets. Southern Economic Journal, 63, 726 - 742. Potters, J.C., De Vries, C.G. & Van Winden, F. (1998). An experimental examination of rational rent seeking. European Journal of Political Economy, 14, 783-800. Prendergast, C. (1999). The provision of incentives in firms. Journal of Economic Literature, 37, 7-63. Price, C.R. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2011). Endowment effects in contests. Economics Letters, 111, 217-219. Price, C.R. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2014). Endowment origin, demographic effects and individual preferences in contests. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, forthcoming. Riley, J.G., & Samuelson, W.F. (1981). Optimal auctions. American Economic Review, 71, 381-392. Roberson, B. & Kvasov, D. (2012). The non-constant sum Colonel Blotto game. Economic Theory, 51, 397-433. Roberson, B. (2006). The Colonel Blotto game. Economic Theory, 29, 1-24. Rosen, S. (1986). Prizes and incentives in elimination tournaments. American Economic Review, 76, 701-715. Ryvkin, D. (2010). Contests with private costs: beyond two players. European Journal of Political Economy, 26, 558-567. Ryvkin, D. (2011). Fatigue in dynamic tournaments. Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 20, 1011-1041. Sacco, D. & Schmutzler, A. (2008). All-pay auctions with negative prize externalities: Theory and experimental evidence. Working Paper. Savikhin, A.C. & Sheremeta, R.M. (2013). Simultaneous decision-making in competitive and cooperative games. Economic Inquiry, 51, 1311-1323. Sbriglia, P. & Hey, J.D. (1994). Experiments in multi-stage R&D competition. Empirical Economics, 19, 291-316. Schelling, T. (1960). The strategy of conflict. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Schmitt, P., Shupp, R., Swope, K. & Cadigan, J. (2004). Multi-period rent-seeking contests with carryover: Theory and experimental evidence. Economics of Governance, 5, 187-211. Schotter, A. & Weigelt, K. (1992). Asymmetric tournaments, equal opportunity laws, and affirmative action: Some experimental results. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 511-539. Schram, A. & Onderstal, A.M. (2009). Bidding to give: an experimental comparison of auctions for charity. International Economic Review, 50, 431-457. Sheremeta, R.M. & Wu, S.Y. (2011). Optimal tournament design and incentive response: An experimental investigation of canonical tournament theory. Working Paper. Sheremeta, R.M. & Zhang, J. (2010). Can groups solve the problem of over-bidding in contests? Social Choice and Welfare, 35, 175-197. Sheremeta, R.M. (2010a). Expenditures and information disclosure in two-stage political contests. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 54, 771-798. Sheremeta, R.M. (2010b). Experimental comparison of multi-stage and one-stage contests. Games and Economic Behavior, 68, 731-747. Sheremeta, R.M. (2011a). Contest design: An experimental investigation. Economic Inquiry, 49, 573-590. Sheremeta, R.M. (2011b). Perfect-substitutes, best-shot, and weakest-link contests between groups. Korean Economic Review, 27, 5-32. Sheremeta, R.M. (2013). Overbidding and heterogeneous behavior in contest experiments. Journal of Economic Surveys, 27, 491-514. Sheremeta, R.M. (2015). Behavioral dimensions of contests. In Congleton, R.D., Hillman, A.L., (Eds.), Companion to political economy of rent seeking, London: Edward Elgar. Shogren, J.F. & Baik, K.H. (1992). Favorites and underdogs: Strategic behavior in an experimental contest. Public Choice, 74, 191-205. Shupp, R., Sheremeta, R. M., Schmidt, D., & Walker, J. (2013). Resource allocation contests: Experimental evidence. Journal of Economic Psychology, 39, 257-267. Silipo, D.B. (2005). The evolution of cooperation in patent races: Theory and experimental evidence. Journal of Economics, 85, 1-38. Sisak, D. (2009). Multiple-prize contests - The optimal allocation of prizes. Journal of Economic Surveys, 23, 82-114. Stahl, D. & Wilson, P. (1994). Experimental evidence on players' models of other players. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 25, 309-327. Stein, W. (2002). Asymmetric rent-seeking with more than two contestants. Public Choice, 113, 325-336. Stracke, R., Höchtl, W., Kerschbamer, R. & Sunde, U. (2014). Optimal prizes in dynamic elimination contests: An experimental analysis. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 102, 43-58. Sutter, M. & Strassmair, C. (2009). Communication, cooperation and collusion in team tournaments – An experimental study. Games and Economic Behavior, 66, 506-525. Szentes, B. & Rosenthal, R.W. (2003). Three-object two-bidder simultaneous auctions: chopsticks and tetrahedra. Games and Economic Behavior, 44, 114-133. Szymanski, S. & Valletti, T.M. (2005). Incentive effects of second prizes. European Journal of Political Economy, 21, 467-481. Szymanski, S. (2003). The economic design of sporting contests. Journal of Economic Literature, 41, 1137-1187. Taylor, C.R. (1995). Digging for golden carrots: An analysis of research tournaments. American Economic Review, 85, 872-90. Treich, N. (2010). Risk-aversion and prudence in rent-seeking games. Public Choice, 145, 339-349. Tullock, G. (1967). The welfare costs of tariffs, monopolies, and theft. Western Economic Journal, 5, 224-232. Tullock, G. (1980). Efficient rent seeking. In James M. Buchanan, Robert D. Tollison, Gordon Tullock, (Eds.), Toward a theory of the rent-seeking society. College Station, TX: Texas A&M University Press, pp. 97-112. Van Dijk, F., Sonnemans, J. & van Winden, F. (2001). Incentives systems in a real effort experiment. European Economic Review, 45, 187-214. Vandegrift, D., Yavas, A. & Brown, P. (2007). Incentive effects and overcrowding in tournaments: An experimental analysis. Experimental Economics, 10, 345-368. Vasilaky, K. (2011). Incentives for information exchange: Getting women to share in rural Uganda. Working Paper. Vogt, C., Weimann, J. & Yang, C.L. (2002). Efficient rent-seeking in experiment. Public Choice, 110, 67-78. Wärneryd, K. (2003). Information in conflicts. Journal of Economic Theory, 110, 121-136. Wasser, C. (2013). Incomplete information in rent-seeking contests. Economic Theory, 53, 239-268. Weigelt, K., Dukerich, J. & Schotter, A. (1989). Reactions to discrimination in an incentive pay compensation scheme: A game-theoretic approach. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 44, 26-44. Weimann, J., Yang, C.L. & Vogt, C. (2000). An experiment on sequential rent seeking. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 41, 405-426. Wu, S.Y. & Roe, B. (2005). Behavioral and welfare effects of tournaments and fixed performance contracts: Some experimental evidence. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 87, 130-146. Wu, S.Y., Roe, B. & Sporleder, T. (2006). Mixed tournaments, common shocks, and disincentives: An experimental study. Working Paper. Young, H.P. (1978) A Tactical Lobbying Game. In Game Theory and Political Science, Peter C. Ordeshook, ed. New York: New York University Press. pp. 391-404. Zizzo, D.J. (2002). Racing with uncertainty: A patent race experiment. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 20, 877-902. |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/59714 |