Transitions into Stable Employment: The Effect of Relative Group Size for the Immigrant Second Generation in France

Winkler, Oliver (2014): Transitions into Stable Employment: The Effect of Relative Group Size for the Immigrant Second Generation in France. Published in: Der Hallesche Graureiher , Vol. 3, No. 2014 : pp. 3-29.

Abstract

Stable employment seems to be difficult to access for descendants of immigrants in contemporary France. This article discusses relative group size of ethnic communities as a possible explanation. Using data by Enquête Génération 98+7, I find empirical evidence that higher ethnic concentrations of North Africans, Southern Europeans and Asians increase the transition rates of non-immigrants. Particularly high concentrations of North Africans and Asians decrease transition rates in stable jobs for co-ethnics and highly educated North Afri-cans in the private sector

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: second generation immigrants, early career, stable employment, relative group size, France
• Subjects: I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I2 - Education and Research Institutions; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J1 - Demographic Economics > J15 - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants ; Non-labor Discrimination; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor > J24 - Human Capital ; Skills ; Occupational Choice ; Labor Productivity; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J4 - Particular Labor Markets > J41 - Labor Contracts

References

Belzil C and Poinas F. (2010) Education and early career outcomes of second-generation immigrants in France. Labour Economics 17: 101-110.

Bergmann BR. (1974) Occupational Segregation, Wages and Profits When Employers Discriminate by Race or Sex. Eastern Economic Journal 1: 103-110

Blalock H. (1967) Toward a theory of minority-group relations: Wiley.

Blau PM. (1994) Structural Contexts of Opportunities, Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press.

Blossfeld H-P, Buchholz S, Bukodi E, et al. (2008) Young Workers, Globalization and the Labor Market. Comparing Early Working Life in Eleven Countries, Cheltenham, UK/Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.

Blossfeld H-P, Rohwer G and Golsch K. (2007) Event History Analysis with Stata, London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Breton R. (1964) Institutional Completeness of Ethnic Communities and the Personal Relations of Immigrants. American Journal of Sociology 70: 193-205.

Cohen P. ( 1998) Black Concentration Effects on Black-White and Gender Inequality: Multilevel Analysis for U.S. Metropolitan Areas. Social Forces 77: 193-205.

Crul M and Vermeulen H. (2003) The second generation in Europe. International migration review 37: 965-986.

Doeringer PB and Piore MJ. (1971) Internal Labor Markets and Manpower Analysis, Lexington: D.C. Heath and Company

Duget E. (2009) Sortir du chômage en Île-de-France. Revue économique 60: 979-1010.

Esser H. (1999) Soziologie – Spezielle Grundlagen. Band 1: Situationslogik und Handeln, Frankfurt/Main: Campus.

Esser H. (2008) Assimilation, ethnische Schichtung oder selektive Akkulturation? Neuere Theorien der Eingliederung von Migranten und das Modell der intergenerationalen Integration. KOLNER ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIOLOGIE UND SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE Sonderheft 48: 81-107.

Frickey A, Murdoch J and Primon J-L. (2004) Les débuts dans la vie active des jeunes issus de l'immigration après des études supérieures. NEF-Notes Emploi Formation 9.

Frickey A and Primon J-L. (2002) Jeunes issus de l'immigration: les diplômes de l'enseignement supériur ne garantissent pas un égal accès au marché du travail. Formation/Emploi 79: 31-49.

Frickey A and Primon J-L. (2004) L'insertion professionnelle après des études supérieures des jeunes femmes issues des familles d'imigrés des pays du Maghreb: une inégalité redoublée? : ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.

Galtier B and Gautié J. (2002) Flexibility, stability and the interaction between employment protection and labour market policies in France. Employment stability in an age of flexibility, Genève, ILO.

Givord P. (2005) Formes particulières d’emploi et insertion des jeunes. Économie et statistique 388-389: 129-143.

Gobillon L and Selod H. (2007) The effects of segregation and spatial mismatch on unemployment: evidence from France. Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquee, INRA.

Goux D, Maurin E and Pauchet M. (2001) Fixed-term contracts and the dynamics of labour demand. European Economic Review 45: 533-552. Granato N. (2009) Effekte der Gruppengröße auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migranten. KOLNER ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SOZIOLOGIE UND SOZIALPSYCHOLOGIE 61: 387-409.

Grönqvist H. (2006) Ethnic Enclaves and the Attainments of Immigrant Children. European Sociological Review 22: 369-382.

Hargreaves AG. (1995) Immigration, Race and Ethnicity in Contemporary France, London, New York: Routledge.

Hodge RW. (1973) Toward A Theory of Racial Differences in Employment. Social Forces 52: 16-31.

INSEE. (1994) Les Etrangers en France, Contours et caractères, Paris: INSEE.

INSEE. (2005) Les immigrés en France - Édition 2005, Paris: INSEE.

Kaplan DH and Li W. (2006) Introduction: The Places of Ethnic Economies. In: Kaplan DH and Li W (eds) Landscapes of the Ethnic Economy. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1-14.

Kogan I and Kalter F. (2006) The Effects of Relative Group Size on Occupational Outcomes: Turks and Ex-Yugoslavs in Austria. European Sociological Review 22: 35-48.

Lainé F and Okba M. (2005) L’insertion des jeunes issus de l’immigration: de l’école au métier. Céreq.

Lee JC. (2013) Employment and Earnings in High-Tech Ethnic Niches. Social Forces 91: 747-784.

Lewin-Epstein N and Semyonov M. (1994) Sheltered labor markets, public sector employment, and socioeconomic returns to education of Arabs in Israel. American Journal of Sociology: 622-651.

Lieberson S. (1980) A Piece of the Pie. Blacks and White Immigrants Since 1880, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. Light IH and Bonacich E. (1988) Immigrant entrepreneurs: University of California Press.

Lollivier S. (2000) Récurrence du chômage dans l’insertion des jeunes: des trajectoires hétérogènes. Économie et statistique 334.

Lopez A. (2004) Les modes de stabilisation en emploi en début de vie active. Économie et statistique 378-379.

Meurs D, Pailhé A and Simon P. (2006) Persistance des inégalités entre générations liées à l’immigration : l’accès à l’emploi des immigrés et de leurs descendants en France. Populations 61.

OECD. (2008) Jobs for Immigrants: Labour Market Integration in Belgium, France, the Netherlands and Portugal.

OECD. (2009) Jobs for Youth/Des emplois pour les jeunes: FRANCE.

Portes A. (1981) Modes of structural incorporation and present theories of labor immigration. Global trends in migration: Theory and research on international population movements: 279-297.

Portes A and Jensen L. (1987) What’s an ethnic enclave? The case for conceptual clarity. American Sociological Review 52: 768-771.

Portes A and Zhou M. (1993) The New 2nd-Generation - Segmented Assimilation And Its Variants. Annals Of The American Academy Of Political And Social Science 530: 74-96.

Sanders JM and Nee V. (1987) LIMITS OF ETHNIC SOLIDARITY IN THE ENCLAVE ECONOMY. American Sociological Review 52: 745-767.

Silberman R and Fournier I. (2008) Second generations on the job market in France: A persistent ethnic penalty - A contribution to segmented assimilation theory. Revue Francaise De Sociologie 49: 45-94.

Stevans L. (1998) Assessing the effect of the occupational crowding of immigrants on the real wages of African American workers. The Review of Black Political Economy 26: 37-46.

Thurow LC. (1975) Generating Inequality. Mechanisms of Distribution in the U.S. Economy. In: Hoffmann R and Lapeyre J (eds). New York: Basic Books. Tigges LM and Tootle DM. (1993) Underemployment and Racial Competition in Local Labor Markets. The Sociological Quarterly 34: 279-298.

Tolnay SE. (2001) African Americans and immigrants in northern cities: The effects of relative group size on occupational standing in 1920. Social Forces 80: 573-604.

Tribalat M. (1993) Les concentrations ethnique en France. INSEE. van Tubergen F, Maas I and Flap H. (2004) The Economic Incorporation of Immigrants in 18 Western Societies: Origin, Destination, and Community Effects. American Sociological Review 69: 704-727.

Wiley NF. (1967) The ethnic mobility trap and stratification theory. Social Problems 15: 147-159.

Wilson KL and Portes A. (1980) Immigrant enclaves: An analysis of the labour market experiences of Cubans in Miami. American Journal of Sociology 86: 295-319.

Zhou M. (2004) Revisiting Ethnic Entrepreneurship: Convergencies, Controversies, and Conceptual Advancements. International migration review 38: 1040-1074.