A Comparative Study of Women in Formal and Informal Businesses in Jigjiga City, Ethiopia : Characteristics, Linkage, Challenges and Way forwards

Demiessie, Habtamu (2020): A Comparative Study of Women in Formal and Informal Businesses in Jigjiga City, Ethiopia : Characteristics, Linkage, Challenges and Way forwards.

Abstract

Abstract This study is aimed at making inferences on the general picture of businesses in the Somali Region, with a focus on women operated business units both in the formal and informal sectors of the economy. The sample population of the study involves two categories of respondents: women in the formal sector and Business women in the informal sector. The study heavily relied on primary data sources as source of information. Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered through structured questionnaires and focus group discussions (FGDs). Field observation also takes an important source of information. The study employs a mix of quantitative and qualitative techniques of inferences. The quantitative analysis involves descriptive and econometrics tools. The study found out that lack of alternative employment opportunities and low income in the formal employment as major reasons driving women into the informal businesses. Cumbersome business registration requirements and tax administrations in formal sector arrangement are also another reason that found discouraging formal sector engagements which rather incentivize to work underground. Moreover, the study concluded migrant labor major players in the informal businesses in Jigjiga City. More importantly, the study found out that informal businesses complement businesses in formal businesses. The linkages between the informal and formal sector were identified as source of raw materials, labor, information and capital. The study further concluded that social capital an important component of the economic environment, having facilitating role in business activities both in the formal and informal settings. The findings of the study suggests for legal and institutional reforms which facilitate the way informal and formal businesses can function together. Informal sector development interventions should also align migration and urban development issues central parts of their undertakings. As the study concluded social capital for having vital role in the business undertakings, policy regimes aimed at business development have to capitalize on the stock of social capital.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Informal-formal Linkage, Women, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
• Subjects: H - Public Economics > H0 - General; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J6 - Mobility, Unemployment, Vacancies, and Immigrant Workers

References

Canare, T., Francisco, J.P., Price, N.A.(2017). An Empirical Analysis of SME and Large Business Linkages: Evidence from the Philippines, Asian Institute of Management, Rizalino S. Navarro Policy Center for Competitiveness. Working Paper 17-007.https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3079455

Central Statistical Agency (2018). Key Findings on the 2018 Urban Employment Unemployment Survey: Comparative Analysis To 2012 And 2014-2016 Survey Results,, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Demiessie, Habtamu G. and Regasa, Wubeshte G. (2016), An Inquiry into the Nature, Causes and Effects of Contraband: Case of Ethio Somaliland Border Corridor, International Affairs and Global Strategy, ISSN 2224-574X (Paper) ISSN 2224-8951 (Online), Vol.45

Demiessie, Habtamu G. (2016), How A philosophy of Simple Life Style Determines the Socio-economic Well-being of People, Journal of Developing countries Studies (JDCS), International Peer Reviewed Journals and Book Publishing (IPRJBP)

Demiessie, Habtamu G. (2019). The Fabrics of Eastern Ethiopian Communities: Involuntary Simplicity, Individualism and Wellbeing, Scholars` Press, Germany

Kate Meagher, Unlocking the Informal Economy: A Literature Review on Linkages Between Formal and Informal Economies in Developing Countries, ISBN number: ISBN 978-92-95095-56-4, Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing (WIEGO)x Page5)

Lee, S. & Persson, P. (2016). Financing from family and friends. Review of Financial Studies, 29(9), 2341- 2386.https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhw031

Mai Ahmed Abdelzaher (2019).Comparative Study between Informal and Formal Finance: A Literature Review, Sciedu Press, ISSN 1927-5986 E-ISSN 1927-5994, Vol. 8, No. 4; 2019

Schreiner, M. (2000). Informal finance and design of microfinance. Development in Practice, 11(5), 637– 640.http://www.microfinance.com