ANALISIS PENGARUH IMBAL HASIL DAN SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP TABUNGAN (SAVING DEPOSITS) BANK SYARI’AH DAN BANK KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA

Nizar, Muhammad Afdi (2007): ANALISIS PENGARUH IMBAL HASIL DAN SUKU BUNGA TERHADAP TABUNGAN (SAVING DEPOSITS) BANK SYARI’AH DAN BANK KONVENSIONAL DI INDONESIA. Published in: Kajian Ekonomi dan Keuangan , Vol. 11, No. 2 (June 2007): pp. 112-131.

Abstract

Keberadaan perbankan syariah yang beroperasi secara paralel dengan perbankan konvensional telah memberikan warna tersendiri terhadap perkembangan industri perbankan di dalam negeri. Berbagai produk dan jasa keuangan yang ditawarkan perbankan syariah dengan karakteristik yang berbeda dari perbankan konvensional, telah membuka peluang yang lebih besar bagi masyarakat untuk menetapkan pilihan simpanan (tabungan) dan investasi dalam portfolio mereka. Kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa produk-produk dan jasa keuangan yang ditawarkan perbankan syariah semakin diminati oleh masyarakat, termasuk tabungan mudharabah. Hal ini tercermin pada perkembangan jumlah tabungan bank syariah yang terus menunjukkan peningkatan dari waktu ke wakti. Uniknya, peningkatan tabungan ini terjadi dalam kondisi dimana imbal hasil yang ditawarkan menunjukkan kecenderungan menurun. Studi ini mencoba mengkaji pengaruh suku bunga tabungan bank konvensional dan imbal hasil tabungan mudharabah terhadap jumlah tabungan (saving deposits) bank syari’ah. Selain itu, sebagai perbandingan juga akan dianalisa pengaruh kedua variabel tersebut terhadap jumlah tabungan bank konvensional. Berdasarkan analisa yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa imbal hasil yang ditawarkan bank syariah bukan lagi merupakan faktor dominan yang memengaruhi perilaku menabung masyarakat. Penempatan dana tabungan pada bank syariah bagi sebagian masyarakat Muslim lebih dipengaruhi oleh faktor religius-emosional (halalharamnya

bunga). Bagi nasabah yang nonreligius-rasional, tabungan bank syariah merupakan substitusi untuk tabungan bank konvensional. Sementara itu, pengujian terhadap fatwa MUI tentang keharaman bunga, terbukti memengaruhi perilaku menabung masyarakat, terutama nasabah Muslim yang religius. Dengan merujuk pada hasil studi ini, kalangan perbankan syariah tidak cukup hanya mengandalkan pada pendekatan religius-emosional (halal-haram) untuk mendorong minat menabung masyarakat. Pendekatan yang memperhatikan aspek profesionalisme harus lebih ditonjolkan tanpa mengabaikan aspek syari’ah compliance.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• English Title: EFFECT OF RETURN AND INTEREST RATES ON SAVING DEPOSITS SYARI'AH AND CONVENTIONAL BANKS IN INDONESIA
• Language: Indonesian
• Keywords: profit-loss sharing, financing to deposit ratio, loan to deposit ratio, saving deposits, imbal hasil, suku bunga, tabungan mudharabah.
• Subjects: E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics > E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy > E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth; E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics > E4 - Money and Interest Rates > E43 - Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects; G - Financial Economics > G2 - Financial Institutions and Services > G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages; G - Financial Economics > G2 - Financial Institutions and Services > G28 - Government Policy and Regulation

References

Ahmed, Mahmood., (2004), “Islamic versus Traditional banking in Arab Region: Premises and Promises”, Paper Submitted to the International Seminar on "The Prospect of Arab Economic Cooperation", June 16-18, Alexandria, Egypt. Ahmed, Mahmood., (2007), “The Attitude of Bank Customers and Professional Bankers towards Islamic and Conventional Banks in Bangladesh” in Ali, Salman Syed. and Ahmad, Ausaf., (Eds.) “Islamic Banking and Finance: Fundamentals and Contemporary Issues”, Conference Proceedings Number 47, Islamic Research & Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah Ali, Salman Syed. and Ahmad, Ausaf., (2007, Eds.) “Islamic Banking and Finance: Fundamentals and Contemporary Issues”, Conference Proceedings Number 47, Islamic Research & Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah. Ariff, Mohamed., (1988), “Islamic Banking”, Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, Vol. 2, No. 2 (September 1988), pp. 46-62. Asteriou, Dimitrios. and Hali, Stephen H., (2007), “Applied Econometrics” Palgrave Macmillan, New York, USA. Bank Indonesia, (2001), ”Potensi, Preferensi dan Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap Bank Syariah di Jawa Barat”, Jakarta. Bank Indonesia, (2001), ”Potensi, Preferensi dan Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap Bank Syariah di Sumatera Barat”, Jakarta. Bank Indonesia, (2004), “Potensi, Preferensi dan Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap Bank Syariah di Wilayah Kalimantan Selatan”, Hasil Penelitian Kerjasama Direktorat Perbankan Syariah - Bank Indonesia dengan Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jakarta. Bank Indonesia, (2006), “Identifikasi Faktor Penentu Keputusan Konsumen dalam Memilih Jasa Perbankan: Bank Syariah vs Bank Konvensional”, kerjasama antara Bank Indonesia dan Center for Banking Research (CBR) - Universitas Andalas. Bank Indonesia, (berbagai tahun), ”Laporan Perkembangan Perbankan Syariah”, Jakarta. Bank Indonesia, (berbagai tahun), ”Statistik Perbankan Indonesia”, Jakarta. Bank Indonesia, (berbagai tahun), ”Statistik Perbankan Syariah”, Jakarta. Chachi, Abdelkader., (2005), “Origin and Development of Commercial and Islamic Banking Operations”, Journal of King Abdul Aziz University : Islamic Economics, Volume 18, Number 2, pp. 3-25. Chapra, Mohammad Umar., (2001), “What is Islamic Economics?”, IDB Prize Winners' Lecture Series No. 9, Second Edition, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, El-Ghazali, Abdel Hamid., (1994), “Profit versus Bank Interest in Economic Analysis and Islamic Law”, Islamic Economics Translation Series No. 2, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, Jeddah. Haron, Sudin., (1998), “A Comparative Study of Islamic Banking Practices”, Journal of King Abdul Aziz University : Islamic Economics, Volume 10, pp. 23-50. Haron, Sudin. and Ahmad, Norafifah., (2000), “The Effects of Conventional Interest Rates and Rate of Profit on Funds Deposited With Islamic Banking System In Malaysia”, International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, Volume 1, Number 4, January-March, Malaysia. Haron, Sudin. and Wan Azmi, Wan Nursofiza., (2005), “Determinants Of Islamic And Conventional Deposits In The Malaysian Banking System”, paper was presented at the 12th Annual Global Finance Conference, Dublin, Ireland from 26-29 June 2005.and has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Managerial Finance 2007. Haron, Sudin. and Wan Azmi, Wan Nursofiza., (2006), “Measuring Depositors’ Behaviour of Malaysian Islamic Banking System: A Co-integration Approach”, (http://islamiccenter.kaau.edu.sa) Hasan, Zubair., (1985), “Fahim Khan : Macro Consumption Function in an Islamic Framework –Comments”, Journal of Research in Islamic Economics, Jeddah Vol. 2, No. 2, Winter, pp.79-81. Hasan, Zubair., (2005), “Treatment of Consumption in Islamic Economics: An Appraisal”, Journal of King Abdul Aziz University : Islamic Economics, Volume 18, Number 2, pp. 29-46. Hasan, Zubair., (2005), “Article Review on Performance of Interest-Free Islamic Banks vis-a-vis Interest-Based Conventional Banks of Bahrain by Abdus Samad”, International Islamic University Malaysia, IIUM Journal of Economics and Management 13, no. 2 (2005): 209-16 Iqbal, Munawar., Ahmad, Ausaf., and Khan, Tariqullah., (1998), “Challenges Facing Islamic Banking”, Occasional Paper – No. 1, Islamic Development Bank, Islamic Research and Training Institute, Jeddah. Kader, Janbota Meiram., Asarpota, Anju Kishore., and Al-Maghaireh, Aktham., (tt), “Comparative Financial Performance of Islamic Banks vis-à-vis Conventional Banks in the UAE”, Chancellor’s Undergraduate Research Award (CURA), The First Annual Student Research Symposium. Kaleem, Ahmad and Isa, Mansor Md.,(2003), “Causal Relationship Between Islamic and Conventional Banking Instruments in Malaysia”, International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, Volume 4, Number 4, January- March, Malaysia. Karim, Zulkefly Abdul., Mokhtar, Aminudin., dan Zaidi, Mohd Azlan Shah., (2004), “Hubungan antara Kadar Pulangan Nominal dengan Permintaan Deposit Sistem Perbankan Islam di Malaysia”, Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Vol 38, pp. 3- 27. Khan, M. Fahim., (1984), “Macro Consumption Function in an Islamic Framework”, Journal of Research in Islamic Economics, Jeddah, Volume 1, Number. 2, pp. 3-25 Khan, Waqar Masood., (1989), “Towards an Interest-Free Islamic Economic System”, Journal of King Abdul Aziz University : Islamic Economics, Volume 1, pp. 3-38. Lin, Jolene., (2006), “Review of Islamic Banking and Finance in South-East Asia : Its Development and Future”, Asian Journal of Comparative Law, Volume 1, Issue 1, Article 2. Makiyan, Seyed-Nezamaddin, (2001), “The Role of Rate of Return on Loans in the Islamic Banking System of Iran”, International Journal of Islamic Financial Services, Volume 3, Number 3, October-December, Malaysia. Metwally, M.M. (1997), “Differences Between the Financial Characteristics of Interest-Free Banks and Conventional Banks” European Business Review, Volume 97, Number 2, pp. 92-98. Nomani, Farhad., (2003), “The Problem of Interest and Islamic Banking in a Comparative Perspective: The Case of Egypt, Iran and Pakistan”, Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, Volume 1, Issue 1, Article 4, pp. 37–70. Saleem, Shahid., (2007), “Role of Islamic Banks in Economic Development”, Munich Personal RePEc Archive, Paper No. 7332, (http://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/7332/)

Samad, Abdus., (2004), “Performance of Interest-Free Islamic Banks vis-a-vis Interest-Based Conventional Banks of Bahrain”, International Islamic University Malaysia, IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, Volume 12, Number 2. Siddiqi, Muhammad Nejatullah., (2005), “Teaching Islamic Economics”, Islamic Economics Research Centre, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Solé, Juan., (2007), “Introducing Islamic Banks into Conventional Banking Systems”, IMF Working Paper, Number 07/175, July, Monetary and Capital Markets Department, International Monetary Fund, Washington DC. Snowdon, Brian. and Vane, Howard R., (2005), “Modern Macroeconomics : Its Origins, Development and Current State”, Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., Massachusetts, USA.