Enabling and Sustaining Collaborative Innovation

Blecker, Thorsten and Abdelkafi, Nizar and Raasch, Christina (2008): Enabling and Sustaining Collaborative Innovation. Published in: Working Paper, Institute for Technology and Innovation Management , Vol. No. 52, (2008)

Abstract

This paper extends the principles of open source software development to a non-industry-specific level by introducing the Open Source Innovation (OSI) model. OSI exhibits main differences to other related models and concepts such as the private-collective model, commons-based peer production, R&D networks and is therefore an innovation model in its own right. In order for OSI projects to be successful, numerous factors need to be fulfilled. We make the distinction between four categories of factors: economic, technical, legal, and social. In each category, we differentiate between enabling and sustaining factors. The enabling factors must be met at the beginning of the project, whereas the sustaining factors must be satisfied as the project progresses.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: OSI, open source innovation, R&D
• Subjects: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights > O32 - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D; L - Industrial Organization > L1 - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance > L17 - Open Source Products and Markets; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O3 - Innovation ; Research and Development ; Technological Change ; Intellectual Property Rights > O31 - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

References

Allen, R. C., (1983): Collective invention, Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 24.

Anderson, P. (2007): What is Web 2.0? - Ideas, technologies and implications for eduction. JISC Technologies and Standards Watch.

Baldwin, C. Y., Clark, K. B., (2003): The architecture of cooperation: how code architecture mitigates free riding in the open source development model, Harvard Business School.

Baldwin, C. Y., Clark, K. B., (2006): The architecture of participation: Does code architecture mitigate free riding in the open source development model?, Management Science, Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 1116-1127.

Benkler, Y., (2006): The wealth of networks - How social production transforms markets and freedom. New Haven, CT, Yale University Press.

Benussi, L., (2006): The evolution of free/libre open source software, URL: http://opensource.mit.edu/papers/Benussi(2006)_The_evolution_of_FLOSS_1.pdf, [Retrieval: 29.02.2008].

Bessen, J., (2005): Open source software: Free provision of complex public goods, Boston University School of Law and Research on Innovation, URL: http://www.researchoninnovation.org/ opensrc.pdf, [Retrieval: 29.02.2008].

BiOS, (2008), URL: htttp://www.bios.net, [Retrieval: 29.02.2008].

Bonaccorsi, A., Rossi, C., (2003): Why Open Source software can succeed, Research Policy, Vol. 32 , No. 7, pp. 1243-1258.

Comino, S., Manenti, F. M., Parisi, M. L., (2007): From planning to mature: On the success of open source projects, Research Policy, Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 1575.

Constantine, L., (2007): The Open Source solution - Why not use a communal approach to fix software?, Technology Review (1 Jan).

Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., (2000): The "what" and "why" of of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behaviour, Psychological Inquiry, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 227-268.

Ekeh, P. P., (1974): "Social exchange theory: The two traditions," Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Franck, E., Jungwirth, C., (2003): Reconciling rent.seekers and donators - The governance structure of open source, Journal of Management and Governance, Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 401-422.

Franke, N., Shah, S., (2003): How communities support innovative activities: an exploration of assistance and sharing among end-users, Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 157-178.

Frey, B. S., Meier, S., (2004): Pro-social behaviour in a natural setting, Journal of Economic Behaviour and Organization, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 65-88.

Hertel, G., Niedner, S., Herrmann, S., (2003): Motivation of software developers in Open-Source projects: an internet-based survey of contributors of the Linux kernel, Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 1159-1178.

Janzik, L., (2007): User generated innovation: Anwenderinnovationen in Online-Communities. Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg.

Johnson, J. P., (2006): Collaboration, peer review and open source software, Information Economics and Policy, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 477-497.

Kogut, B., Metiu, A., (2001): Open-source software development and distributed innovation, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 248-264.

Kollock, P., (1998): Social dilemma: The anatomy of cooperation, Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 24, pp. 183-214.

Lakhani, K. R., von Hippel, E., (2003): How open source software works: "free" user-to-user assistance, Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 923-943. Lakhani, K. R., Wolf, B., (2002): The Boston Consulting Group - Hacker Survey.

LeMay, R., (2006): OpenSolaris one year on: Sucess or failure?, URL: www.builderau.com.au/news/soa/OpenSolaris_one_year_on_Success_or_failure_/0,339028227,339257702,00.htm, [Retrieval: 29.02.2008].

Lerner, J., Tirole, J., (2004): "The economics of technology sharing: Open Source and Beyond," NBER, Cambridge, MA.

Lettl, C., Herstatt, C., Georg, G. H., (2006): Users' contributions to radical innovation: evidence from four cases in the field of medical equipment technology, R&D Management, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 251-271.

Liang, L., (2004): Guide to open content licenses, Piet Zwart Institute. Ligeti Stratos, (2008): World's first open source aircraft, URL: http://www.ligetistratos.com/, [Retrieval: 29.02.2008].

Linux, (2008), URL: http://counter.li.org/, [Retrieval: 29.02.2008].

Markus, M. L., Manville, B., Agres, C. E., (2000): Innovation-Technology - What makes a virtual organization work?, Sloan Management Review, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 13-26.

Maurer, S. M., Scotchmer, S., (2006): Open Source Software: The new intellecutal property paradigm. NBER, Cambridge, MA.

Meyer, P. B., (2003): Episodes of collective invention. BLS Working Papers. Washington, D. C.

Miotti, L., Sachwald, F., (2003): Co-operative R&D: Why and with whom? An integrated framework of analysis, Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 8, pp. 1481-1499.

Osterloh, M., Rota, S., (2007): Open source software development- Just another case of collective invention ?, Research Policy, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 157-171.

Pearce, M., Ferguson, V., (2006): A change of scenery - Open Source licensing and its application to the biotech industry, Patent World (178).

Raymond, E., (2001): "The Cathedral & the Bazar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary," O'Reilly, Beijing et al.

Shah, S. K., (2005): Open beyond software. Open Sources 2. Cooper, D., DiBona, C. and Stone, M. Sebastopol, CA, O'Reilly Media.

Shah, S. K., (2006): Motivation, governance, and the viability of hybrid forms in open source software development, Management Science, Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 1000-1014.

Shirky, C., (2007): In defense of 'ready, fire, aim', http://users.rcn.com/aseitchik/readyfireaim.htm, [Retrieval: 29.02.2008].

Tuomi, I., (2002): "Networks of innovation: Change and meaning in the age of the Internet," Oxford University Press, Oxford.

von Hippel, E., (2003): Open source software and the "private-collective" innovation model: Issues for organization science, Organization Science, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 208-223.

von Hippel, E., (2005): Democratizing Innovation, The MIT Press, Cambridge, London.

von Hippel, E., von Krogh, G., (2006): Free revealing and the private-collective model for innovation incentives, R&D Management, Vol. 36, pp. 295-306.

von Krogh, G., Spaeth, S., Lakhani, K. R., (2003): Community, joining, and specialization in open source software innovation: a case study, Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 1217-1241.

von Krogh, G., von Hippel, E., (2003): Special issue on open source software development, Research Policy, Vol. 32, No. 7, pp. 1149-1157.

von Krogh, G., von Hippel, E., (2006): The promise of research on open source software, Management Science, Vol. 52, No. 7, pp. 975-983.

Weber, S., (2004): "The Success of Open Source," Harvard University Press, Cambridge, London. Wellman, B., Boase, J.,

Chen, W., (2002): The networked nature of community on and off the Internet, Centre for Urban & Community Studies, University of Toronto.

Willis, N., (2007): Lessons learnt from open source Xara's failure, URL: http://www.linux.com/feature/119790, [Retrieval: 29.02.2008].