User charges for Municipal Infrastructure in Western Canada

Tedds, Lindsay M. (2017): User charges for Municipal Infrastructure in Western Canada. Published in: Enid Slack and Richard Bird (Eds.). Financing Municipal Infrastructure: Who Should Pay? (McGill-Queen’s University Press, Toronto, ON)

Abstract

There has been an increasing reliance on the user-pay model to fund municipal infrastructure in Canada. User fees as a source of own-source municipal revenue have more than tripled since 1965 (Tindal et al. 2012, p. 262). However, the application of the user-pay model is constrained by two important factors. First, user charges have very specific legal constraints on them that may be at odds with the nature of the specific infrastructure for which funds are being sought. Second, municipal government is known as the “the most varied form of government in Canada” (Treff and Ort 2013, p. 1:3) which makes it difficult to not only make comparisons of the use of user charges both within and across jurisdictions, but also to make sweeping conclusion about the best way for all municipalities to fund their infrastructure priorities.

These characteristics and constraints mix together to provide a complicated landscape within which municipal infrastructure needs can be and are financed and leads to diverse approaches to financing municipal infrastructure in Canada. In addition, it explains why many municipalities may not adhere to the best practices as outlined in the literature. This paper examines some of the general considerations regarding the constraints on user charges along with specific contextual environments regarding the municipal user charges in Western Canada. The paper begins by setting out the constraints that user charges must meet regardless of jurisdiction and then considers the specific jurisdictional constraints in two Western provinces. The discussion focuses on Alberta and British Columbia as these two provinces, despite being neighbours, have very different environments within with municipalities operate leading to different reliance on and uses of user charges. The paper concludes by discussing some of the comparative complications that arise.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: User levies, User fees, Regulatory Charges, Municipal Revenue, Municipal Infrastructure
• Subjects: H - Public Economics > H2 - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue > H27 - Other Sources of Revenue; H - Public Economics > H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations > H71 - State and Local Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue; H - Public Economics > H7 - State and Local Government ; Intergovernmental Relations > H72 - State and Local Budget and Expenditures

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