Pre-Feasibility Study of Sarawak-West Kalimantan Cross-Border Value Chains

Lord, Montague and Chang, Susan (2019): Pre-Feasibility Study of Sarawak-West Kalimantan Cross-Border Value Chains. Published in:

Abstract

This pre-feasibility study on Sarawak-West Kalimantan cross-border value chains covers six topics: (1) It analyzes existing trade patterns and competitive advantages of Sarawak and West Kalimantan, as well as government objectives in promoting cross-border commercial activities. (2) It proposes a border economic area spread over a wide geographic area that covers a network of interrelated activities and provides a fully integrated approach to the border economic area design and implementation. (3) It identifies potential cross-border value chains that can serve as high-profile projects for the border economic area. (4) It determines the preference orderings of project features by key stakeholders such as government and development partners, commercial entities, and the local population. (5) It estimates the net monetary returns for the project portfolio, a cost-effectiveness analysis of the stand-alone capacity-building projects, ranks stakeholders’ non-monetary preferences, and incorporates the the preference ranking order into the project portfolio’s net monetary returns. (6) It provides an overall program appraisal for the set of projects, and, based on pre-feasibility results, it lays out a plan for implementation of the border area development program.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Global value chains; Sarawak; West Kalimantan; border areas; cross-border value chains; minimizing distance
• Subjects: F - International Economics > F1 - Trade; F - International Economics > F1 - Trade > F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade; L - Industrial Organization > L6 - Industry Studies: Manufacturing; L - Industrial Organization > L8 - Industry Studies: Services

References

Abdullah, A., “The Economic and Environmental Analysis of Palm Oil Expansion in Indonesia: Export Demand Approach and EIRSAM Model.” Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Development, Graduate School of International Development, Nagoya University, March 2012.

African Development, “Developing Economic Corridors in Africa: Rationale for the Participation of the African Development Bank”. Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, 2013.

Aidenvironment Climate Advisers Profundo, “Indonesia’s Palm Oil Landbank Expansion Limited by proposed Moratorium and NDPE Policies”. Washington, DC, 13 February 2017.

ASEAN Secretariat, “ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2016-2025”. Jakarta, 2017

Asian Development Bank (2010), “Strategy and Action Plan for Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor”. Manila. Available: http://www.adb.org/publications/strategy-and-action-plan-greater-mekong-subregion-east-west-economic-corridor.

Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), “Education in Indonesia: Rising to the Challenge”. Paris, OECD Publishing, 2015.

Asian Development Bank (ADB), Consultation Mission for the Proposed Kalabakan – Serudong Road in Tawau, Malaysia on 21-23 November 2016 – Back-to-Office Report. Manila, 14 December 2016.

Asian Development Bank (ADB), ‘Guangxi Nanning Vocational Education Development Project’. Manila, November 2013.

Asian Development Bank (ADB), “BIMP-EAGA’s Economic Corridors Business Perceptions about the Investment Climate.” Manila, April 2017; and ADB, “BIMP-EAGA Investment Opportunities in Corridor Value Chains.” Manila, April 2017.

Asian Development Bank (ADB), “Indonesia’s New Border Economic Area Program.” Manila, 22 March 2017.

Asian Development Bank (ADB), “Pre-Feasibility Study of Sabah-North Kalimantan Cross-Border Value Chains”. Manila, June 2018.

Asian Development Bank (ADB), “Proposed Loan and Administration of Loan and Grant Republic of Indonesia: West Kalimantan Power Grid Strengthening Project”. Manila, Project Number: 41074, August 2013.

Asian Development Bank (ADB), “Tourism Sector in the Greater Mekong Subregion”. Manila, ADB Evaluation Study. Reference Number: SAP: REG 2008-58. Sector Assistance Program Evaluation. December 2008.

Asian Development Bank, “Efficiency Improvement and Connectivity Strengthening in Archipelagic Southeast Asia Project”. Manila, RETA 6441 Cofinanced by the Regional Cooperation and Integration Fund under the Regional Cooperation and Integration Financing Partnership Facility, 2017.

Asian Development Bank, “Guidelines for the economic analysis of projects.) Mandaluyong City, Philippines, 2017. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/TIM178607-2.

Asian Development Bank, “Indonesia’s New Border Economic Area Program”. 22 March 2017.

Asian Development Bank, “Pre-Feasibility Study Of Sabah-North Kalimantan Cross-Border Value Chains”. Manila, 2018. Online: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Montague_Lord/publication/322369209/inline/jsViewer/5a5662dfa6fdcc30f86d5331?inViewer=1&pdfJsDownload=1&origin=publication_detail&previewAsPdf=false.

Asian Development Bank, “Prioritizing Strategic Directions for BIMP-EAGA”. Manila, 2004.

Asian Development Bank, “Strategy and Action Plan for Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor”. Manila, 2010. Available: http://www.adb.org/publications/strategy-and-action-plan-greater-mekong-subregion-east-west-economic-corridor (accessed: 2 February 2018).

Asian Development Blog, “Will 2025 be the final deadline for the AEC?”. 24 July 2017.

Bahri, S., “Oil Palm by Product: How to Compute Its Cost of Production.” IOSR Journal of Business and Management, Volume 18, Issue 10, October 2016.

Bahri, S., “Oil Palm by Product: How to Compute Its Cost of Production”. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM). e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 18, Issue 10. Ver. I (October. 2016), PP 06-09.

Baker, S., et al. “Regional Cost Analysis and Indices for Conventional Timber Harvesting Operations”. University of Georgia, Final Report to the Wood Supply Research Institute, 2013. Available: http://wsri.org/resources/media/RegCostAnalFinalRpt.pdf.

Banomyong R., “Logistics Development Study of the Indonesia-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle (IMT-GT)”. Bangkok, Thailand: Centre for Logistics Research Faculty of Commerce & Accountancy Thammasat University, 2008.

Banomyong, R., “Benchmarking Economic Corridors Logistics Performance: a GMS border crossing observation”. World Customs Journal 4(1), 2008.

Beck Group, “California Assessment of Wood Business Innovation Opportunities and Markets (CAWBIOM)”. Prepared for the The National Forest Foundation, December 2015. Online: https://www.nationalforests.org/assets/pdfs/California-Assessment-Wood-Biomass-Innovation-Interim-Report-June-2015.pdf.

Bekhet, H.A., “Output, Income and Employment Multipliers in Malaysian Economy: Input-Output Approach”. International Business Research. Vol. 4, No. 1. January 2011. Available: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.662.6188&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

Borneo Post Online, “Higher visitor arrivals in 2017, over RM8 billion earned — Minister”. July 17, 2018. Online: http://www.theborneopost.com/2018/07/17/higher-visitor-arrivals-in-2017-over-rm8-billion-earned-minister/

BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat, “Kalimantan Barat Province in Figures 2017”, 2018.

BPS-Statistics Indonesia, “Kalimantan Barat In Figures 2016”. BPS-Statistics of Kalimantan Barat, 2017.

Branch, J.D. , “A Praxiography of the Transnationalization of the Stockholm School of Economics”. Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education (Educational Leadership) at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, 2017.

British Council, “The Shape of Things to Come: Higher Education Global Trends and Emerging Opportunities to 2020”.

British Council, “The Shape of Things to Come: Higher Education Global Trends and Emerging Opportunities to 2020”.

Bulletin of the Atomic Scientist. Online: https://books.google.co.th/books?id=-gsAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA120&lpg=PA120&dq=alumina+importance+of+transportation+in+costs+in+aluminum+production+costs&source=bl&ots=1FsWoY1ads&sig=df3ibl9nOmJFddF1oFyHIBO1kDs&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjF3P218ZrYAhWKrI8KHUrZAaIQ6AEIUDAH#v=onepage&q=alumina%20importance%20of%20transportation%20in%20costs%20in%20aluminum%20production%20costs&f=false (accessed 21 December 2017).

Business Insider, “The most undervalued and overvalued currencies around the world, in one chart”. 10 October 2017.

CEPII, “GeoDist”. Paris, France, 2007.

CEPII. “Databases”. Paris, France, 2007.

Chang, C-L, et al. “Long Run Returns Predictability and Volatility with Moving Averages”. Risks, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 6(4), pages 1-18, September 2018..

Chiang, T.I., Feasibility of Producing Southern Pine Plywood in Georgia, October 1963. Available: https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/45631/e-233-24b_126121.pdf.

Cribb, R., Historical Atlas of Indonesia. Co-published by the University of Hawaii Press (Honolulu) and New Asian Library (Singapore), 2000.

de Jong, W., “The Impact of Rubber on the Forest Landscape in Borneo”. In A. Angelsen, D. Kaimowitz (eds.) Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation. 367-381. 2001.

Deise, M., Nowikow, C., King, P. and Wright, A., Executive’s Guide to E-Business. From Tactics to Strategy. Wiley, New York, 2000.

Department of Statistics Malaysia, “Sarawak”. Online: https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/cone&menu_id=clJnWTlTbWFHdmUwbmtSTE1EQStFZz09

Economics and Industry Development Division, Malaysian Palmoil Board [MPOB], “OER Performance of Malaysian Oil Palm Mills – June 2018”.

Erickson-Davis, E., “Sarawak makes 80% forest preservation commitment, but some have doubts”. Mongabay, 12 March 2018. Online: https://news.mongabay.com/2018/03/sarawak-makes-80-forest-preservation-commitment-but-some-have-doubts/.

Ernah, “Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Introduction of the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil: A Case Study in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia”. July 2015. Online: http://www.eepseapartners.org/post-2536/.

Essia, U., “Feasibility Study for Establishing a Small-Scale Oil Palm Mill in ITU Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria”. 10 January 2013.

European Commission, “Guide to Cost-Benefit Analysis of Investment Projects”. Brussels, Directorate-General for Regional and Urban policy, 2015.

eXtension, “Cost Factors in Harvesting and Transporting Woody Biomass.” February 2014. Available: http://articles.extension.org/pages/70339/cost-factors-in-harvesting-and-transporting-woody-biomass.

FAO, “Cost control in forest harvesting and road construction”. Rome. Available: http://www.fao.org/sustainable-forest-management/toolbox/tools/tool-detail/en/c/232649/.

Farole, T. (2011), “Special Economic Zones in Africa: Comparing Performance and Learning from Global Experiences”. Washington, DC, World Bank. Available: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/2268/600590PUB0ID181onomic09780821386385.pdf?sequence=1.

Financial Times, “Monkey beats man on stock market picks”. 31 March 2013.

Gacel-Ávila, J., “Internationalization of Higher Education in Mexico: Progress and Challenges”. American Council on Education, International Briefs for Higher Education Leaders. No. 7, 2018.

Gaveau, D.L.A., et al. “Four Decades of Forest Persistence, Clearance and Logging on Borneo”. 16 July 2014. Online: https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0101654.

Government of Malaysia, “Eleventh Malaysia Plan 2016-2020: Anchoring Growth on People.” Kuala Lumper, 2015.

Hambali, E., and M Rivai, The Potential of Palm Oil Waste Biomass in Indonesia in 2020 and 2030”. 2017 IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 65 012050.

Harvey, C.R., Hypertextual Finance Glossary, 2018.

Hashai, N., “Forecasting Trade Potential between Former Non-Trading Neighbors: The Israeli-Arab Case”. Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel. Jerusalem School of Business Administration, The Hebrew University, 2004.

Hasnie, S., “Grid Unlocked: The Mechanics of Cross-Border Electricity Sharing”. In Development Asia. Manila, Asian Development Bank, 2016.

Hirankitrangsee, H., “Demand and supply analysis of palm oil in Thailand.” MSc thesis, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 1987.

Hirohata, N., and K. Fukoyo, “Comparative Study of Large-scale Investment in Plantation in Least Developed Countries Applying the Investment Profitability Analysis model”. International Journal of Engineering Innovation and Management 1 (2011). Online: http://web.cc.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp/~eimanage/vol1issue1/hirohata-35-40.pdf.

HSBC, “The global outlook for international higher education strengthens”. 6 December 2017.

Huang, C-C, “Overview of Modular Product Development”. Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. ROC(A), Vol. 24, No. 3, 2000. pp. 149-165. Online: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c9ee/6209a2de26aa01c90fa03fa1f6f99533c4a3.pdf.

Human Resources Ministry, “Salary Guide, Starting Salaries for 160 Selected Skill-Based Jobs”. Kuala Lumpur, November 2016. Available: http://www.mohr.gov.my/pdf/MPGN%20Eng.pdf.

Hummels, D., "Toward a Geography of Trade Costs," GTAP Working Papers 1162, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, 1999.

Ichikawa, H., “Constant-Market Share Analysis and Open Regionalism: Constant-Market Share Analysis and Open Regionalism”. Chiba, Japan. Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO)[1]

International Monetary Fund (IMF), “World Economic Outlook database (April 2018), Washington, DC.

International Monetary Fund, “World Economic Outlook database”. Washington, DC, April 2018.

International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, July 2018.

International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, October 2017.

Jakarta Post, “Ministry to promote Pontianak for cross-border tourism”. 20 April 2017.

Jaleha M., R.J.,“Informal Cross-Border Trade: Who participates and what is the impact of participation on income? A Case Study in Entikong, Indonesia." The Hague, Netherlands, International Institute of Social Studies of Erasmus University, Degree of Master, 2014.

Karin, M.F., “Local-Central Dynamics and Limitations of Micro-Regionalism: Understanding West Kalimantan and Sarawak Cross-Border Cooperation” in M. Caballero-Anthony and R. Barichello, Balanced Growth for an Inclusive and Equitable ASEAN Community. Singapore, S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, 2015.

Kollert, W., and P. Lagan, “Do certified tropical logs fetch a market premium?: A comparative price analysis from Sabah, Malaysia.” Forest Policy and Economics, 2007, vol. 9, issue 7, pages 862-868. Online: http://www.deramakot.sabah.gov.my/pdf/iufro-kollert-lagan.pdf.

Kollert, W., and P. Lagan, “Do certified tropical logs fetch a market premium?: A comparative price analysis from Sabah, Malaysia.” Forest Policy and Economics, 2007, vol. 9, issue 7, pages 862-868.

Koto, J., and M. Ridho, “Issues & Challenges: Asian Shipbuilding Industries”. January 2018.

Kushairi Din, A., “Malaysian Oil Palm Industry Performance 2016 and Prospects for 2017”. Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB). Ministry of Plantation Industries & Commodities (MPIC).

Langston, J.D., et al., “Estate Crops More Attractive than Community Forests in West Kalimantan, Indonesia”. Center for International Forestry Research. 8 February 2017. Online: https://www.cifor.org/library/6389/estate-crops-more-attractive-than-community-forests-in-west-kalimantan-indonesia/ (accessed 27 December 2017).

Lim, T. W., “Malaysia: Illegalities in Forest Clearance for Large-Scale Commercial Plantations”. Washington DC: Forest Trends, 2013. Online: https://www.forest-trends.org/publications/malaysia-illegalities-in-forest-clearance-for-large-scale-commercial-plantations/

Linder, S.B. , An Essay on Trade and Transformation, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1961

Logam, E.K. “Challenges and Opportunities in the Indonesian Shipbuilding and Maritime Sector”. IPERINDO. German-Indonesian Chamber of Industry & Commerce (EKONID), German –Indonesian Forum on Shipbuilding and Maritime Technology Solutions, 20 February 2017.

Lord, M., “The Demand for Traded Commodities” in Imperfect Competition in International Commodity Trade. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1991.

Lord, M., and P. Tangtrongita, “BIMP-EAGA Investment Corridor Profiling Study”. Manila, Asian Development Bank, Subregional Cooperation in the aSEA Region, TA-6462 (REG), 26 December 2014.

Lord, M., and P. Tangtrongjita, Border Economic Zones in Thailand: A Practitioner’s Guide. Bangkok, Chulalongkorn University Press, 2016.

Lu, J., “Increasing Value-Added Hardwood Lumber Product Exports To India Through Informed Purchase Decisions”. Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, 2012.

Lunt, N., et al., “Medical tourism: treatments, markets and health system implications: a scoping review”. Paris, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2011.

Malaymail, “Unemployment rate in Sarawak lower than national average, says Masing” (17 March 2018). Online: https://www.malaymail.com/s/1601027/unemployment-rate-in-sarawak-lower-than-national-average-says-masing.

Malaysia Productivity Corporation (MPC), “Reducing Unnecessary Regulatory Burden on Business: Private Higher Education”. July 2015.

Malaysian Investment Development Association (MIDI), “Food Technology and Sustainable Resources”.

Malaysian Investment Development Association (MIDI), “Food Technology and Sustainable Resources”. Online: http://www.mida.gov.my/home/food-technology-and-sustainable-resources/posts/.

Malaysian Palm Oil Board, “Number and Capacities of Palm Oil Sectors in Operation as at December 2017 (Tonnes/Year)”. Economic and Industrial Development Division.

Malaysian Palm Oil Board, “Production Of Crude Palm Oil For The Month Of December 2017

Malaysian Timber Industry Board, “Timber Prices.” Available: http://www.mtib.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=88&lang=en.

Mar, Y., and Y. Supriyadi, “The Relationship between Dayak and Madura in Retok”. Online: http://yohanessupriyadi.blogspot.com/2008/06/relationship-between-dayak-and-madura.html (retrieved 19 November 2017).

McDonald, T.P., et al. “Information Needs for Increasing Log Transport Efficiency.” Precision Forestry Symposium, University of Washington: Seattle, WA. June 17-20, 2001.

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Republic pf Indonesia, “Indonesia Marine and Fisheries Business and Investment Opportunities”. Jakarta, 21 February 2017.

Momii, M., “Japan’s New Legal Timber Law.” Forestry Legality Initiative. 5 December 2016.

Momii, M., “Japan’s New Legal Timber Law.” Forestry Legality Initiative. 5 December 2016. Available: http://www.forestlegality.org/blog/japan%E2%80%99s-new-legal-timber-law.

Muazir, S., and H-C Hsieh, “Lagging yet strategic: Tourism and regional development planning in a lagging-outermost-forefront area (borderland) in Indonesia”. Tourism. Vol. 62, No. 4, 2014, pp. 361–376. UDC: 338.486.5 (594).

Neliti Pty Ltd, “Value of Production and Cost of Production per Hectare of Oil Palm and Sugarcane Smallholders, 2014 (Indonesia)”. Statistics Indonesia, September 2015.

OECD, “Import content of exports”. Paris, 2015

Parameswaran, P., “Indonesia: A New Shipbuilding 'Magnet' from ASEAN to Africa?”. 18 July 2017.

PricewaterhouseCoopers, “Study on the Demand and Supply of Human Capital Requirements on Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET).” Forthcoming.

Rubber Research Institute of India, “Market Structure, Marketing Efficiency and Price Spread”. Online: http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/60996/11/11_chapter%206.pdf; and World Bank, “Assessment of Technical and Financial Viability of Nairit Chemical Plant Operation”. Prepared by Jacobs Consultancy Ltd for World Bank. June 2015. Online: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/568331468179353299/Assessment-of-technical-and-financial-viability-of-Nairit-chemical-plant-operation.

Salman, F., M. Najib and S. Djohar (2017), “Cost and Benefit Analysis of RSPO Certification (Case Study In PT BCA Oil Palm Plantation in Papua)”. Indonesian Journal of Business and Entrepreneurship, Vol. 3 No. 3, September 2017. Online: http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/ijbe/article/view/16765

Shepherd, B., “The Gravity Model of International Trade (An Updated Version)”. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), ARTNeT Gravity Modeling Initiative, 2016.

South China Morning Post, “Rupiah At Lowest Since Asian Financial Crisis, But Indonesia Keeps Calm And Carries On”. 6 October 2018.

Srisawad, S., et al., “Cost and Benefit Analysis for Rubber Product Transportation”. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Engineering, Project, and Production Management (EPPM 2013). Online: http://www.ppml.url.tw/EPPM/conferences/2013/download/SESSION5/5-11_Cost%20and%20Benefit%20Analysis%20for%20Rubber%20Product%20Transportation.pdf.

Strait Times, “Rupiah undervalued amid market irrationality: Bank Indonesia chief”. 16 October 2018.

Straits Times, “2018 Budget: Medical tourism set to grow”. 9 September 2018.

Sulenhan, J., et al., “Development at the Margins: Livelihood and Sustainability of Communities at Malaysia -

Syarip Hidayat, A., and T.Lesmana, “The Development Of Organic Rice Farming In Indonesia”. Economic Research Center, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), 2008.

Sze, A., “NAFTA Economic Corridor Development”. 10th Ministerial Conference 22-24 November 2011, Baku, Azerbaijan, 2011..

The Observer, “Borneo's majestic rainforest is being killed by the timber mafia”. 23 October 2010. Online: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/24/borneo-indonesia-rainforest-illegal-logging.

Theerapappisit, P., “A Synthesis Paper of the Six Papers: Policy and Planning of Tourism Product Development in Asian Countries.” Bangkok, Thailand, 6th ADRF General Meeting, 2004.

Town and Regional Planning Department Sabah, “Sabah Structure Plan 2033. Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. October 2016.

United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP), “Trade Costs in Asia and the Pacific: Improved and Sectoral Estimates (December 2011; revised 15 January 2012)”. Bangkok, Thailand.

USAID, “Good governance on minimum service standard for basic education at district level: USAID-KINERJA Lessons Learned”. Jakarta, 2014.

Vidliana Gozali, S., “Optimal Palm Oil Processing Plant Size in South Sumatera”. California Polytechnic State University. Faculty of the Agribusiness Department, 2010.

Wadley, R.L., “Community Cooperatives, ‘Illegal’ Logging and Regional Autonomy in the Borderlands of West Kalimantan” in F.M. Cooke (ed.), State, Communities And Forests In Contemporary Borneo. Asia-Pacific Environment Monograph 1. Australian National University, 2006.

Wakker, E., “The Kalimantan Border Oil Palm Mega-project”. Amsterdam, AIDEnvironment. April 2006.

West, A., et al. “Reasons for studying abroad: A survey of EU students studying in the UK”. Paper presented at the European Conference on Educational Research, Edinburgh, 20-23 September 2000.

World Bank, “Agro-Industry Profiles: Oil Palm”. Washington, DC.

World Economic Forum, “The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report 2017”. Geneva. World Economic Forum, 2017.

World Trade Organization (WTO), “World Trade Statistical Review 2016.” Geneva, 2017.

Wu, H., “Re‐visiting the Distance Coefficient in Gravity Model”. Cornel University Library. 2015.

Yashoda, “Difference Between Vulcanized and Unvulcanized Rubber”. Epedia, 6 December 2016. Online: http://pediaa.com/difference-between-vulcanized-and-unvulcanized-rubber/.

Zhenghui, Y., and L Zhi, “Study on Current Situation, Challenges and Feasible Marketing Strategies of China’s Mass Furniture Market”. Politecnico Di Milano, 2012/2013. Online: https://www.politesi.polimi.it/bitstream/10589/82381/1/2013_10_Li_Yang.pdf.

Zion Market Research, “Medical Tourism Market by Treatment Type (Cancer Treatment, Orthopedic Treatment, Fertility Treatment, Cardiovascular Treatment, Neurological Treatment, and Others): Global Industry Perspective, Comprehensive Analysis, and Forecast, 2017 - 2024”.