One Global Map but Different Worlds: Worldwide Survey of Human Access to Basic Utilities

Mihai, Florin-Constantin (2017): One Global Map but Different Worlds: Worldwide Survey of Human Access to Basic Utilities. Published in: Human Ecology , Vol. 45, No. 43 (June 2017): pp. 425-429.

Abstract

The paper aims to reveal one integrated global map which points out the major geographical inequalities in providing basic utilities across the countries using multivariate analysis and thematic cartography. Sixteen indicators with global coverage were selected taking into account the waste collection services, sanitation facilities, drinking water sources, energy, electricity, habitat and demographic conditions. Several data are broken down for the total, urban and rural population in order to outline the rural-urban disparities between and within countries. A special focus is given to waste collection coverage, in order to compute a comprehensive global assessment of this key indicator of public health, which is one of the poorest monitored basic utility. The world countries were divided into 10 classes according to the hierarchical cluster analysis. Each class has particular features outlining the gaps between high, middle and low-income countries with direct impact on quality of life, public health, and environment.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: drinking water, sanitation, waste wanagement , energy, utilities, public policy; pollution; environment; SDGs; human ecology; global inequalities
• Subjects: O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development > O17 - Formal and Informal Sectors ; Shadow Economy ; Institutional Arrangements; O - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth > O1 - Economic Development > O18 - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis ; Housing ; Infrastructure; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q4 - Energy > Q40 - General; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q50 - General; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q53 - Air Pollution ; Water Pollution ; Noise ; Hazardous Waste ; Solid Waste ; Recycling; Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics ; Environmental and Ecological Economics > Q5 - Environmental Economics > Q56 - Environment and Development ; Environment and Trade ; Sustainability ; Environmental Accounts and Accounting ; Environmental Equity ; Population Growth; R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R5 - Regional Government Analysis > R53 - Public Facility Location Analysis ; Public Investment and Capital Stock; Z - Other Special Topics > Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology > Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification; Z - Other Special Topics > Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology > Z18 - Public Policy

References

Alhassan H., Kwakwa, P. A. 2014. When water is scarce: the perception of water quality and effects on the vulnerable. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 04-1 : 43-50

Gonzenbach B and Coad A. 2007. Solid waste management and the Millennium Development Goals. CWG Publication Series No 3. ISBN 3-908156-11-4 Available at : http://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/Gonzenbach-2007-Solid.pdf (Accessed 9 October 2015) International

Energy Agency (IEA) (2014). World Energy Outlook Electricity Access Database. https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/WEIO2014.pdf

Pullan RL. Freeman MC. Gething PW. Brooker SJ. 2014. Geographical Inequalities in Use of Improved Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation across Sub- Saharan Africa: Mapping and Spatial Analysis of Cross-sectional Survey Data. PLoS Med 11(4): e1001626. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001626

Scarlat N. Motola V. Dallemand J.F Monforti-Ferrario F. Mofor L. 2015. Evaluation of energy potential of Municipal Solid Waste from African urban areas. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50 : 1269–1286

World Bank. 2011. Solid Waste Management in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania : A Cross-Country Analysis of Sector Challenges Towards EU Harmonization. World Bank. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2754 License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0.‖

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation .2014. Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-Water: 2014 Update.

World Health Organization, Geneva United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG) 2013 Basic services for all in an urbanizing world, Third Global Report of United Cities and Local Governments on Local Democracy and Decentralization GOLD III Executive Summary www.uclg.org

United Nations. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division .2014. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352).

UNEP. 2015 . Global Waste Management Outlook (GWMO)