de-Ramon, Sebastián and Iscenko, Zanna and Osborne, Matthew and Straughan, Michael and Andrews, Peter (2012): Measuring the impact of prudential policy on the macroeconomy: A practical application to Basel III and other responses to the financial crisis. Published in: FSA Occasional Paper series No. 42 (May 2012)
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_69423.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
When financial regulators require banks to hold a higher ratio of equity capital to debt funding, banks incur short-term costs as they adjust their balance sheets and lose some of the advantages associated with their existing funding mix. They then seek to maintain post-tax income by, for example, raising lending margins. Higher lending margins tend to lower the volumes of borrowing. This creates a trade-off between the greater stability associated with a higher ratio of equity capital to debt funding and the level of economic activity in the short to medium term. While the benefits of greater stability are obviously very large, and the reduction in economic activity is very unlikely to be on a comparable scale, exploring the trade-off is not straightforward. Past work on this did not solve all of the modelling problems, nor does this paper. We do, however, report some useful developments, which may assist in calibrating policy or monitoring the impacts of judgements already made.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | Measuring the impact of prudential policy on the macroeconomy: A practical application to Basel III and other responses to the financial crisis |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | banking; capital requirements; impact assessment; macroeconomic impact |
Subjects: | D - Microeconomics > D2 - Production and Organizations > D22 - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis D - Microeconomics > D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium > D53 - Financial Markets E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics > E0 - General > E02 - Institutions and the Macroeconomy G - Financial Economics > G1 - General Financial Markets > G18 - Government Policy and Regulation G - Financial Economics > G2 - Financial Institutions and Services > G21 - Banks ; Depository Institutions ; Micro Finance Institutions ; Mortgages G - Financial Economics > G2 - Financial Institutions and Services > G28 - Government Policy and Regulation |
Item ID: | 69423 |
Depositing User: | Mr Michael Straughan |
Date Deposited: | 11 Mar 2016 21:04 |
Last Modified: | 27 Sep 2019 07:54 |
References: | Acharya, S. (1996), ‘Charter value, minimum bank capital requirement and deposit insurance pricing in equilibrium’, Journal of Banking & Finance, 20(2), 351-375 Acharya, V. V. and M. P. Richardson (2009), ‘Causes of the Financial Crisis’, Critical Review, 21(2 & 3), 195-210. Alfon, I., I. Argimon, and P. Bascuñana-Ambrós (2004), ‘What determines how much capital is held by UK banks and building societies?’, FSA Occasional Paper, No. 22. Angelini, P., L. Clerc, V. Cúrdia, L. Gambacorta, A. Gerali, A. Locarno, R. Motto, W. Roeger, S. Van den Heuvel and J. Vlcek (2011), ‘BASEL III: Long-term impact on economic performance and fluctuations’, Banca d’Italia Occasional Paper, No. 87 Bank of England (2010a), Inflation Report, February Bank of England (2010b), Financial Stability Report, No. 27 Barrell, R. and S. Kirby (2009), ‘Fiscal Sustainability’, National Institute Economic Review, No 208, 61-65 Barrell, R. (2009) ‘Long-term scarring from the financial crisis’, National Institute Economic Review, No 210. .36-38 Barrell, R., K. Dury and I. Hurst (2000), ‘International Monetary Policy Coordination: An Evaluation of Cooperative Strategies using a large Econometric Model.’, NIESR Discussion Paper, No. 160 Barrell, R., E.P. Davis, T. Fic, D. Holland, S. Kirby, and I. Liadze (2009), ‘Optimal regulation of bank capital and liquidity: how to calibrate new international standards’, FSA Occasional Paper, No. 38 Barrell, R., E. P. Davis, D. Karim, and I. Liadze (2010a), ‘The impact of global imbalances: does the current account balance help to predict banking crises in OECD countries?’, NIESR Discussion Paper, no. 351 Barrell, R., E. P. Davis, D. Karim, and I. Liadze (2010b), ‘Evaluating off-balance sheet exposures in banking crisis determination models’, NIESR Discussion Paper, No. 357 Barrell, R., E. P. Davis, D. Karim, and I. Liadze (2010c), ‘The effects of banking crises on potential output in OECD countries’, NIESR Discussion Paper, No. 358 Barrell, R., E. P. Davis, D. Karim, and I. Liadze (2010d), ‘Evaluating Wholesale Funding Intensity in Crisis Determination Models’, NIESR and Brunel University, Mimeo Barrell, R., E. P. Davis, D. Karim, and I. Liadze (2010e), ‘Contagious Effects of Banking Crises in OECD Countries’, NIESR and Brunel University, Mimeo Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2006), ‘International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework, Comprehensive Version’, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs128a.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2009a), ‘Revisions to the Basel II Market Risk Framework’, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs158.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2009b), ‘Strengthening the resilience of the banking sector, consultation paper’, BCBS Consultative Document, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs164.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2010a), ‘An assessment of the long-term impact of stronger capital and liquidity requirements’, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs173.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2010b), ‘Assessing the macroeconomic impact of the transition to stronger capital and liquidity requirements – Interim report’, http://www.bis.org/publ/othp10.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2010c), ‘Assessing the macroeconomic impact of the transition to stronger capital and liquidity requirements – Final report’, http://www.bis.org/publ/othp12.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2010d), ‘Basel III: A global regulatory framework for more resilient banks and banking systems’, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs189.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2010e), ‘Basel III: International framework for liquidity risk measurement, standards and monitoring’, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs188.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2010f), ‘Guidance for national authorities operating the countercyclical capital buffer’, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs187.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2010g), ‘Results of the comprehensive quantitative impact study’, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs186.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2011a), ‘The transmission channels between the financial and real sectors: a critical survey of the literature’. BCBS Working Paper, No 18. http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs_wp18.pdf Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) (2011b), ‘Global systemically important banks: Assessment methodology and the additional loss absorbency requirement’, BCBS Consultative Document, http://www.bis.org/publ/bcbs201.pdf Battiston, S., D. Delli Gatti, M. Gallegati, B.C. Greenwald and J.E.Stiglitz (2009), ‘Liaisons Dangereuses: Increasing Connectivity, Risk Sharing, and Systemic Risk’, NBER Working Paper no. 15611. Beck, T., A. Demirgüç-Kunt and R. Levine (2006), ‘Bank concentration, competition, and crises: First results’, Journal of Banking & Finance, 30(5), 1581-1603 Berger, A. N. (1995), ‘The relationship between capital and earnings in banking’, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 27(2), 432-456 Britton, E., P. I. Fisher and J. Whitley (1998) ‘The Inflation Report projections: understanding the fan chart’, BoE Quarterly Bulletin, February, 30-37 Cecchetti, S., M. Kohler and C. Upper (2009), ‘Financial Crises and Economic Activity’, CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 7495 Cecchetti, S. G., H. Genberg, J. Lipsky and S. Wadhwani (2000), ‘Asset Prices and Central Bank Policy’, The Geneva Report on the World Economy No. 2, International Centre for Monetary and Banking Studies Chater, N., S. Huck and R. Inderst (2010), ‘Consumer Decision-Making in Retail Investment Services: A Behavioural Economics Perspective’, European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/consumers/strategy/docs/final_report_en.pdf Davis, P. and D. Karim (2008), ‘Comparing Early Warning Systems for Banking Crises’, Journal of Financial Stability, 4(2), 89-120 Davis, P., T. Fic and D. Karim (2009) ‘Tier 2 Capital And Bank Behaviour’, NIESR and Brunel University, Mimeo Demirgüç-Kunt, A. and E. Detragiache (1998), ‘The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developed and Developing Countries’, IMF Staff Paper, 45(1) Demirgüç-Kunt, A., and H. Huizinga (1999), ‘Determinants of commercial bank interest margins and profitability: Some international evidence’, The World Bank Economic Review, 13(2) Eichberger, J. and I. R. Harper (1997), ‘Financial Economics’, Oxford University Press Elliott, D. J. (2009), ‘Quantifying the effects on lending of increased capital requirements’, Brookings Institution Working Paper European Union (2010), ‘Directive 2010/76/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 November 2010 amending Directives 2006/48/EC and 2006/49/EC as regards capital requirements for the trading book and for re-securitisations, and the supervisory review of remuneration policies’, Official Journal of the European Union, Volume 53 Financial Services Authority (FSA) (2006), ‘Strengthening Capital Standards 2’, FSA Consultation Paper, No. 06/03, http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/cp/cp06_03.pdf Financial Services Authority (FSA) (2009a), ‘A regulatory response to the banking crisis’, FSA Discussion Paper, No. 09/02, http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/discussion/dp09_02.pdf Financial Services Authority (FSA) (2009b), ‘Turner Review Conference Discussion Paper – A regulatory response to the global banking crisis: systemically important banks and assessing the cumulative impact’, FSA Discussion Paper, No. 09/04, http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/discussion/dp09_04.pdf Financial Services Authority (FSA) (2009c), ‘Strengthening Capital Standards 3’, FSA Consultation Paper, No. 09/29, http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pages/Library/Policy/CP/2009/09_29.shtml Financial Services Authority (FSA) (2011), ‘Strengthening Capital Standards 3: further consultation on CRD3’, FSA Consultation Paper, No 11/9, http://www.fsa.gov.uk/pubs/cp/cp11_09.pdf Francis, W. and M. Osborne (2009a). ‘On the behaviour and determinants of risk-based capital ratios: Revisiting the evidence from UK banking institutions’, FSA Occasional Paper No. 31, http://www.fsa.gov.uk/static/pubs/occpapers/op31.pdf Francis, W. and M. Osborne (2009b), ‘Bank Regulation, Capital and Credit Supply: Measuring the Impact of Prudential Standards’, FSA Occasional Paper, No. 36, http://www.fsa.gov.uk/static/pubs/occpapers/op36.pdf Gai, P. and S. Kapadia (2010), ‘Contagion in financial networks’, Bank of England Working Paper, No. 383 Goodhart, C., B. Hofmann and M. Segoviano (2004), ‘Bank regulation and macroeconomic fluctuations’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 20(4), 1-25 Haldane, A. and R. May (2011), ‘Systemic risk in banking ecosystems’, Nature, 469, 351-355 Hancock, D. and J. Wilcox (1993), ‘Has there been a ‘Capital Crunch’ in banking? The effects on bank lending of real estate market conditions and bank capital shortfalls’, Journal of Housing Economics, 3(1), 31–50 Hancock, D. and J. Wilcox (1994), ‘Bank capital and credit crunch: The roles of risk-weighted and unweighted capital regulations’, Journal of the American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, 22(1), 59–94 Hanson, S. A. Kashyap and J. Stein (2011), ‘A Macroprudential Approach to Financial Regulation’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(1), 3-28 HM Treasury (2003), ‘The Green Book: Appraisal and Evaluation in Central Government’, http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/data_greenbook_index.htm HM Treasury (2011), ‘A new approach to financial regulation: building a stronger system’, http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/d/consult_newfinancial_regulation170211.pdf Hillier, D., M. Grinblatt and S. Titman (2008), ‘Financial Markets and Corporate Strategy’, McGraw-Hill Higher Education Independent Commission on Banking (2011), ‘Final Report: Recommendations’, http://bankingcommission.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/ICB-Final-Report.pdf Institute of International Finance (IIF) (2010), ‘Interim Report on the Cumulative Impact on the Global Economy of Proposed Changes in the Banking Regulatory Framework’, http://www.ebf-fbe.eu/uploads/10-Interim%20NCI_June2010_Web.pdf Institute of International Finance (IIF) (2011), ‘The Cumulative Impact on the Global Economy of Changes in the Financial Regulatory Framework’ http://www.iif.com/download.php?id=oXT67gHVBJk= Jokipii, T., ‘Nonlinearity of bank capital and charter values’, Mimeo, http://www.euroframe.org/fileadmin/user_upload/euroframe/docs/2009/EUROF09_Jopikii.pdf Jokipii, T. and A. Milne (2008), ‘The cyclical behaviour of European bank capital buffers’, Journal of Banking and Finance (32), 1440–1451 Kato, R., S. Kobayashi and Y. Saita (2010), ‘Calibrating the Level of Capital: The Way We See It’, Bank of Japan Working Paper Series, No. 10-E-6 Keeley, M. C (1990), ‘Deposit insurance, risk, and market power in banking’, The American Economic Review, 80(5), 1183-1200 Lucas, Jr., Robert E. (1976), ‘Econometric Policy Evaluation: A Critique’, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 1, 19-46 Marcus, A. J. (1984), ‘Deregulation and bank financial policy’, Journal of Banking & Finance, 8(4), 557-565 Miller, M. H. (1988), ‘The Modigliani-Miller Propositions After Thirty Years’, The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2(4), 99-120 Miles, D., J. Yang and G. Marcheggiano (2011), ‘Optimal bank capital’, Bank of England External MPC Unit, Discussion Paper No. 31. Modigliani, F. and M.H. Miller (1958), ‘The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment’, American Economic Review, 48(3), pp261-297 Myers, S.C. and N. Majluf (1984), ‘Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that Investors do not have’, Journal of Financial Economics, 13(2), 187-221 Nier, E., J. Yang, T. Yorulmazer and A. Alentorn (2008), ‘Network models and financial stability’, Bank of England Working Paper, No. 346 OECD (2007), ‘Bank Profitability – Methodological Country Notes’. OECD, Paris. Reinhart, C. M and K. Rogoff, (2008), ‘Is the 2007 US Sub-prime Financial Crisis So Different? An International Historical Comparison’, American Economic Review, vol. 98(2), 339-344 Reinhart, C. M. and K. Rogoff (2009), ‘This time is different: eight centuries of financial folly’, Princeton University Press Repullo, R. and J. Suarez (2004), ‘Loan pricing under Basel capital requirements’, Journal of Financial Intermediation, 13(4), 496-521 Roger, S. and F. Vitek (2012), ‘The Global macroeconomic Costs of Raising Bank Capital Adequacy Requirements’, IMF Working Paper, WP/12/44 Roger, S.and J. Vlcek (2012), ‘Macrofinancial Modeling at Central Banks: Recent Developments and Future Directions’, IMF Working Paper, WP/12/21 Ruthenberg, D. and Y. Landskroner (2008), ‘Loan pricing under Basel II in an imperfectly competitive banking market’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 32(12), 2725-2733 Santos, J. and A. Winton (2008), ‘Bank Loans, Bonds, and Information Monopolies across the Business Cycle’, The Journal of Finance, 63, 1315-1359 Saunders, A., and L. Schumacher (2000), ‘The determinants of bank interest rate margins: An international study’, Journal of International Money and Finance, 19(6), 813-832 Schaek, K., M. Cihak and S. Wolfe. (2009), ‘Are Competitive Banking Systems More Stable?’, Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 41(4), 711–734 Stiglitz, J.E. (1969), ‘A re-examination of the Modigliani-Miller Theorem’, American Economic Review, 71, 784-93 Valverde, S.,C. and R.F. Fernández (2007), ‘The determinants of bank margins in European banking’, Journal of Banking & Finance, 31(7), 2043-2063 Van den Heuvel, S. J. (2008), ‘The welfare costs of bank capital requirements’, Journal of Monetary Economics, 55, 298–320 Van den Heuvel, S. J. (2009), ‘The Bank Capital Channel of Monetary Policy’, Federal Reserve Board, August, http://www.ecares.org/ecaresdocuments/seminars0910/nbb-vandenheuvelpaper.pdf Vives, X. (2010), Competition and stability in banking, CEPR Policy Insight, No 50, http://www.cepr.org/pubs/PolicyInsights/PolicyInsight50.pdf |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/69423 |