Differences in Wealth, Education, and History

James Edward, Curtis Jr (2017): Differences in Wealth, Education, and History.

Abstract

ABSTRACT An understanding of the freedoms (or the lack of freedoms) and their economic consequences on early black Americans provides an informative understanding to the freedoms (or the lack of freedoms), and their economic consequences on other, modern ethnic groups. James Curtis Jr (2017) investigates the link between the social asymmetry and economic asymmetry among early blacks and whites in the United States of America. For the empirical study, James Curtis Jr (2017) uses cross-sectional variables from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Sample (IPUMS), developed informative conditional ratios, and employed least squares statistical analyses.

FINDINGS This study finds that economic differences among ethnic groups, as measured by differences between early blacks and whites, are intertwined with asymmetrical freedoms, leading to statistically insignificant returns to education, as measured by literacy. One might conclude that the individual’s basic protection of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness must proceed any expectations of measured returns to schooling, particularly among individuals in disenfranchised groups. Furthermore, one might propose education policy such that modern higher education investment programs prioritize education entrepreneurs and/or state/social planners with academic research familiarity of differences in wealth.

This research is a revision of November 2002, November 2010 and January 2012 working papers. Copyright 2017.

James Edward Curtis, Jr. is the President & Research Economist of The James Edward Curtis Jr Education Foundation, Correspond with James Edward Curtis, Jr. at PO Box 3126, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, or phone [phone], email [e-mail] Learn more at jecjef.net.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: Education, History, Wealth
• Subjects: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods > C8 - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology ; Computer Programs > C81 - Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Microeconomic Data ; Data Access; E - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics > E2 - Consumption, Saving, Production, Investment, Labor Markets, and Informal Economy > E21 - Consumption ; Saving ; Wealth; I - Health, Education, and Welfare > I2 - Education and Research Institutions > I24 - Education and Inequality; N - Economic History > N0 - General > N00 - General

References

Berlin, Ira, Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South, New York: Pantheon, 1974.

Curtis Jr, James Edward, “Freedom Laws and Economics of Ethnicity” Working Paper Number 1701423 (Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/ abstract=1701423), January 23, 2012.

Litwick, Leon F. North of Slavery: The Negor in the Free State, 1790-1860, Chicago: University of Chicago, 1961.