The Effect of Social Media on Employees’ Job Performance: The mediating Role of Organizational Structure

Cetinkaya, Ali Sukru and Rashid, Muhammad (2018): The Effect of Social Media on Employees’ Job Performance: The mediating Role of Organizational Structure. Published in: Journal of Organizational Psychology , Vol. 18, No. 4 (23 November 2018): pp. 94-116.

Abstract

Social media is creating a drastic change at workplaces, and organizations are increasingly interested in adaption of it for their business processes. The aim of social media usage at workplace may differ but ultimate objective is to build social networks and sharing. This empirical research examined the effect of use of social media on employees’ job performance and the mediating effect of an organizational structure. Survey data gathered from 205 valid responses and analyzed by structural equation modelling technique. Results revealed that “use of social media” is positively correlated with “employees’ job performance”, while organizational structure has positive mediating effect.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: English
• Keywords: social media, employees’ job performance, organizational structure
• Subjects: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods > C1 - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General > C12 - Hypothesis Testing: General; J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J2 - Demand and Supply of Labor > J28 - Safety ; Job Satisfaction ; Related Public Policy; L - Industrial Organization > L8 - Industry Studies: Services > L84 - Personal, Professional, and Business Services; L - Industrial Organization > L8 - Industry Studies: Services > L86 - Information and Internet Services ; Computer Software; M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M0 - General; M - Business Administration and Business Economics ; Marketing ; Accounting ; Personnel Economics > M1 - Business Administration > M12 - Personnel Management ; Executives; Executive Compensation

References

Acharya, A., & Mishra, B. (2017). Exploring the relationship between organizational structure and knowledge retention: a study of the Indian infrastructure consulting sector. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(4), 961-985.

Aichner, T., & Jacob, F. (2014). Measuring the degree of corporate social media use. International Journal of market research, 57(2), 257-273.

Ajagbe, M. A., Cho, N. M., & Udo, E. E. U. (2016). How Organizational Structure Aids Business Performance. International Journal Of Research In Commerce & Management, 7(8), 64-68.

Akkoc, İ., & Erdogan, B. Z. (2011). Organizasyon Yapısı ve Liderliğin İş Performansına Etkisi. Çağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler, 8(1), 108.

Ali-Hassan, H., Nevo, D., & Wade, M. (2015a). Linking dimensions of social media use to job performance:The role of social capital. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 24, 65–89.

Ali-Hassan, H., Nevo, D., & Wade, M. (2015b). Linking dimensions of social media use to job performance:v The role of social capital. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 24(3), 65–89.

Atsan, M., & Çetinkaya, A. Ş. (2015). Yönetim Başarısında Sosyal Medyanın Rolü: İş Dünyasından Örnek Olaylar. Paper presented at the I. Eurasia International Tourism Congress: Current Issues, Trends, and Indicators (EITOC-2015), 28 - 30 May 2015, Konya, Turkey.

Bartholomew, D., Knott, M., & Moustaki, I. (2011). Latent Variable Models and Factor Analysis: A Unified Approach: Wiley Series.

Betsy A. Pudliner, Eric T. Brey, & Hyeong-Gyu Choi. (2015). The Emergence of Social Media: A Research Narrative Review. Society for Marketing Advances Proceedings, 406-407.

Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task Performance and Contextual Performance: The Meaning for Personnel Selection Research Human Performance, 10(2), 99-109.

Burgazoglu, H. (2013). Çok Değişkenli Kovaryans Analizi Ve 360 Derece Performans Değerlendirmesi Üzerine Bir Uygulama.

Cai, Z., Huang, Q., & Liu, H. (2018). Improving the agility of employees through enterprise social media: The mediating role of psychological conditions. International Journal of Information Management, 38, 52-63.

Caillier, J. G. (2010). Factors Affecting Job Performance in Public Agencies. Public Performance & Management Review, 34(2), 139-165.

Cao, X., & Ali, A. (2018). Enhancing team creative performance through social media and transactive memory system. International Journal of Information Management, 39, 69-79.

Cao, X., Guo, X., Vogel, D., & Zhang, X. ( 2016). Exploring The Influence Of Social Media On Employee Work Performance. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 26(2), 529-545.

Carr, C. T., & Hayes, R. A. (2015). Social Media: Defining, Developing, and Divining. Journal of Communication, 23, 46–65.

Catalsakal, S. (2016). How Trait Mindfulness Is Related To Job Performance And Job Satisfaction: Self-Regulation As A Potential Mediator. (Master of Science), Middle East Technical University.

Coole, D. R. (2003). The effects of citizenship performance, task performance, and rating format on performance judgments. (Master), University of South Florida.

Daowd, A. (2016). The Impact of Social Media on the Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Developing Countries: A Quantitative Approach.

Delic, A., & Ahmetovic, E. (2013). Characteristics Of Organizational Structure Of Bosnian And Herzegovinian Companies. Journal of Economics and Business, XI(2), 31-43.

Dinc, M. S. (2017). Organizational Commitment Components and Job Performance: Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 11(3), 773-789.

Dunne, A., Lawlor, M.-A., & Rowley, J. (2010). Young people’s use of online social networking sites – a uses and gratifications perspective. Journal of Research in Interactive, 4(1), 46-58.

Faizan, R., Nair, S. L. S., and Haque, A. U. (2018). The Effectiveness of Feminine and Masculine Leadership Styles in Relation to Contrasting Genders' Performances, Polish Journal of Management Studies, 17(1), 78-91.

Faizan, R., & Zehra, N. (2016). Quality Work-Life as predictor to Organizational Commitment under contrasting Leadership Styles: I.T Responses from Pakistan's private software houses, Global Journal of Management and Administration, 16(6), 9-23.

Fusi, F., & Feeney, M. K. (2016). Social Media in the Workplace: Information Exchange, Productivity, or Waste? American Review of Public Administration, 1-23.

Gaskin, J. (2016). Excel StatTools. Stats tools package. Retrieved from http://statwiki.kolobkreations.com/.

Gerald C. Kane, & Maryam Alavi. (2012). What’s Different About Social Media Networks? A Framework And Research Agenda.

Goldkind, L. (2015). Social Media and Social Service: Are Nonprofits Plugged In to the Digital Age? Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 39, 380-396.

Haman, O. (2016). Örgüt Yapisi Ve Örgütsel İletişim Arasındak İlişkinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştirma. Nişantaşi Ünİversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.

Hao, Q., Kasper, H., & Muehlbacher, J. (2012). How does organizational structure influence performance through learning and innovation in Austria and China. Chinese Management Studies, 6(1), 36-52.

Haque, A. U., & Aston, J. (2016). A Relationship between Occupational Stress and Organizational Commitment of I.T Sector's Employees in Contrasting Economies, Polish Journal of Management Studies, 14(1), pp. 95-105.

Haque, A. U., Aston, J., & Kozlovski, E. (2018). The impact of stressors on organisational commitment of managerial and non-managerial personnel in contrasting economies: Evidences from Canada and Pakistan, International Journal of Business, 23(2), pp. 152-168.

Haque, A. U., & Yamoah, F. (2014). Gender Employment Longevity: I.T staff response to Organisational Support Programme in Pakistan, International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Science (IJ-ARBSS), 4(12), pp. 324-347.

Harandi, S. R., & Abdolvand, N. (2018). Investigating the Effect of Online and Offline Workplace Communication Networks on Employees’ Job Performance: Considering the Role of Culture. Journal Of Global Information Technology Management, 21(1), 26-44.

Harari, M. B., Reaves, A. C., & Viswesvaran, C. (2015). Creative and innovative performance: a metaanalysis of relationships with task, citizenship, and counterproductive job performance dimensions. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(4), 495–511.

Hernandez, B., Stanley, B., & Miller, L. (2014). Job Embeddedness and Job Engagement: Recommendations for a Supportive Social Work Environment. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 38, 336-347.

Hox, J. J., & Bechger, T. M. (2006). An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. Family Science Review, 354-373.

Huang, X., Kristal, M. M., & Schroeder, R. G. (2010a). The Impact of Organizational Structure on Mass Customization Capability: A Contingency View. Production and Operations Management, 19(5), 515–530.

Huang, X., Kristal, M. M., & Schroeder, R. G. (2010b). The Impact of Organizational Structure on Mass Customization Capability: A Contingency View. Production and Operations Management Society, 19(5), 515-530.

Islek, M. S. (2012). Sosyal Medyanin Tüketİcİ Davranişlarina Etkİlerİ: Türkİye’dekİ Sosyal Medya Kullanicilari Üzerİne Bİr Araştirma. (Yüksek Lisans), Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Ünİversİtesİ.

Jana Kühnel, Tim Vahle-Hinzc, & Bloom, Jessica d. (2017). Staying in touch while at work: Relationships between personal social media use at work and work-nonwork balance and creativity. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-27.

Janićijević, N. (2017). Organizational Models As Configurations Of Structure, Culture, Leadership, Control, And Change Strategy. Economic Annals, 67-91.

Kane, G. C. (2015). Enterprise Social Media: Current Capabilities and Future Possibilities. MIS Quarterly Executive, 14(1), 1-16.

Kane, G. C. (2017a). The evolutionary implications of social media for organizational knowledge management. Information and Organization, 27, 37-46.

Kane, G. C. (2017b). The evolutionary implications of social media for organizational knowledge management. Information and Organization, 27, 37-46.

Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2012). Social media: back to the roots and back to the future. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 14(2), 101-104.

Kjaerulff, C. (2015). Organizational Structure’s Influence on Social Media. (Master).

Koopmans, L., & Bernaards, C. M. (2014). Construct Validity of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. journal of Environmental Medicine, 56(3), 331-337.

Langer, E. (2014). What’s Trending? Social Media and its Effects on Organizational Communication. Journal of Undergraduate Research, XVII, 1-14.

Lei, M., & Lomax, R. G. (2009). The Effect of Varying Degrees of Nonnormality in Structural Equation Modeling. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 4(1), 1–27.

Levy, M. (2013). Stairways to heaven: implementing social media in organizations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17(5), 741-754.

LI, Y., & Lu, J. (2009). Review on Employee Job Performance Dimensions. IEEE.

Liao, C., Chuang, S.-H., & To, P.-L. (2011). How knowledge management mediates the relationship between environment and organizational structure. Journal of Business Research, 64, 728-736.

Liu, M. M. R. M., & Hsiang, S. M. (2015). Planning for uncertainty: use of structural equation modelling to determine the causal structure of time buffer allocation. Construction Management and Economics, 33(10), 783–798.

Liua, S., Jiangb, K., & Chen, J. (2016). Linking employee boundary spanning behavior to task performance: the influence of informal leader emergence and group power distance. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-21.

Louie H. M. Wong, Carol X. J. Ou, Davison, R. M., Hui Zhu, & Zhang, C. (2016). Web 2.0 and Communication Processes at Work: Evidence From China. IEEE Transactions On Professional Communication, 59(3), 230-244.

Lu, B., Guo, X., Luo, N., & Chen, G. (2015). Corporate Blogging and Job Performance: Effects of Work-related and Nonwork-related Participation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 32(4), 285–314.

Macnamara, J., & Zerfass, A. (2012). Social Media Communication in Organizations: The Challenges of Balancing Openness, Strategy, and Management. Journal of Strategic Communication, 6, 287–308.

Madsen, D. O., & Slatten, K. (2015). Social media and management fashions. Cogent Business & Management, 2, 2-17.

Marsh, H., Morin, A. J. S., Parker, P. D., & Kaur, G. (2014). Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling: An Integration of the Best Features of Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 10, 85-110.

McPhail, C. J. (2016). From Tall to Matrix Redefining Organizational Structures.

Meriçöz, S. (2015). Çalişanlarin Örgütsel Adalet Algilarinin İş Tatmİnİne Ve İş Performansina Olan Etkİsİ: Ampİrİk Bİr Çalişma. (Yüksek Lisans), Bahçeşehİr Ünİversİtesİ.

Nga Ling Chan, & Guillet, B. D. (2011). Investigation of Social Media Marketing: How Does the Hotel Industry in Hong Kong Perform in Marketing on Social Media Websites? Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 28:345–368, 2011, 28, 345–368.

Nisar, A., Rodríguez-Monroy, C., Ruiz, F., & Yuxi, W. (2012). Organizational Structure Shapes Performance in Dynamic Environments: Studying the Relationship Between Structure and Performance. Industrial Engineering: Innovative Networks, 175-180. doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2321-7_20.

Özdemir, S., & Erdem, R. (2016). Sosyal Medyanin Örgüt İçİ İletİşİmdekİ Rolü. MANAS Journal of Social Studies, 5(4), 247-269.

Özlem Çetinkaya Bozkurta, Adnan Kalkanb, & Armanc, M. (2014). The Relationship between Structural Characteristics of Organization and Followed Business Strategy: An application in Denizli. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 222–229.

Pan, B. (2012). Theoretical Models of Social Media, Marketing Implications, and Future Research Directions.

Perrin, A. (2015). Social Media Usage: 2005-2015.

Reitz, A. (2012). Social Media’s Function in Organizations: A Functional Analysis Approach. Global Media Journal, 5(2), 41-56.

Sani, A., & Maharani, V. (2015). Relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) Practices and Organizational Performance Moderated by Organizational Commitment. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9(7), 185-188.

Sashi, C. M. (2012). Customer engagement, buyer-seller relationships, and social media. Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 50(2), 253-272.

Scott, W. R., & Davis, G. F. (2014). Organizations and Organizing Rational, Narual and Open Systems Perspectives. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited.

Sethela June, & Mahmood, R. (2011). The Relationship Between Person-Job Fit And Job Performance: A Study Among The Employees Of The Service Sector Smes In Malaysia. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology, 1(2), 95-105.

Shaar, E. M. A., & Khattab, S. A. (2015). The Effect of Top Management Support on Innovation: the Mediating Role of Synergy Between Organizational Structure and Information Technology. International Review of Management and Business Research, 4(2), 409-513.

Shafiee, H., Razminia, E., & Zeymaran, N. K. (2016). Investigating the Relationship between Organizational Structure Factors and Personnel Performance. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 3(2), 160-165.

Stone-Romero, E. F., Alvarez, K., & Thompson, L. F. (2009). The construct validity of conceptual and operational definitions of contextual performance and related constructs. Human Resource Management Review, 19, 104-116.

Sujarwoto. (2017). Why decentralization works and does not works? A systematic literature review. Journal of Public Administration Studies, 1(3), 1-10.

Sykes, T. A., Venkatesh, V., & Johnson, J. L. (2014). Enterprise System Implementation And Employee Job Performance: Understanding The Role Of Advice Networks. Mis Quarterly, 38(1), 51-72.

Tajudeen, F. P., Jaafar, N. I., & Ainin, S. (2018). Understanding the impact of social media usage among organizations. Information & Management, 55, 308-321.

Tajvidi, R., & Karami, A. (2017). The effect of social media on firm performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 1-10.

Tran, Q., & Tian, Y. (2013). Organizational Structure: Influencing Factors and Impact on a Firm. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 3, 229-236.

Tufail, M. S., Mahesar, H. A., & Pathan, S. K. (2017). Organizational Justice, Task And Contextual Performance: Empirical Analysis For Front Line Managers. Grassroots, 51(1), 269-281.

Uryan, E. (2015). The Role Of Distributive Justice And Work Engagement As The Antecedents Of Affective Commitment And Job Performance: An Empirical Study In A Bank. (M.Sc), Istanbul Technical University.

Usher, W. (2011). Types of Social Media (Web 2.0) Used by Australian Allied Health Professionals to Deliver Early Twenty-First-Century Practice Promotion and Health Care. Social Work in Health Care, 50, 305–329.

Veale, J. F. (2014). Edinburgh Handedness Inventory – Short Form: A revised version based on confirmatory factor analysis. Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition, 19(2), 164 177.

Wahba, M. (2015). The Impact Of Organizational Structure On Knowledge Management Processes In Egyptian Context. Journal of Developing Areas, 49(3), 275-292.

Walker, J., & Maddan, S. (2013). Statistics in criminology and criminal justice (4 ed.): Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Wang, M.-H., Yang, T.-Y., & Chen, Y.-S. (2016). How Workers Engage In Social Networking Sites At Work: A Uses And Gratification Expectancy Perspective. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 8(4), 161-176.

White, M. (2014). The impact of social media on employee performance – a study by IBM Research. Retrieved from "http://www.intranetfocus.com/archives/1893".

Yong, A. G., & Pearce, S. (2013). A Beginner's Guide to Factor Analysis: Focusing on Exploratory Factor Analysis. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 9(2), 79-94.

Young, J. A. (2017). Facebook, Twitter, and Blogs: The Adoption and Utilization of Social Media in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations. Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, 41(1), 44-57.

Zhang, & Venkatesh, V. (2013). Explaining Employee Job Performance: The Role Of Online And Offline Workplace Communication Networks. MIS Quarterly, 37(3), 695-722.

Zhang, M., Zhao, X., & Qi, Y. (2014). The effects of organizational flatness, coordination, and product modularity on mass customization capability. Int. J. Production Economics, 158, 145-155.