Regional Equality of Opportunities and Income: A General Equilibrium Modeling for Iran

Mortazavi Kakhaki, Morteza and Haqiqi, Iman and Mahdavi Adeli, Mohammad (2013): Regional Equality of Opportunities and Income: A General Equilibrium Modeling for Iran. Published in: Journal of Regional Economics and Development , Vol. 5, No. 20 (2013): pp. 69-95.

Abstract

We will evaluate the impacts of redistribution of opportunities [access to public services] on the inequality of income in Iran provinces. The results of the General Equilibrium model show that equal opportunities through equalizing educational opportunities can significantly improve the income distribution and reduce inter-provincial Gini coefficient of income in the long run. According to our findings if the equality of opportunities is met، the income distribution will improve and inter-provincial Gini coefficient will reduce from 0.25 to 0.11.

• Item Type: MPRA Paper
• Language: Persian
• Keywords: Equality of opportunities, General equilibrium, spatial Gini coefficient, regional Gini
• Subjects: C - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods > C6 - Mathematical Methods ; Programming Models ; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling > C68 - Computable General Equilibrium Models; D - Microeconomics > D5 - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium > D58 - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models; D - Microeconomics > D6 - Welfare Economics > D63 - Equity, Justice, Inequality, and Other Normative Criteria and Measurement; R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R1 - General Regional Economics > R13 - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies

References

Abdollahi, H.(1995). Comparison Of The Theoretical Secondary Education In Western Azerbaijan Province In Terms Of Money, Manpower And Training Facilities In The First Development Plan(72-1368) To The Fair Distribution Of Resources Between Regions. Master's thesis, Department Of Educational Sciences And Psychology, University Of Teacher Education (In Persian)

Ahanchyan, M. (2007)Regional Disparities In Educational Opportunity And Border Areas And Schools Ghyrmrzy Khorasan, Shahid Chamran University Journal Of Science Education And Psychology, volume iii in the fourteenth no. 3, pp.27-44(In Persian)

Arlegi, R., Nieto, J. (1999). Equality of Opportunity: Cardinality-Based Criteria. In: De Swart H (Ed) logic, game theory and social choice. Tilburg University Press, tilburg, pp. 458–481.

Arneson, Richard. (1989). “Equity And Equality Of Opportunity For Welfare.” PHILOSOPHICAL STUDY 56: 77–93 Babadee Akasheh, Z., Sayed Mustafa AbdulSharif And Sharifian.(2010). "Providing Education And Promoting Equal Opportunity And Educational.Justice In Isfehan Province" Journal Social Welfare Tenth Year, no. 37(In Persian)

Bashiriyeh, H.( 2004). "Rationalism In Politics", Tehran, Contemporary Look, First Published (In Persian)

Bremer, S.(1994).Comparison Of The Muslim Schools Of Education Standards And Comparison With Region Of Tehran, In Terms Of Human Resources, Finance, Materials, Equipment And Training Spaces. Master's Thesis, Faculty Of Psychology And Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University(In Persian)

Bossert W, Fleurbaey M, Van De Gaer D. (1999). Responsibility, Talent, And Compensation: A Second-Best Analysis. Review Of Economic Design 4: 35– 55.

Cohen, g. A. 1989. “On The Currency Of Egalitarian Justice.” Ethics 99: 906–944

Dehghani,S.(2005). "Evaluation Of Educational Opportunities In The Second And Third Development Programs In Fars Province," Ma Thesis, University Of Isfahan, Faculty Of Educational Sciences And Psychology(In Persian)

Dworkin, Ronald. Sovereign Virtue: The Theory And Practice Of Equality. Cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press 2000

Dworkin, Ronald. What is equality? Part 1: Equality Of Welfare, Philosophy And Public Affairs, vol. 10, no. 3. (Summer, 1981a), pp. 185-246.

Dworkin, Ronald. What is equality? Part 2: Equality Of Resources, Philosophy And Public Affairs, vol. 10, no. 4. (autumn, 1981b), pp. 283-345

Haqiqi.I.(2012). Reginal Sam For Iran, Ses University. Tehran(In Persian)

Haqiqi, I., & Mortazavi Kakhaki, M. (2012). The Impact of Redistribution of Opportunities on Income Inequality: A CGE Approach. Journal of Economic Modeling Research, 2(7): 51-73. (In Persian)

Isfahan Secondary Education Planning Committee.(1989). Unequal Access To Educational Opportunities In The Province, The Department Of Education Department Of Secondary Education(In Persian)

Ismaielsar , J. (1993) Evaluation Of Different Regions Of Kurdistan Nessesery Educating Indivisuals Access To Educational Opportunities In The Years 1986 And 1991 And Provide Scientific Solutions To Achieve A Balanced Educational Opportunities. Master's Thesis, Department Of Educational Sciences And Psychology, University Of Isfahan.(In Persian)

Jalali, M.R. (2007). Analyzing The Relationship Between Social Inequality And Educational Inequality By Emphasizing The Role Of Intermediate Variables. Journal Of Education, Year23, No.3(In Persian)

Kaleydary, Mh.(1374).Evaluation Of The Inequality Of Educational Opportunities In The Province During The First Program72-68s. Master's thesis ,Faculty Of Education And Psychology ,Allameh Tabatabai University(in Persian)

Khodabash, A.(1994).Comparing The Educational Inequality Of Educational Opportunity Between Regions Of Gilan In Public Secondary School Years7, 67-66. Master's Thesis, Faculty Of Education And Psychology ,Allameh Tabatabai University(In Persian)

Kovacevic,M .(2010). "Measurement Of Inequality In Human Development – A Review". United Nations Development Program

Kranich, L. (1996). Equitable Opportunities: An Axiomatic Approach. Journal Of Economic Theory 71: 131–147.

Lashkari, M.(2009).Economic Development And Planning, Payam Noor University (In Persian)

Motahari, m. (1989). Islam And The Requirements Of Time, 1, Tehran: Sadra Publication(In Persian)

Manzoor, D., Shahmoradi, A., & Haqiqi, I. (2010). An Assessment of the Impact of Reducing Implicit and Explicit Energy Subsidies in Iran; Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model Based on a Modified Micro Consistent Matrix. Quarterly Energy Economics Review, 7(26): 21-54.

Nabizadeh Sarabandi, S(2003)Ranking School Districtsin Sistan And Baluchistan Regions Of The Educational Opportunities The School Year81-80, The Education Of Sistan And Baluchestan. (In Presian)

Nadry, K., Ghelich, W.(2009). The Role Of State In Improving Income Distribution, Journal Of Islamic Economics ,no. 35, Fall2009(In Persian)

Norouzi, d. Et al.(1986).Evaluation Database Socially, Economically, Culturally ,Mazandaran University, Babolsar , Deputy Of Mazandaran University(In Persian)

Nunez, J, Tartakowsky, A.(2007) Inequality Of Outcomes Vs. Inequality Of Opportunities In A Developing Country An Exploratory Analysis For Chile, Estudios De Economia, Vol34-N 2,P 185-202.

Ok Ea .(1997). On Opportunity Inequality Measurement. Journal Of Economic Theory 77: 300–329.

Peragine, V. (1999). The Distribution And Redistribution Of Opportunity. Journal Of Economic Surveys 13: 37–70.

Roemer, John E. (1996). Theories Of Distributive Justice. Cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press

Roemer, John E. (1998). Equality Of Opportunity, Cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Press

Roemer, J. (2000). “Equality Of Opportunity”, In Meritocracy And Economic Inequality, Keneth Arrow, Samuel Bowles And Steven Durlauf, Editors,Princeton University Press, New Jersey.

Roemer, J.(2001). Three Egalitarian Views And American Law, Law And Philosophy, Vol. 20, no. 4 (jul., 2001), pp. 433-460

Roemer, J. (2006). "Economic Development As Opportunity Equalization". Yale University.

Rutherford, t. F. (1995) Extensions Of Gams For Complementarity Problems Arising In Applied Economics. Journal of economic dynamics and control 19(8):1299–1324, 1995.

Rutherford,t.f.(1994). Applied General Equilibrium Modeling With Mpsge As A Gams Subsystem, Manuscript, Department Of Economics, University Of Colorado, Boulder.

Rutherford, Thomas F. D., Sigrist. (2010). What If? Policy Analysis With Calibrated Equilibrium Models. In: Cepe Working Paper Series. Repec:cee:wpcepe:10-72.

Rutherford, Thomas F. Christoph, Böhringer. (2009) Integrated Assessment Of Energy Policies: Decomposing Top-Down And Bottom-Up. In: Journal Of Economic Dynamics And Control.

Sadr,Mb .(1971).Our Economy First Volume, Translated By Mkmousavi, Islamicpublicationinstitute, Tehran(In Persian)

Samari, I. (1998). Evaluation Of The Primary Education System Quality Of Inputs And Outputs Improve Its Relationship With The City Of Ardabil In The76-75school Year. Master's thesis, Faculty Of Psychology And Educational Sciences At Tehran University. (In Persian)

Sen, Amartya K. (1980). “Equality Of What?” In s. Mcmurrin, ed., Tanner Lectures On Human Values,Vol i. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.

Shahmoradi, A., Haqiqi, I., & Zahedi, R. (2011). Impact Analysis of Energy Price Reform and Cash Subsidy Payment in Iran: A CGE Approach. Quarterly Journal of Economic Research and Policy, 19(57): 5-30 (In Persian)

Sorkh, E.(2007).Educational Inequality And Spatial Inequality In The Tribal And Regional (case 81-1380 Primary School In West Azerbaijan Province. Quarterly Journal Of Education, 23 (3) (In Persian)

Thomas, Wang, Fan. (2001). "Measuring Education Inequality - Gini Coefficients Of Education". The World Bank

Weymark, J. (1981). Generalized Gini Inequality Indices. Mathematical Social Sciences 1: 409–430.

Weymark, J. (2003). "Generalized Gini Indices Of Equality Of Opportunity". Journal Of Economic Inequality 1 (1): 5–24.