Nyagweta, David Tinashe (2024): A gender comparison of factors associated with time use towards unpaid domestic, caregiving services and selfcare in Kenya.
PDF
MPRA_paper_122442.pdf Download (344kB) |
Abstract
Surveys and respective research on time use and associated factors such as gender is well established, yet studies still lag on several countries in Africa. This has been a reality for Kenya which is ranked 14 and 77 on the continent and globally for in terms of Gender Gap Index. Using Kenya’s first ever nationally representative time use survey; 2021 Kenya Time Use Survey (KTUS) this study examined factors associated with time allocation towards unpaid labour, and self-care. The study reveals that despite increased female labour market participation and gender-focused policies, women still dedicate more time to unpaid work and less to personal well-being. Key factors such as marital status, education, employment, and household structure are analysed, showing significant gender disparities in time use. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to address gender inequities in time use and promote well-being.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | A gender comparison of factors associated with time use towards unpaid domestic, caregiving services and selfcare in Kenya |
English Title: | A gender comparison of factors associated with time use towards unpaid domestic, caregiving services and selfcare in Kenya |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | Time use; self-care; well-being |
Subjects: | J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J1 - Demographic Economics > J10 - General J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J1 - Demographic Economics > J16 - Economics of Gender ; Non-labor Discrimination J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J7 - Labor Discrimination > J71 - Discrimination J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J8 - Labor Standards: National and International > J80 - General Z - Other Special Topics > Z1 - Cultural Economics ; Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology > Z13 - Economic Sociology ; Economic Anthropology ; Social and Economic Stratification |
Item ID: | 122442 |
Depositing User: | Mr David Tinashe Nyagweta |
Date Deposited: | 31 Oct 2024 17:32 |
Last Modified: | 31 Oct 2024 17:32 |
References: | Agesa, R. U., & Agesa, J. (2019). Time Spent On Household Chores (Fetching Water) And The Alternatives Forgone For Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Kenya. The Journal of Developing Areas, 53(2), 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2019.0019 Ahinkorah, B. O., Hagan, J. E., Jr., Ameyaw, E. K., Seidu, A.-A., & Schack, T. (2021). COVID-19 Pandemic Worsening Gender Inequalities for Women and Girls in Sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Global Women’s Health, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2021.686984 Amarante, V., & Rossel, C. (2017). Unfolding Patterns of Unpaid Household Work in Latin America. Feminist Economics, 24(1), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2017.1344776 Arora, D. (2015). Gender Differences in Time-Poverty in Rural Mozambique. Review of Social Economy, 73(2), 196–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/00346764.2015.1035909 Bargaining power and the household division of labour: Evidence from 2008 China time-use survey. (2016). Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 31(1), 63–85. https://doi.org/10.18356/bb63671b-en Baxter, J., & Tai, T. (2016). Inequalities in Unpaid Work: A Cross-National Comparison. In M. L. Connerley & J. Wu (Eds.), Handbook on Well-Being of Working Women (pp. 653–671). Springer Netherlands. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9897-6_36 Campaña, J. C., Giménez-Nadal, J. I., & Molina, J. A. (2020). Self-employed and Employed Mothers in Latin American Families: Are There Differences in Paid Work, Unpaid Work, and Child Care? Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 41(1), 52–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-020-09660-5 Carmichael, F., Darko, C. K., Daley, P., Duberley, J., Ercolani, M., Schwanen, T., & Wheatley, D. (2023). Time poverty and gender in urban sub‐Saharan Africa: Long working days and long commutes in Ghana’s Greater Accra Metropolitan Area. Journal of International Development, 36(1), 343–364. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3817 Charmes, J., 2015. Time use across the world: Findings of a world compilation of time use surveys. Background Paper for Human Development Report. Charmes, J., Wieringa, S. E., Ruzvidzo, T., & Rosalie, G. (2023). The African Gender and Development Index: an engendered and culturally sensitive statistical tool. Frontiers in Sociology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1114095 Clark, S., De Almada, M., Kabiru, C. W., Muthuri, S., & Wanjohi, M. (2018). Balancing paid work and child care in a slum of Nairobi, Kenya: the case for centre-based child care. Journal of Family Studies, 27(1), 93–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/13229400.2018.1511451 Dilli, S., Carmichael, S. G., & Rijpma, A. (2018). Introducing the Historical Gender Equality Index. Feminist Economics, 25(1), 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2018.1442582 Dinkelman, T., & Ngai, L. R. (2022). Time Use and Gender in Africa in Times of Structural Transformation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 36(1), 57–80. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.36.1.57 Ervin, J., Taouk, Y., Alfonzo, L. F., Hewitt, B., & King, T. (2022). Gender differences in the association between unpaid labour and mental health in employed adults: a systematic review. The Lancet Public Health, 7(9), e775–e786. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(22)00160-8 Espino, I., Hermeto, A., & Luz, L. (2022). Gender differences in time allocation to paid and unpaid work: evidence from urban households in Guatemala, 2000–2014. Community, Work & Family, 27(2), 154–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2022.2130032 Hyde, E., Greene, M. E., & Darmstadt, G. L. (2020). Time poverty: Obstacle to women’s human rights, health and sustainable development. Journal of Global Health, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.10.020313 Jagoe, K., Rossanese, M., Charron, D., Rouse, J., Waweru, F., Waruguru, M., Delapena, S., Piedrahita, R., Livingston, K., & Ipe, J. (2020). Sharing the burden: Shifts in family time use, agency and gender dynamics after introduction of new cookstoves in rural Kenya. Energy Research & Social Science, 64, 101413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101413 Janiso, A., Shukla, P. K., & Reddy A, B. (2024). What explains the gender gap in unpaid housework and care work in India? Development Policy Review, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12730 Kassie, M., Ndiritu, S. W., & Stage, J. (2014). What Determines Gender Inequality in Household Food Security in Kenya? Application of Exogenous Switching Treatment Regression. World Development, 56, 153–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.025 Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (2023). Kenya Time Use survey 2021 (KTUS 2021). [dataset]. Version 001. Nairobi: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics [producer], 2023. Nairobi: Kenya National Data Archive [distributor], 2023. Available at: https://statistics.knbs.or.ke/nada/index.php/catalog/127 Kenyatta, G.N. (2023). Toward Inclusive Advancement: An Analysis of Gender Equity in Kenya. Journal of International Women's Studies, 25(2), 2-15. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol25/iss2/9 Kolpashnikova, K., & Kan, M.-Y. (2020). The gender gap in the United States: Housework across racialized groups. Demographic Research, 43(6), 1067–1080. https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2020.43.36 Muraya, K., Ogutu, M., Mwadhi, M., Mikusa, J., Okinyi, M., Magawi, C., Zakayo, S., Njeru, R., Haribondhu, S., Uddin, Md. F., Marsh, V., Walson, J. L., Berkley, J., & Molyneux, S. (2021). Applying a gender lens to understand pathways through care for acutely ill young children in Kenyan urban informal settlements. International Journal for Equity in Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01349-3 Mwangi, A.W., 2018. A comparison of the socio-economic status of female-headed and male-headed households in Kenya: Use of Ordinal Logistic Regression (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Nackerdien, F., & Yu, D. (2022). Defining and measuring time poverty in South Africa. Development Southern Africa, 40(3), 560–579. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835x.2022.2028606 Njau, P.K., 2017. Single Mothers and Parenting in Kenya: the Case of Zimmerman, Nairobi County (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi). Nichols, A. (2010). Regression for nonnegative skewed dependent variables. [Online] Available at: https://www.stata.com/meeting/boston10/boston10_nichols.pdf (Accessed: 5 March 2024). Sinha, A. and Sahai, R., 2021. Factors Influencing Unpaid Domestic Work: Empirical Evidence from India. IASSI-Quarterly, 40(3), pp.541-566. Six, S., Musomi, S., & Deschepper, R. (2018). Are the Elderly Perceived as a Burden to Society? The Perspective of Family Caregivers in Belgium and Kenya: A Comparative Study. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 30(2), 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659618784358 Stampini, M., Oliveri, M. L., Ibarrarán, P., Londoño, D., Rhee, H. J. (Sean), & James, G. M. (2020). Working Less to Take Care of Parents?: Labor Market Effects of Family Long-Term Care in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002738 State Department for Economic Planning (2023) The First Kenya Time Use Survey Report launched Nairobi, 18th October, 2023. [online] Available at: https://www.planning.go.ke/the-first-kenya-time-use-survey-report-launched-nairobi-18th-october-2023/ [Accessed 13 Mar. 2024] Treas, J., & Tai, T. (2016). Gender Inequality in Housework Across 20 European Nations: Lessons from Gender Stratification Theories. Sex Roles, 74(11–12), 495–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0575-9 Williams, A., Wood, S. N., Stuart, H. C., Wamue-Ngare, G., Thiongo, M., Gichangi, P., Devoto, B., & Decker, M. R. (2022). Gendered time use during COVID-19 among adolescents and young adults in Nairobi, Kenya. eClinicalMedicine, 49, 101479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101479 Williams, A., Wood, S. N., Stuart, H. C., Wamue-Ngare, G., Thiongo, M., Gichangi, P., Devoto, B., & Decker, M. R. (2022). Gendered time use during COVID-19 among adolescents and young adults in Nairobi, Kenya. eClinicalMedicine, 49, 101479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101479 Wooldridge, J.M. (2010). Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, 2nd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. World Economic Forum. (2023). Global Gender Gap Report 2023. World Economic Forum: Cologny/Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2023.pdf Yamamura, E., & Tsutsui, Y. (2019). Spousal age gap and identity and their impact on the allocation of housework. Empirical Economics, 60(2), 1059–1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01785-3 Yamamura, E., & Tsutsui, Y. (2021). Spousal age gap and identity and their impact on the allocation of housework. Empirical Economics, 60(2), 1059–1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-019-01785-3 Yoon, J. (2010). Gender Norms, Housework, and Class: A Study of Korean Time Use Survey. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 16(3), 112–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2010.11666094 Zilanawala, A. (2016). Women’s Time Poverty and Family Structure. Journal of Family Issues, 37(3), 369–392. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x14542432 |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/122442 |