Dumont, Michel (2004): The Impact of International Trade with Newly Industrialised Countries on the Wages and Employment of Low-Skilled and High-Skilled Workers in the European Union.
Preview |
PDF
MPRA_paper_83525.pdf Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
In this thesis I give an account of own empirical work on the impact of international trade with Newly Industrialised Countries on the wages and employment of low-skilled and high-skilled workers in the European Union, based on data for a panel of EU countries.
Item Type: | MPRA Paper |
---|---|
Original Title: | The Impact of International Trade with Newly Industrialised Countries on the Wages and Employment of Low-Skilled and High-Skilled Workers in the European Union |
Language: | English |
Keywords: | International trade; EU; Newly Industrialised Countries, Wage inequality |
Subjects: | F - International Economics > F1 - Trade > F14 - Empirical Studies of Trade F - International Economics > F1 - Trade > F16 - Trade and Labor Market Interactions F - International Economics > F2 - International Factor Movements and International Business > F23 - Multinational Firms ; International Business F - International Economics > F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization > F66 - Labor F - International Economics > F6 - Economic Impacts of Globalization > F68 - Policy J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J3 - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs > J31 - Wage Level and Structure ; Wage Differentials J - Labor and Demographic Economics > J5 - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining > J51 - Trade Unions: Objectives, Structure, and Effects |
Item ID: | 83525 |
Depositing User: | Michel Dumont |
Date Deposited: | 30 Dec 2017 13:55 |
Last Modified: | 29 Sep 2019 22:47 |
References: | Abowd J. and T. Lemieux (1993), ’The Effects of Product Market Competition on Collective Bargaining Agreements: The Case of Foreign Competition in Canada’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 108, 983-1014. Abraham, F. and E. Brock (2003), ‘Sectoral Employment Effects of Trade and Productivity in Europe’, Applied Economics 35, 223-238. Abramovitz, M. (1956), ‘Resource and Output Trends in the United States since 1870’, American Economic Review 46 (2), 5-23. Abrego, L. and T.H. Edwards (2002), The Relevance of the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem to the Trade and Wage Debate, CSGR Working Paper 96/02, Centre for the Study of Globalisation and Regionalisation- University of Warwick, Coventry. Acemoglu, D. (1999), Patterns in Skill Premia, NBER Working Paper 7018, Cambridge (MA). Acemoglu, D. (2002), Cross-Country Inequality Trends, NBER Working Paper 8832, Cambridge (MA). Acemoglu, D., Aghion, P. and G.L. Violante (2001), ’Deunionization, Technical Change and Inequality’, Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy 55, 229-264. Agell, J. (1999), ’On the Benefits from Rigid Labour Markets: Norms, Market Failures, and Social Insurance’, The Economic Journal 109, F143-F164. Aidt, T. and Z. Tzannatos (2002), Unions and Collective Bargaining: Economic Effects in a Global Environment, World Bank, Washington (DC). Anderson, R.G. and J.G. Thursby (1986), ’Confidence Intervals for Elasticity Estimators in Translog Models’, Review of Economics and Statistics 68, 647-656. Anderton, R. and P. Brenton (1999), ’Outsourcing and Low-skilled Workers in the UK’, Bulletin of Economic Research 51 (4), 267-285. Anderton, R., Brenton, P. and E. Oscarsson (2002), ’What’s Trade got to do with it? Relative Demand for Skills within Swedish Manufacturing’, Review of World Economics 138 (4), 628-651. Antweiler, W. and D. Trefler (2000), Increasing Returns and All That: A View from Trade, NBER Working Paper 7941, Cambridge (MA). Arndt, S.W (1997), ’Globalization and the Open Economy’, North American Journal of Economics and Finance 8 (1), 71-79. Arndt, S. W. and H. Kierzkowski (eds.) (2001), Fragmentation: New Production and Trade Patterns in the World Economy, Oxford University Press, Oxford (UK). Atkinson, A.B. (1996), ‘Income distribution in Europe and the United States’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy 12 (1), 15-28. Baldwin, R.E. and G.G. Cain (1997), Shifts in U.S. Relative Wages: The Role of Trade, Technology and Factor Endowments, NBER Working Paper 5964, Cambridge (MA). Baltagi, B.H. and C. Kao (2000), ‘Nonstationary Panels, Cointegration in Panels and Dynamic Panels: a Survey’, in: B.H. Baltagi (ed.), Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels, Elsevier Science, New York, 7-51. Barnett, W.A. (1985), ’The Minflex-Laurent Translog Flexible Functional Form’, Journal of Econometrics 30, 33-44. Barnett, W.A., Lee, Y.W. and M.D. Wolfe (1985), ‘The Three-Dimensional Global Properties of the Minflex Laurent, Generalized Leontief, and Translog Flexible Functional Forms’, Journal of Econometrics 30, 3-31. Barro, R.J. and J.W. Lee (1996), ’International Measures of Schooling Years and Schooling Quality’, American Economic Review (Papers and Proceedings) 86 (2), 218-223. Barro, R.J. and J.W. Lee (2001), ’International Data on Educational Attainment: Updates and Implications’, Oxford Economic Papers 53 (3), 541-563. Baumol, W.J., Panzar, J.C. and R.D. Willig (1982), Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York. Berman, E., Bound, J. and Z. Griliches (1993), Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labor within U.S. Manufacturing Industries: Evidence from the Annual Survey of Manufacturing, NBER Working Paper 4255, Cambridge (published (1994) in Quarterly Journal of Economics 109 (2), 367-397). Berman, E., Bound, J. and S. Machin (1998), ‘Implications of Skill-Biased Technological Change: International Evidence’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 113 (4), 1245-1279. Bernard, A.B. and J.B. Jensen (1997), ‘Exporters, Skill Upgrading, and the Wage Gap’, Journal of International Economics 42, 3-31. Berndt, E.R. and D.Hesse (1986), ’Measuring and Assessing Capacity Utilisation in the Manufacturing Sector of Nine OECD Countries’, European Economic Review 30 (5), 961- 989. Berndt, E.R. and M.S. Khaled (1979), ’Parametric Productivity Measurement and Choice among Flexible Functional Forms’, Journal of Political Economy 87 (6), 1220-1245. Berndt, E.R. and D.O. Wood (1982), ’The Specification and Measurement of Technical Change in U.S. Manufacturing’, Advances in the Economics of Energy and Resources 4, 199-221. Bernstein, J. and L. Mishel (1997), ‘Has Wage Inequality stopped growing?’, Monthly Labour Review December, 3-16. Bhagwati, J. (1991), Free Traders and Free Immigrationists: Strangers or Friends?, Working Paper 20, Russel Sage Foundation, New York. Bhagwati, J. (1995), ‘Trade and Wages: Choosing Among Alternative Explanations’, FRBNY Economic Policy Review(January), 42-47. Bhagwati, J. (1998), Play it Again, Sam: A New Look at Trade and Wages, paper presented at Yale University Conference in Honor of T.N. Srinivasan’s 65th birthday, 27-28 March, mimeo. Bhagwati, J. and V. Dehejia (1994), ‘Freer Trade and Wages of the Unskilled: Is Marx Striking Again?’, in: Bhagwati, J. and M.H. Kosters (eds.), Trade and Wages: Leveling Wages Down?, American Enterprise Institute Press, Washington (DC). Blanchflower, D.G., Oswald, A.J. and P. Sanfey (1992), Wages, Profits and Rent-sharing, NBER Working Paper 4222, Cambridge (MA). Blau, F.D. and L.M. Kahn (1996), ’Institutional Differences in Male Wage Inequality: Institutions versus Market Forces’, Journal of Political Economy 104, 791-837. Bluestone, B. and B. Harrison (1982), The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closing, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Industry, Basic Books, New York. Blundell, R., Bond, S. and F. Windmeijer (2000), ’Estimation in Dynamic Panel Data Models: Improving on the Performance of the Standard GMM Estimator’, in: B.H. Baltagi (ed.), Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels, Elsevier Science, New York, 53-91. Booth A. (1995), The Economics of the Trade Union, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (UK). Borjas, G.J., Freeman, R.B. and L.F. Katz (1991), On the Labour Market Effects of Immigration and Trade, NBER Working Paper 3761, Cambridge (published (1992) in Borjas, G.J. and R.B. Katz (eds.), Immigration and the Work Force, University of Chicago- NBER, Chicago, 213- 244). Borjas, G.J. and V.A. Ramey (1993), ’Foreign Competition, Market Power, and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence’, NBER Working Paper 4556, Cambridge (published (1995) in Quarterly Journal of Economics 110 (4), 1075-1110). Borjas, G.J. and V.A. Ramey (1994),’Time-Series Evidence on the Sources of Trends in Wage Inequality’, American Economic Review 84 (2), 10-16. Bound, J. and G. Johnson (1992), ’Changes in the Structure of Wages in the 1980’s: An Evaluation of Alternative Explanations’, American Economic Review 82 (3), 371-392. Bowen, H.P., Leamer, E.E. and L. Sveikauskas (1987), ‘Multicountry, Multifactor Tests of the Factor Abundance Theory’, American Economic Review 77 (5), 791-809. Bowsher, C.G. (2002), ’On Testing Overidentifying Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models’, Economics Letters 77 (2), 211-220. Brecher, R. (1974), ’Minimum Wage Rates and the Pure Theory of International Trade’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 88, 98-116. Breitung, J. (2000),‘The Local Power of some Unit Root Tests for Panel Data’, in: B.H. Baltagi (ed.), Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels, Elsevier Science, New York, 161-177. Bughin, J. (1991), Wage premia, Price-Cost Margins and Bargaining over Employment in Belgian Manufacturing: an Analysis of Distinct Behavior among Various Skilled Workers, Working Paper 9112, IRES- Université Catholique de Louvain. Bughin, J. (1993), ’Union-Firm Efficient Bargaining and Test of Oligoplistic Conduct’, Review of Economics and Statistics 75 (3), 563-467. Bughin, J. (1996), ’Trade Unions and Firms’ Product Market Power’, The Journal of Industrial Economics 44, 289-307. Burda, M. and B. Dluhosch (2001), Fragmentation, Globalization and Labour Markets, GEP Research Paper 2001/5, GEP- Leverhulme Centre, Nottingham. Burkett, J.P. (2000), ‘Cones of Diversification in a Model of International Comparative Advantage’, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development 9 (2), 193-211. Burtless, G. (1995), ’International Trade and the Rise in Earnings Inequality’, Journal of Economic Literature 33, 800-816. Card, D., Lemieux, T. and W.C. Riddell (2003), Unionization and Wage Inequality: A Comparative Study of the US, the UK, and Canada, NBER Working Paper 9473, Cambridge (MA). Caves, D.W. and L.R. Christensen (1980), ’Global Properties of Flexible Functional Forms’, American Economic Review 70, 422-432. Chipman, J.S. (2001), Notes on the Duality between Production and Cost Functions: A Differentiable Approach, University of Minnesota, mimeo. Choudri, E.U. and D.S. Hakura (2001), International Trade in Manufactured Products: A Ricardo- Heckscher-Ohlin Explanation with Monopolistic Competition, IMF Working Paper 01/41, Washington (DC). Christensen, L.R., Jorgensen, D.W. and L.J. Lau(1971), ’Conjugate Duality and the Transcedental Logarithmic Production Function’, Econometrica 39 (4), 255-256. Christensen, L.R., Jorgensen, D.W. and L.J. Lau(1973),’Transcedental Logarithmic Production Frontiers’, Review of Economics and Statistics 55, 28-45. Chusseau, N. (2002), La Montée des Inégalités de Salaires et d’Emploi dans les Economies Avancées: Les Interactions entre Ouverture et Progrès Technique, These de Doctorat, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille. Cline, W.R. (1997), Trade and Income Distribution, Institute for International Economics,Washington (DC). Coe, D.T. and E. Helpman (1995), ’International R&D Spillovers’, European Economic Review 39, 859-87. Coe, D.T., Helpman, E. and A. Hoffmaister (1995), North-South R&D Spillovers, NBER Working Paper 5048, Cambridge (MA). Coppel, J., Dumont, J.-C. and I. Visco (2001), Trends in Immigration and Economic Consequences, Economics Department Working Paper 284, OECD, Paris. Cortes, O. and S. Jean (1998),‘Does Competition of Emerging Countries threaten Unskilled Labour in Europe? An Applied General Equilibrium Approach’, in: Brenton, P. and J. Pelkmans (eds.), Global Trade and European Workers, MacMillan, London, 96-122. Cuyvers, L., Dumont, M., Rayp, G., Stevens, K. and D. Van Den Bulcke (2001 a), Analysis of the Influence of The Trade Flows between the Community and the Emerging Economies, differentiated according to Sectors and Countries of Origin and Destination, on Wage and Employment Developments in the EU, final report prepared for the European Commission-Directorate General for Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs (DG V). Cuyvers, L., Dumont, M., Rayp, G., Stevens, K. and D. Van Den Bulcke (2001 b), Analysis of the Influence of Outward Direct Investment from the Community towards Emerging Economies, on Employment Developments in the EU, final report prepared for the European Commission- Directorate General for Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs (DG V). Cuyvers, L., Dumont, M., Rayp, G. and K. Stevens(2003), ‘Wage and Employment Effects in the EU of International Trade with the Emerging Economies, Review of World Economics 139 (2), 248-275. Cuyvers, L., Dumont, M. and G. Rayp (2003),‘The Impact of International Trade with Asian Newly Industrialized Countries on Wages in the European Union’, Asian Economic Journal 17 (4), 361-387. Cuyvers L., Dumont M. and G. Rayp (2004), ’International Trade and the Income Position of Low- Skilled and High-Skilled Workers in the European Union’, in: Anderton, B., Brenton, J. and J. Whalley (eds.), Globalization and the Labour Market: Trade, Technology and Unskilled Workers, Routledge, London, forthcoming. Daveri, F. and G. Tabellini (2000), ‘Unemployment, Growth and Taxation in Industrial Countries’, Economic Policy April, 49-90. Davidson, R. and J.G. MacKinnon (1981), ’Several Tests for Model Specification in the Presence of Alternative Hypotheses’, Econometrica 49, 781-793. Davidson, R. and J.G. MacKinnon (1993), Estimation and Inference in Econometrics, Oxford University Press, New York. Davis, D.R. (1996),Trade Liberalization and Income Distribution, NBER Working Paper 5693, Cambridge (MA). Davis, D.R. (1998 a), ‘Technology, Unemployment and Relative Wages in a Global Economy’, European Economic Review 42, 1613-1633. Davis, D.R. (1998 b), ’Does European Unemployment Prop Up American Wages?: National Labor Markets and Global Trade’, American Economic Review 88, 478-494. Deardorff, A.V. (1994 a), ‘Comments and Discussion’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1, 70- 74. Deardorff, A.V. (1994 b), ‘Overview of the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem’, in: Deardorff, A.V. and R.M. Stern (eds.), The Stolper-Samuelson Theorem: A Golden Jubilee, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. Deardorff, A.V. (1995), Determinants of Bilateral Trade; Does Gravity work in a Neo-classic World?, NBER Working Paper 5377, Cambridge (MA). Deardorff, A.V. (1998 a), Technology, Trade, and Increasing Inequality: Does the Cause Matter for the Cure?, RSIE Discussion Paper 428, School of Public Policy, University of Michigan. Deardorff, A.V. (1998 b), Fragmentation across Cones, RSIE Discussion Paper 427, School of Public Policy, University of Michigan. Deardorff, A.V. (1998 c), Technology, Trade, and Increasing Inequality: Does the Cause Matter for the Cure?, RSIE Discussion Paper 428, School of Public Policy, University of Michigan. Deardorff, A.V. (1999), Policy Implications of the Trade and Wage Debate, RSIE Discussion Paper 440, School of Public Policy, University of Michigan. Deardorff, A.V. (2000), ’Factor Prices and the Factor Content of Trade Revisited: What’s the Use?’, Journal of International Economics 50, 73-90. Deardorff, A.V. (2002), Introduction to Two-Cone HO Equilibrium, mimeo. Deardorff, A.V. and D.S. Hakura (1994),’Trade and Wages-What are the Questions?’, in: Bhagwati, J. and M.H. Kosters(eds.), Trade and Wages: Leveling Wages Down?, American Enterprise Institute Press, Washington (DC), 76-107. Dehez, P., de la Croix, D. and E. Toulemonde(1999), ’Efficient Bargaining with Underutilization of Labor’, Journal of Economics 69 (2), 127-139. Dewatripont, M., Sapir, A. and K. Sekkat (1999), ‘Labour Market Effects of Trade with LDCs in Europe', in: Dewatripont, M., Sapir, A. and K. Sekkat (eds.), Trade and Jobs in Europe- Much Ado About Nothing?, Oxford University Press, Oxford (NY), 60-78. Diewert, W.E. (1971), ’An Application of the Shepard Duality Theorem: A Generalized Leontief Production Function’, Journal of Political Economy 79, 481-507. Diewert, W.E. (1982), ’Duality Approaches to Microeconomic Theory’, in: Arrow, K.J. and M. Intriligator (eds.), Handbook of Mathematical Economics (Volume 2), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 535-599. Diewert , W.E. and T.J. Wales (1987), ‘Flexible Functional Forms and Global Curvature Conditions’, Econometrica 55 (1), 43-68. Dinopoulos, E. and P. Segerstrom (1999), ‘A Schumpeterian Model of Protection and Relative Wages’, American Economic Review 89 (3), 450-472. Dinopoulos, E., Syropoulos, C. and B. Xu (2002), Intra- Industry Trade and Wage-Income Inequality, University of Florida, mimeo. Dixit, A.K. and J.E. Stiglitz (1977),‘Monopolistic Competition and Optimum Product Diversity’, American Economic Review 67 (3), 297-308. Dollar, D. and A. Kraay (2004), 'Trade, Growth, and Povery', The Economic Journal 114 (February), F22-F49. Dumont, M., Rayp, G., Thas, O. and P. Willemé (2003), Correcting Standard Errors in Two-stage Estimation Procedures with Generated Regressands, Universiteit Gent Working Paper 03/172. Dumont M., Rayp G. and P. Willemé (2004), Does Internationalization Affect Union Bargaining Power? An Empirical Study for Five EU Countries, paper to be presented at the 19th Meeting of the European Economic Association to be held in Madrid, August 20-24. Dumont, M. and A. Tsakanikas (2001), ‘Knowledge Spillovers through R&D Networking’, in: OECD (ed.) Innovative Firm Networks: Co-operation in National Innovation Systems, OECD, Paris, 209-231. Dumont, M. and A. Tsakanikas (2004), ‘The Evolution of Intra- and Inter-sector Knowledge Spillovers in the EU Framework Programmes’, in: Caloghirou, Y., Constantelou, N. and N. Vonortas (eds.) Knowledge Flows in European Industry: Mechanisms and Policy Implications, Routledge, London, forthcoming. Egger, H. and P. Egger (2000), Outsourcing and Skill-specific Employment in a Small Open Economy: Austria and the Fall of the Iron Curtain, Arbeitspapier 24, Institut für Volkswirtschaftslehre- Johannes Kepler Universität Linz(published (2003) in Oxford Economic Papers 55, 625- 643). Engle, R.F. and C. Granger (1987), ’Cointegration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation and Testing’, Econometrica 55 (2), 251-276. Ethier, W.J (1984), ‘Higher Dimensional Issues in Trade Theory’, in: Jones, R.W. and P.B. Kenen (eds.), Handbook of International Economics, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 131-184. Ethier, W.J. (2002), Globalization, Globalisation: Trade, Technology, and Wages, PIER Working Paper 02-031, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Philadelphia. European Commission (2003), The European Union Labour Force Survey- Methods and Definitions, European Communities, Luxembourg. European Communities (2003), European Integration and the Functioning of Product Markets, Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, Special Report number 2, Brussels. Falvey, R. and H. Kierzkowski (1987), ‘Product Quality, Intra-industry Trade and (Im)perfect Competition’, in: H. Kierzkowski (ed.), Protection and Competition in International Trade, Blackwell, Oxford, 143-161. Federal Planning Bureau (2000), Relocation, Innovation and Employment, Brussels. Feenstra, R.C. (1998),‘Integration of Trade and Disintegration of Production in the Global Economy, Journal of Economic Perspectives 12, 31-50. Feenstra, R.C. and G. Hanson (1996), ’Foreign Investment, Outsourcing, and Relative Wages’, in: Feenstra R.C., Grossman, G.M. and D.A. Irwin (eds.), Political Economy of Trade Policy, MIT Press, Cambridge, 89-127. Feenstra, R.C., and G.H. Hanson (1997), Productivity Measurement and the Impact of Trade and Technology on Wages: estimates for the US, 1972-1990, NBER Working Paper 6052, Cambridge (MA). Feenstra, R. C. and G. H. Hanson (1999), ’The Impact of Outsourcing and High-Technology Capital on Wages: Estimates for the United States’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 114(3), 907-940. Feenstra, R.C. and G.H. Hanson (2001), Global Production Sharing and Rising Inequality: A Survey of Trade and Wages, NBER Working Paper 8372, Cambridge (MA). Forbes, K.J. (2001), ‘Skill Classification does matter: estimating the Relationship between Trade Flows and Wage Inequality’, Journal of International Trade and Economic Development 10 (2), 175-210. Forney, M. (2004), ’Tug-Of-War Over Trade’, Time Magazine, February 24th. Francois, J.N and D. Nelson (1998), ‘Trade, Technology, and Wages: General Equilibrium Mechanics’, The Economic Journal 108, 1483-1499. Freeman, R.B. (1980), ’Unionism and the Dispersion of Wages’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 34 (1), 3-23. Freeman, R.B. and R. Gibbons (1993), Getting Together and Breaking Apart: The Decline of Centralised Collective Bargaining, NBER Working Paper 4464, Cambridge (MA). Freeman, R. and A. Revenga (1999), ’How Much Has LDC Trade Affected Western Job Markets?’, in: Dewatripont, M., Sapir, A. and K. Sekkat (eds.), Trade and Jobs in Europe: Much Ado about Nothing?, Oxford University Press, Oxford (NY), 8-32. Frondel, M. and C.M. Schmidt (2003), ‘Rejecting Capital-skill Complementarity at all Costs’, Economics Letters 80(1), 15-21. Gaston, N. (1998), Outsourcing Jobs and Enterprise-level Bargaining: 'Cheshire Cat' Unions Revisited?', Seminar Paper 98-07, Centre For International Economic Studies, University of Adelaide. Gaston, N. and D. Nelson (1997), Globalisation and Wages in OECD Economies: Linking Theory with Evidence, paper prepared for “Globalisation and Employment Patterns: Policy, Theory, and Evidence”, Symposium by the OECD Development Centre and the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR), 10-11th October, mimeo. Gaston N. and D. Trefler (1995),’Union Wage Sensitivity and Protection: Theory and Evidence’, Journal of International Economics 39, 1-25. Giannakas, K., Tran, K.C. and V. Tzouvelekas (2003), ’On the Choice of Functional Form in Stochastic Frontier Modeling’, Empirical Economics 28, 75-100. Glass, A.J. and K. Saggi (2001), ‘Innovation and Wage Effects of International Outsourcing’, European Economic Review 45, 67-86. Greenaway, D., R. Hine and P. Wright (2000), ‘Further Evidence on the Effect of Foreign Competition on Industry Level Wages’, Weltwirtshaftliches Archiv 136 (3), 522-538. Greene, W.H. (2000), Econometric Analysis, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (NJ). Griliches, Z. and J. Mairesse (1995), Production Functions: The Search for Identification, NBER Working Paper 5067, Cambridge (MA). Grossman G.M. (1984), ’International Competition and the Unionized Sector’, Canadian Journal of Economics 17, 341-356. Grossman, G.M. (1987), ‘The Employment Effects of Import Competition in the United States’, Journal of International Economic Integration 2 (1), 1-23. Grossman, G.M. and E. Helpman (1991), Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy, MIT Press, Cambridge. Grossman, G.M. and E. Helpman (2002), Outsourcing in a Global Economy, NBER Working Paper 8728, Cambridge (MA). Hakura, D. (1999), A Test of the General Validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin Theorem for Trade in the European Community, IMF Working Paper 99-70, Washington (DC). Hall, R.E. (1988), ‘The Relation between Price and Marginal Costs in US Industry’, Journal of Political Economy 96, 921-947. Hall, R.E. (1994), ‘Comments and Discussion’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1, 74-77. Hansen, L.P. (1982), ’Large Sample Properties of Generalized Methods of Moments Estimators’, Econometrica 50, 1029-1054. Hanson, G.H. and M.J. Slaughter (1999), The Rybczynski Theorem, Factor-price Equalization, and immigration: Evidence from U.S. States, RSIE Discussion Paper 448, School of Public Policy, University of Michigan. Harrigan, J. (1997), Estimation of Cross-Country Differences in Industry, NBER Working Paper 6121, Cambridge(MA). Haskel J. and C. Martin (1992), ’Margins, Concentration, Unions and the Business Cycle’, International Journal of Industrial Organization 10, 611-632. Haskel, J.E. and M.J. Slaughter (1998), Does the Sector Bias of Skill-biased Technical Change explain Changing Wage Inequality?, NBER Working Paper 6565, Cambridge (MA). Haskel, J. and M.J. Slaughter (2001), ’Trade, Technology and UK Wage Inequality’, The Economic Journal 111 (1), 163-187. Haskel, J.E. and M.J. Slaughter (2002),‘Does the Sector Bias of Skill-biased Technical Change explain Changing Skill Premia?’, European Economic Review 46, 1757-1783. Haskel, J.E. and M.J. Slaughter (2003),’Have falling Tariffs and Transportation Costs raised US Wage Inequality?’, Review of International Economics 11 (4), 630-650. Heckscher, E (1919), ‘The Effect of Foreign Trade on the Distribution of Income’, Ekonomisk Tidskrift 21, 497-512. Hellier, J. and N. Chusseau (2003), Growing Inequalities between Skilled and Unskilled Workers: The Skill biased Technological Change versus Nort-South Openness Debate, MEDEE- Université de Lille 1, mimeo. Helpman, E. and P.R. Krugman (1985), Market Structure and Foreign Trade: Increasing Returns, Imperfect Competition and the International Economy, Harvester Press, Brighton. Heston, A., Summers, R. and B. Aten (2002), Penn World Table Version 6.1, Center for International Comparisons at the University of Pennsylvania (CICUP). Holmlund B., Løfgren K.G., L. Engstrøm (1989), Trade Unions, Employment and Unemployment Duration, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Hulten, C.R. (2000), Total Factor Productivity: A Short Biography, NBER Working Paper 7471, Cambridge (published(2001) in: Hulten, C. R., Dean, E.R. and M. J. Harper(eds.), New Developments in Productivity Analysis, National Bureau of Economic Research Studies in Income and Wealth, University of Chicago Press, Chicago). Hummels, D., Rapoport, D. and K.-M. Yi (1998),’Vertical Specialization and the Changing Nature of World Trade’, FRBNY Economic Policy Review, 79-99. Hummels, D., Ishii, J. and K.-M. Yi (2001), ’The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade’, Journal of International Economics 54 (1), 75-96. Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H. and Y. Shin (1997), Testing for Unit Roots in Heterogous Panels, Department of Applied Economics Working Paper 9526, University of Cambridge (UK). Inklaar, R., O’Mahoney, M., Robinson, C. and M. Timmer(2003), ‘Productivity and Competitiveness in the EU and the US’, in: O’Mahoney, M. and B. van Ark (eds.), EU Productivity and Competitiveness: An Industry Perspective-Can Europe resume the Catching-up Process?, European Commission, Brussels. Johnson, G. and F. Stafford (1998), ’The Labour Markets Implications of International Trade’, in: Ashenfelter, O. and D. Card (eds.), Handbook of Labour Economics (Volume 3b), North- Holland, Amsterdam, Chapter 34. Jones, R.W. (1965), ‘The Structure of Simple General Equilibrium Models’, Journal of Political Economy 73, 557-572. Jones, R.W. (2000), ‘Trade Theory and Factor Intensities: An Interpretative Essay’, in: Choi, E. K. and J. Harrigan(eds.), Handbook of International Trade, Basil-Blackwell, Oxford, 5-31. Jones, R.W. and H. Kierzkowski (2001), ‘A Framework for Fragmentation’, in: Arndt, S.W. and H. Kierzkowski (eds.), Fragmentation: New Production Patterns in the World Economy, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Jones, R.W. and J.P. Neary (1984), ‘The Positive Theory of International Trade’, in: Jones, R.W. and P.B. Kenen (eds.), Handbook of International Economics, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1-62. Jones, R.W. and J. Scheinkman (1977), ‘The Relevance of the Two-Sector Production Model in Trade Theory’, Journal of Political Economy 85, 909-935. Jorgenson, D.W. and Z. Griliches (1967), ‘The Explanation of Productivity Change’, Review of Economic Studies 34, 349-383. Katz, L.F. and K.M. Murphy (1991), Changes in Relative Wages, 1963-1987: Supply and Demand Factors, NBER Working Paper 3927, Cambridge (published (1992) in Quarterly Journal of Economics 107 (1), 35-78). Keynes, J.M. (1936), The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, MacMillan, London. Kohler, W. (2001 a), ‘A Specific Factors View on Outsourcing’, North American Journal of Economics and Finance 12, 31-53. Kohler, W. (2001 b), International Fragmentation of Value-added Chains: How Does it Affect Domestic Factor Prices, EPRU Working Paper 2001-3, Institute of Economics(University of Copenhagen). Kohler, W. (2002), The Distributional Effects of International Fragmentation, Working Paper 0201, Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz. Kramarz, F. (2003), Wages and International Trade, CEPR Discussion Paper 3936, CEPR, London. Krueger, A.B. (1997), Labor Market Shifts and the Price Puzzle Revisited, Industrial Relations Section Working Paper 375, Princeton University. Krugman, P.R. (1979), ‘Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition, and International Trade’, Journal of International Economics 9, 469-480. Krugman, P. (1995 a), Technology,Trade and Factor Prices, NBER Working Paper 5355, Cambridge (published (2000) in Journal of International Economics 50, 51-71). Krugman, P. (1995 b), ‘Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (Macroeconomics) 1, 327- 377. Krugman, P. (2004), 'The Trade Tightrope', New York Times, February 27th. Krugman, P. R. and M. Obstfeld (2003), International Economics: Theory and Policy (Sixth Edition), Addison Wesley, Boston. Landesmann, M., Stehrer, R. and S. Leitner (2002), Trade Liberalization and Labour Markets: Perspectives from OECD Economies, ILO Employment Paper 2002/41, International Labour Office, Geneva. Larsen, J., Neiss, K. and F. Shortall (2002), Factor Utilisation and Productivity Estimates for the United Kingdom, Working Paper 162, Bank of England, London. Lawrence, R.Z. (2000), ‘Does a Kick in the Pants get you going or does it just hurt? The Impact of International Competition on Technological Change in U.S. Manufacturing’, in: R.C. Feenstra (ed.), The Impact of International Trade on Wages, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 197-224. Lawrence, R.Z. and C.L. Evans (1996), Trade and Wages: Insights from the Crystal Ball, NBER Working Paper 5633, Cambridge (MA). Lawrence, C. and R.Z. Lawrence (1985), ‘Manufacturing Wage Dispersion: An End Game Interpretation’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1, 47-106. Lawrence, R.Z. and M.J. Slaughter (1993), ‘International Trade and American Wages in the 1980s: Giant Sucking Sound or Small Hiccup?’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (Microeconomics) 2, 161-226. Layard, R., Nickell S. and R. Jackman (1991), Unemployment: Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Leamer, E.E. (1996 a), In Search of Stolper-Samuelson Linkages between International Trade and Lower Wages, NBER Working Paper 5427, Cambridge (published (1998) in: Collins, S. (ed.), Imports, Exports and the American Worker, Brookings Institution, Washington, 141-202). Leamer, E.E. (1996 b), What’s the Use of Factor Contents?, NBER Working Paper 5448, Cambridge (published (2000) in Journal of International Economics 50 (1), 17-50). Leamer, E.E. (1998), Linking the Theory with the Data: That's the Core of International Economics, Handbook of Econometrics Conference, University College of London-Institute for Fiscal Studies, mimeo. Leamer, E.E. (1999), ‘Effort, Wages, and the International Division of Labor’, Journal of Political Economy 107 (6), 1127-1162. Leamer, E.E. and J. Levinsohn (1995), ‘International Trade Theory: The Evidence’, in: Grossman, G.M. and K. Rogoff(eds.), Handbook of International Economics (Volume 3), Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1339-1394. Le Compte, R.L.B. and S.D. Smith (1990), ’Changes in the Cost of Intermediation: The Case of Savings and Loans,’ The Journal of Finance 45 (4), 1337-1346. Lichtenberg, F. and B. Van Pottelsberghe de la Potterie(1996), ‘International R&D Spillovers: a Reexamination’, NBER Working Paper 5668, Cambridge (MA) . Lücke, M. (1998),’Trade with Low-income Countries and the Relative Wages and Employment Opportunities of the Unskilled- An Exploratory Analysis for West-Germany and the UK’, in: Brenton P. and J. Pelkmans (eds.), Global Trade and European Workers, MacMillan, Basingstoke. MacGarvie, M. (2003), International Trade and Knowledge Diffusion: A Survey of Recent Empirical Evidence, Boston University of Management, mimeo. MacKinnon, J.G., White, H. and R. Davidson (1983),’Tests for Model Specification in the Presence of Alternative Hypotheses’, Journal of Econometrics 21, 53-70. Magnani, E. and D. Prentice (2003), ‘Did Globalization reduce Unionization? Evidence from US Manufacturing’, Labour Economics 10, 705-726. Malcomson, J.M. (1997), ’Contracts, Hold-up, and Labor Markets’, Journal of Economic Literature 35, 1916-1957. Manasse, P., Stanca, L. and A. Turrini (2004), ’Wage Premia and Skill Upgrading in Italy: why didn’t the Hound bark?’, Labour Economics 11, 59-83. Manning, A. (2004), ‘Monopsony and the efficiency of Labour Market Interventions’, Labour Economics 11, 145-163. Martins, P.S. and P.T. Pereira (2004), ‘Does Education reduce Wage Inequality? Quantile Regression Evidence from16 Countries’, Labour Economics 11, 355-371. Mas-Colell, A., Whinston, M.D. and J.R. Green (1995), Microeconomic Theory, Oxford University Press, New York. McDonald, I.M. and R.M. Solow (1981), ’Wage Bargaining and Employment’, American Economic Review 71 (5), 896-908. Mezzetti, C. and E. Dinopoulos (1991), ’Domestic Unionization and Import Competition’, Journal of International Economics 31, 79-100. Minford, P., Riley, J. and E. Nowell (1997), ‘Trade, Technology and Labour Markets in the World Economy, 1970-1990: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis’, The Journal of Development Studies 34 (2), 1-34. Mishel, L. and J. Bernstein (1994), Is the Technology Black Box Empty?: An Empirical Examination of the Impact of Technology on Wage Inequality and the Employment Structure, Economic Policy Institute, Washington (DC). Morrison, C. (1988), ‘Quasi-Fixed Inputs in US and Japanese Manufacturing: a Generalized Leontief Restricted Cost Function Approach’, Review of Economics and Statistics 70 2), 275-287. Morrison , C. J. and D. Siegel (1997), ‘External Capital Factors and Increasing Returns in U.S. Manufacturing’, Review of Economics and Statistics 79 (4), 647-654. Morrison Paul, C. and D. Siegel (2001), ‘The Impacts of Technology, Trade and Outsourcing on Employment and Labour Compensation’, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 103 (2), 241-264. Moutos, T. (2000), ‘Neutral Technological Change and the Skill Premium’, Economics Letters 69, 365-370. Murphy, K.M., Shleifer, A. and R. Vishny (1989), ‘Income Distribution, Market Size, and Industrialization’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 104 (3), 537-564. Murphy, K.M. and F. Welch (1991), ’The Role of International Trade in Wage Differentials’, in: Kosters, M.H. (ed.), Workers and Their Wages: Changing Patterns in the United States, American Enterprise Institute Press, Washington (DC). Mussa, M. (1979), ’The Two Sector Model in terms of its Dual: a Geometric Exposition’, Journal of International Economics 9, 513-526. Nadiri, M.I. and I.R. Prucha (1999), Dynamic factor Demand Models and Productivity Analysis, NBER Working Paper 7079, Cambridge (MA). Nahuis, R. (1998), ‘Global Integration and Wages in a General Equilibrium World Model: Contributions of WorldScan’, in: Brenton, P. and Pelkmans, J. (eds.), Global Trade and European Workers, MacMillan, London, 123-146. Neary, J.P. (2001), Competition, Trade and Wages, CEPR Discussion Paper 2732, London. Newey W.K. (1984), ’A Method of Moments Interpretation of Sequential Estimators’, Economics Letters 14, 201-206. Nickell, S., Nunziata, L., Ochel, W. and G. Quintini(2003), ‘The Beveridge Curve, Unemployment and Wages in the OECD’, in: Aghion, P., Frydman, R., Stiglitz, J. and M. Woodford (eds.), Knowledge, Information and Expectations in Modern Macroeconomics: in Honour of Edmund S. Phelps, Princeton University Press. OECD (1994), The International Sectoral Database, OECD Statistical Compendium on CD ROM. Rheinberg: Data Service & Information (DSI). OECD (1996, 1997, 2003 a), Employment Outlook, Paris. OECD (1998), OECD Data on Skills: Employment by Industry and Occupation, STI Working paper 1998/4, OECD, Paris. OECD (2001), Science, Technology and Industry Scoreboard-Towards a Knowledge-based Economy, Paris. OECD (2002), International Trade by Commodity Statistics(SITC revision 3) 1991-2001, Paris. OECD (2003 b), The Sources of Economic Growth in OECD Countries, Paris. Ohlin, B. (1933), Interregional and International Trade, Harvard University Press, Cambridge. Oscarsson, E. (2000), Trade, Employment and Wages in Sweden, Working Paper 2000:8, Department of Economics, Stockholm University. Oswald, A.J. (1985),’The Economic Theory of Trade Unions: an Introductory Survey’, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 87, 160-193. Pagan, A. (1986), ’Two-Stage and Related Estimators and their Applications’, Review of Economic Studies 53, 517-538. Panagariya, A. (2000),‘Evaluating the Factor-content Approach to measuring the Effect of Trade on Wage Inequality’, Journal of International Economics 50, 91-116. Panagariya, A. and R. Dutta-Gupta (2003), The Gains from Preferential Trade Liberalization in the CGE, Economics Working Paper 0308005, University of Maryland. Peirό, A. (2004),‘Are Business Cycles Asymmetric? Some European Evidence’, Applied Economics 36, 335-342. Pollak, R.A. and T.J. Wales (1991), ’The Likelihood Dominance Criterion: A New Approach to Model Selection’, Journal of Econometrics 47, 227-242. Revenga, A.L. (1992),‘Exporting Jobs? The Impact of Import Competition on Employment and Wages in U.S. Manufacturing’, Quarterly Journal of Economics 92, 225-286. Rodrik, D. (1997), Has Globalization gone too far?, Institute for International Economics, Washington (DC). Romer, P. M. (1986), ‘Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth’, Journal of Political Economy 94 (5), 1002-1037. Rybczynski, T.M. (1955), ‘Factor Endowment and Relative Commodity Prices’, Economica 22 (84), 336-341. Sachs, J.D. and H.J. Shatz (1994), ‘Trade and Jobs in U.S. Manufacturing’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1, 1-84. Sachs, J.D. and H.J. Shatz (1996), International Trade and Wage Inequality in the United States: Some New Results, Development Discussion Paper 524, Harvard Institute for International Development. Samuelson, P.A. (1948), ‘International Trade and the Equalisation of Factor Prices’, Economic Journal 58, 163-184. Samuelson, P.A. (1949), ‘International Factor-Price Equalisation Once Again’, Economic Journal 59, 181-197. Samuelson, P.A. (1953), ‘Prices of Factors and Goods in General Equilibrium’, Review of Economic Studies 21, 1-20. Schott, P.K. (2003), ‘One Size fits all? Heckscher-Ohlin Specialization in Global Production’, American Economic Review 93 (3), 686-708. Slaughter, M.J. (2000), ‘What are the Results of Product-Price Studies?’, in: R.C. Feenstra (ed.), The Impact of International Trade on Wages, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 129-165. Slaughter, M. J. (2001), ’International Trade and Labor-demand Elasticities’, Journal of International Economics 54(1), 27-56. Smith, A. (1999), ‘The Labour Market Effects of International Trade: A Computable General Equilibrium Model’, in: Dewatripont, M., Sapir, A. and K. Sekkat (eds.), Trade and Jobs in Europe- Much Ado About Nothing?, Oxford University Press, Oxford (NY), 95-112. Smith, S. (2003), Labour Economics (second edition), Routledge, London. Sneessens, H.R. (1987), ’Investment and the Inflation-unemployment Trade-off in a Macroeconomic Rationing Model with Monopolistic Competition’, European Economic Review 31, 781-815. Spencer, B.J. and J.A. Brander (1983), ‘International R&D Rivalry and Industrial Strategy’, Review of Economic Studies 50, 707-722. Srinivasan, T.N. (1995), ’Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences (comments and discussions’, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Macroeconomics 1, 368- 373. Stolper, W.F. and P.A. Samuelson (1941), ‘Protection and Real Wages’, Review of Economic Studies 9 (1), 58-73. Strauss-Kahn, V. (2002), Firms’ Location Decision Across Asymmetric Countries and Employment Inequality, INSEAD Working Paper, mimeo. Strauss-Kahn, V. (2003), The Role of Globalization in the Within-industry Shift away from Unskilled Workers in France, NBER Working Paper 9716, Cambridge (MA). Thoenig, M. and T. Verdier (2003), ‘A Theory of Defensive Skill-biased Innovation and Globalization’, American Economic Review 93 (3), 709-728. Thompson, H. (2002), ‘Robustness of the Stolper-Samuelson Intensity Price Link’, in: Choi, E. K. and J. Harrigan(eds.), Handbook of International Trade, Basil-Blackwell, Oxford. Trefler, D. and S.C. Zhu (2000), Beyond the Algebra of Explanation: HOV for the Technology Age, American Economic Review 90 (2), 145-149. Ulph A. and D. Ulph (1990), ’Union Bargaining: A Survey of Recent Work’, in: Sapsford, D. and Z. Tzannatos (eds.), Current Issues in Labour Economics, MacMillan, London. UNCTAD (2002, 2003), World Investment Report, United Nations, New York. van de Ven, J. (2003), Global Economic Integration-Menacing or Promising for Developing Countries?, Swiss Consulting Group Occasional Paper 10, Brussels. Vanek (1968), ‘The Factor Proportions Theory: The N-factor Case’, Kyklos 21 (4), 749-756. Venables, A.K.J. (1999), ’Fragmentation and Multinational Production’, European Economic Review 43 (4-6), 935-945. Veugelers, R. (1989), ’Wage Premia, Price Cost Margins and Bargaining Power in Belgian Manufacturing’, European Economic Review 33, 169-180. Von Tunzelman, N. and E. Anderson (2001), Technologies and Skills in Long-run Perspective’, Discussion Paper in Economics 73, University of Sussex (UK). White, A. (1980), ’A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix and Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity’, Econometrica 48, 721-746. Winters, A.L. (2004), ‘Trade Liberalisation and Economic Performance’, The Economic Journal 114 (February), F4-F21. Wood, A. (1994), North-South Trade, Employment and Inequality: Changing Fortunes in a Skill- Driven World, Clarendon Press, Oxford. Xu, B. (1998), Factor Bias, Sector Bias, and the Effects of Technical Progress on Relative Factor Prices, University of Florida, mimeo (published (2001) in Journal of International Economics 54 (1), 5-26). |
URI: | https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/83525 |